Den amerikanske H\u00f8jesteret traf en beslutning vedr\u00f8rende den langvarige retssag \u00abOracle mod Google\u00bb, som har v\u00e6ret i gang siden 2010, relateret til brugen af Java API p\u00e5 Android-platformen. H\u00f8jesteret stod p\u00e5 Googles side og anerkendte, at brugen af Java API udg\u00f8r fair use. <\/p>\n
Retten konkluderte med at Googles m\u00e5l var \u00e5 skape et nytt system fokusert p\u00e5 \u00e5 l\u00f8se oppgaver for et annet databehandlingsmilj\u00f8 (smarttelefoner), og utviklingen av Android-plattformen bidro til \u00e5 realisere og popularisere dette m\u00e5let. Historien viser at det finnes ulike m\u00e5ter hvorom implementeringen av et grensesnitt kan fremme videre utvikling av programvare. Googles hensikter var rettet mot \u00e5 oppn\u00e5 slik kreativ fremgang, som er et kjerneform\u00e5l med opphavsretten. <\/p>\n
Google har kopiert omtrent 11500 linjer med beskrivelse av API-strukturer, noe som utgj\u00f8r bare 0,4 % av den totale implementeringen av API-en p\u00e5 2,86 millioner linjer. Med tanke p\u00e5 omfanget og betydningen av den brukte koden, ble de 11500 linjene vurdert av retten som en liten del av et mye st\u00f8rre hele. I programgrensesnittet er de kopierte linjene uatskillelig knyttet til annen kode (som ikke tilh\u00f8rer Oracle) som programmere bruker. Google kopierte den aktuelle koden ikke p\u00e5 grunn av dens kvalitet eller funksjonelle fordeler, men fordi den gjorde det mulig for programmerere \u00e5 bruke eksisterende ferdigheter i et nytt databehandlingsmilj\u00f8 for smarttelefoner. <\/p>\n
Vi minder om, at i 2012 accepterede en dommer med programmeringserfaring Googles synspunkt og fastslog, at det definerende API-navnetr\u00e6 er en del af strukturen af kommandoer - et s\u00e6t tegn forbundet med en bestemt funktion. Et s\u00e5dant kommando-s\u00e6t betragtes if\u00f8lge ophavsretsloven ikke som omfattet af ophavsret, da duplicationen af kommando-strukturen er en uundg\u00e5elig betingelse for at sikre kompatibilitet og b\u00e6rbarhed. Derfor er identiteten af strenge med deklarationer og headerbeskrivelser af metoder uden betydning - for at implementere samme funktionalitet skal de definerende API-funktionsnavne v\u00e6re identiske, selvom selve funktionaliteten er implementeret anderledes. Da der kun er \u00e9n m\u00e5de at udtrykke en id\u00e9 eller funktion p\u00e5, har enhver ret til at bruge identiske deklarationer, og ingen kan monopolisere s\u00e5danne udtryk. <\/p>\n
Oracle indgav en appel og opn\u00e5ede i den amerikanske f\u00f8derale appelret annullering af dommen - appelretten anerkendte, at Java API er Oracle's intellektuelle ejendom. Herefter \u00e6ndrede Google sin taktik og fors\u00f8gte at bevise, at implementeringen af Java API p\u00e5 Android-platformen udg\u00f8r fair use, og dette fors\u00f8g havde succes. Googs position var, at udvikling af b\u00e6rbar software ikke kr\u00e6ver licens til API'et, og gentagelse af API'et for at skabe kompatible funktionelle \u00e6kvivalenter falder ind under \u201efair use\u201c. If\u00f8lge Google vil klassificeringen af API'et som intellektuel ejendom have en negativ indvirkning p\u00e5 industrien, da det undergraver udviklingen af innovation, og skabelsen af kompatible funktionelle \u00e6kvivalenter til softwareplatforme kan blive genstand for retssager. <\/p>\n
Oracle har for andre gang sendt inn en appell, og saken har igjen blitt vurdert i deres fav\u00f8r. Retten har fastsl\u00e5tt at prinsippet om \u00abgod tro-bruk\u00bb ikke er aktuelt for Android, ettersom denne plattformen utvikles av Google med utilitaristiske m\u00e5l, som realiseres ikke gjennom direkte salg av programvaren, men gjennom kontroll over tilknyttede tjenester og annonsering. I tillegg opprettholder Google kontrollen over brukerne gjennom en propriet\u00e6r API for interaksjon med sine tjenester, som er forbudt \u00e5 bruke til \u00e5 lage funksjonelle tilsvarende l\u00f8sninger, det vil si at bruken av Java API ikke er begrenset til ikke-kommersielle form\u00e5l. Som svar har Google sendt inn en begj\u00e6ring til h\u00f8yesterett, og den amerikanske h\u00f8yesterett har igjen tatt opp sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5let om eierskap til programvaregrensesnitt (API) som en del av intellektuell eiendom og avsa den endelige dommen til fordel for Google. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0441 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 «Oracle \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 Google», \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 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Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"