Moni anzanu!
Π Muzolembazo, tidadziwa zofunikira komanso, monga mukuwonera, zofunikira kwambiri pazomangamanga za VoIP, monga njira yowunikira magalimoto kapena, mwachidule, SMT. Tidapeza zomwe zili, zomwe zimathetsa mavuto, komanso tidawonanso oimira odziwika kwambiri omwe amaperekedwa ndi opanga kudziko la IT. Mu gawo ili, tiwona mfundo zomwe SMT imayendetsedwa mu IT Infrastructure and VoIP traffic monitoring ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zake.
Zomangamanga za machitidwe owunikira magalimoto a VoIP
Tinamanga ndi kumanga ndipo potsiriza tinamanga. Uwu!
Kuchokera ku zojambula "Cheburashka ndi Gena Ng'ona."
Monga tanenera kale, pali zinthu zokwanira mu makampani olankhulana ndi matelefoni omwe amagwera m'gulu loyenera. Komabe, ngati tidzipatula ku dzina, wopanga mapulogalamu, nsanja, ndi zina zambiri, titha kuwona kuti zonse ndizofanana molingana ndi kapangidwe kawo (osachepera zomwe wolemba adayenera kuthana nazo). Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakhalapo kwa njira zina zilizonse zojambulira magalimoto kuchokera kuzinthu zapaintaneti kuti afufuze mwatsatanetsatane. Kuphatikiza apo, omalizawo, m'malingaliro omvera, amatsimikiziridwa ndi chitukuko chapano cha magawo osiyanasiyana amakampani. Kuti mumvetse bwino, taganizirani fanizo ili.
Kuyambira pomwe wasayansi wamkulu waku Russia Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov adapanga lingaliro lachitsanzo, umunthu walandira mwayi waukulu wosintha ma analogi kupita ku digito ndi digito-to-analogi, chifukwa chomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wodabwitsa wotere. kulumikizana ngati IP telephony. Mukayang'ana pakupanga njira zosinthira ma siginecha amawu (aka ma aligorivimu, ma codecs, ma encoding njira, ndi zina), mutha kuwona momwe DSP (kuwongolera ma siginecha a digito) yatengera gawo lofunikira pakusunga mauthenga azidziwitso - kukhazikitsa luso lolosera. chizindikiro cha kulankhula. Ndiko kuti, m'malo mongowerengera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito a- ndi u-malamulo a kuponderezana (G.711A/G.711U), tsopano ndizotheka kufalitsa gawo lokha la zitsanzo ndikubwezeretsanso uthenga wonse kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe zimapulumutsa kwambiri. bandwidth. Kubwerera ku mutu wa MMT, tikuwona kuti pakadali pano palibe kusintha kofananira kwamakhalidwe pamachitidwe amtundu wa magalimoto, kupatula mtundu umodzi kapena wina wa galasi.
Tiyeni titembenukire ku chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa, chomwe chikuwonetsa zomwe akatswiri adapanga pamitu yoyenera.
Chithunzi 1. Chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha zomangamanga za SMT.
Pafupifupi SMT iliyonse imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: seva ndi othandizira kujambula magalimoto (kapena zofufuza). Seva imalandira, imayendetsa ndikusunga magalimoto a VoIP omwe amachokera kwa othandizira, komanso amapereka akatswiri kuti athe kugwira ntchito ndi zomwe alandira m'mawonedwe osiyanasiyana (ma graph, zithunzi, Kuyimba, ndi zina). Ojambula amalandila kuchuluka kwa VoIP kuchokera pazida zoyambira pa netiweki (mwachitsanzo, SBC, softswitch, gateways, ..), amasinthitsa kukhala mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu apakompyuta ogwiritsira ntchito, ndikusamutsira womaliza kuti asinthe.
Monga momwe nyimbo zilili, oimba amapanga zosiyana pa nyimbo zazikulu za ntchito, kotero pamenepa, pali njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi. Kusiyanasiyana kwawo ndi kwakukulu ndipo kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mawonekedwe a zomangamanga zomwe MMT imayikidwa. Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi yomwe palibe othandizira ogwidwa omwe amayikidwa kapena kukonzedwa. Pankhaniyi, magalimoto omwe amawunikidwa amatumizidwa mwachindunji kwa seva kapena, mwachitsanzo, seva imalandira chidziwitso chofunikira kuchokera ku mafayilo a pcap opangidwa ndi kuyang'anira zinthu. Njira yoperekerayi nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa ngati sizingatheke kukhazikitsa ma probe. Malo a zida zomwe zili patsambali, kusowa kwazinthu zogwiritsira ntchito zida zowonera, zolakwika pagulu la ma network a IP ndipo, chifukwa chake, mavuto olumikizana ndi netiweki, etc., zonsezi zitha kukhala chifukwa chosankha zomwe zadziwika. njira yokonzekera kuyang'anira.
Popeza taphunzira ndikumvetsetsa momwe izi kapena kuti SMT ingagwiritsidwire ntchito muukadaulo wa IT kuchokera kumalingaliro omanga, tidzakambirananso mbali zomwe zili mkati mwa luso la oyang'anira dongosolo, zomwe ndi njira zotumizira mapulogalamu adongosolo pa maseva.
Pokonzekera chigamulo chokhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa gawo loyang'anira maukonde lomwe likuganiziridwa, okhazikitsa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mafunso ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zomwe zidapangidwa ndi seva, ndizokwanira kukhazikitsa zida zonse pagulu limodzi kapena ziyenera kupatulidwa, momwe mungayikitsire pulogalamuyo, ndi zina zambiri. Mafunso omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, komanso mafunso ena ambiri okhudzana ndi izi, ndi otakata kwambiri, ndipo mayankho ambiri a iwo amadalira momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito (kapena mapangidwe). Komabe, tiyesa kufotokoza mwachidule zomwe tafotokozazi kuti tipeze lingaliro lambiri ndikumvetsetsa mbali iyi ya kutumizidwa kwa CMT.
Chifukwa chake, chinthu choyamba chomwe akatswiri amakhala nacho nthawi zonse pokhazikitsa SMT ndizomwe seva iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito? Poganizira kufalikira kwa mapulogalamu aulere, funsoli limafunsidwa nthawi zambiri kotero kuti kutchuka kwake kungathe kufananizidwa ndi funso lakuti "Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?" magawo a media omwe amakonzedwa kapena kukonzedwa ndi nsanja ya telefoni. Nambala ndi zogwirika zomwe zimapereka kuwunika kwachinthu chodziwika bwino ndi CAPS (Call Attempts Per Second) kapena kuchuluka kwa kuyimba pamphindikati. Kufunika koyankha funsoli makamaka chifukwa chakuti ndi chidziwitso cha magawo omwe amatumizidwa ku dongosolo lomwe lidzapanga katundu pa seva yake.
Nkhani yachiwiri yomwe imabwera posankha za makhalidwe a hardware zigawo za seva ndizopanga mapulogalamu (malo ogwirira ntchito, ma database, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zidzagwire ntchito. Kuyenda kwa ma Signal (kapena media) kumafika pa seva, komwe kumakonzedwa (mauthenga amawu amasinthidwa) ndi ntchito ina (mwachitsanzo, Kamailio), ndiyeno chidziwitso chopangidwa mwanjira inayake chimayikidwa mu database. Kwa ma CMT osiyanasiyana, mapulogalamu onse omwe amasokoneza mayunitsi a siginecha ndi mapulogalamu omwe amapereka yosungirako angakhale osiyana. Komabe, onse amalumikizana ndi chikhalidwe chofanana cha multithreading. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha zochitika zapadera monga SMT, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa panthawiyi kuti chiwerengero cha ntchito zolembera pa disk chimaposa chiwerengero cha ntchito zowerengera kuchokera pamenepo.
Ndipo potsiriza ... "Pali zambiri m'mawu awa": seva, virtualization, containerization ... Mbali yomaliza, koma yofunika kwambiri yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi gawo ili la nkhaniyi ndi njira zomwe zingatheke kukhazikitsa zigawo za MMT panthawi yotumizidwa. Zandandalikidwa pafupi ndi mawu ochokera mβbuku losakhoza kufa la A.S. Tekinoloje ya Pushkin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazomangamanga ndi ma projekiti osiyanasiyana. Kumbali imodzi, iwo ali ogwirizana kwambiri wina ndi mzake, ndipo kwinakwake, iwo amasiyana mochititsa chidwi mu njira zambiri. Komabe, onse, mwanjira imodzi kapena imzake, amaperekedwa ndi opanga ngati njira zomwe zilipo pakuyika zinthu zawo. Kufotokozera mwachidule machitidwe omwe atchulidwa mu gawo loyamba la nkhaniyi, tikuwona njira zotsatirazi zowatumizira pa seva yeniyeni kapena makina enieni:
- kugwiritsa ntchito zolemba zodziwikiratu kapena kudziyika nokha ndikusintha kotsatira kwa pulogalamu yofananira,
- kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha OS chopangidwa kale chokhala ndi pulogalamu ya SMT yoyikiratu ndi/kapena wothandizira,
- kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa zotengera (Docker).
Zida zoyikira zomwe zatchulidwazi zili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake, ndipo akatswiri ali ndi zomwe amakonda, zolepheretsa ndi zina zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe amagwirira ntchito kapena kukhazikitsa zili kuti afotokoze malingaliro aliwonse. Kumbali inayi, kufotokozera komwe kwaperekedwa kwa njira zoperekera njira zowunikira magalimoto a SIP ndizowonekera bwino, ndipo pakadali pano sikufunika kuganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Iyi ndi nkhani ina yoperekedwa ku chinthu chofunikira komanso chosangalatsa cha netiweki ya VoIP - njira yowunikira magalimoto a SIP. Monga nthawi zonse, ndikuthokoza owerenga chifukwa cha chidwi nkhaniyi! Mu gawo lotsatira tidzayesa kulowa mozama muzatsatanetsatane ndikuyang'ana HOMER SIP Capture ndi zinthu za SIP3.
Source: www.habr.com