Zotsatira za mavoti pa Debian init systems zafotokozedwa mwachidule

Lofalitsidwa результаты mavoti onse (GR, kusamvana kwakukulu) kwa omanga pulojekiti ya Debian omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yokonza phukusi ndi kukonza zida, zomwe zidachitika pankhani yothandizira machitidwe angapo a init. Chinthu chachiwiri ("B") pamndandanda womwe wapambana - systemd ikadali yokondedwa, koma kuthekera kosunga njira zina zoyambira kumakhalabe. Kuvota kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njirayo Condorcet, momwe wovota aliyense amasankha zosankha zonse malinga ndi zomwe amakonda, ndipo powerengera zotsatira zake, zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi angati ovota omwe amasankha njira imodzi kuposa ina.

Malingaliro omwe apambana amavomereza kuti ma unit service system ndi njira yabwino yosinthira ma daemon ndi mautumiki kuti ayendetse, koma amavomereza kuti pali madera omwe opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ena a init ndi njira zina zogwirira ntchito zomwe zingagwirizane ndi machitidwe a systemd. Opanga njira zina amafunikira zothandizira kuti agwire ntchito yawo ndikusintha mapaketi awo. Mayankho ena monga elogind poyendetsa mapulogalamu omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a systemd amakhalabe ofunikira ku polojekitiyi. Kuthandizira zoyeserera zotere kumafuna thandizo m'malo omwe kupanga umisiri wina kumasokonekera ndi ntchito ina yonse, monga kuchedwetsa kuwunikiranso ndi kukambirana.

Maphukusi amatha kuphatikiza mafayilo onse a systemd unit ndi zolemba za init zoyambira ntchito. Phukusi litha kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe aliwonse omwe wosamalira phukusi angafune, bola zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malamulo a Debian ndipo sizimangika pazoyeserera kapena zosagwirizana ndi Debian pamaphukusi ena. Kuphatikiza pa systemd, phukusi lingaphatikizeponso chithandizo cha machitidwe ena a init ndikupereka zigawo kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mawonekedwe apadera a systemd. Zosankha zokhudzana ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa zigamba zimapangidwa ndi oyang'anira ngati gawo limodzi lamayendedwe okhazikika. Debian adadzipereka kugwira ntchito ndi zogawa zomwe zimasankha kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ena a init, koma kuyanjana kumamangidwa pamlingo wosamalira, zomwe zimapanga zisankho zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi magawo a chipani chachitatu zomwe zimavomerezedwa muzolemba zazikulu za Debian ndi zomwe zatsala. mu kugawa kochokera.

Tikumbukire kuti mu 2014 komiti yaukadaulo kuvomerezedwa kusintha kugawa kosasintha pa systemd, koma ayi zinatheka zisankho zokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha machitidwe angapo operekera (chinthu chomwe chikuwonetsa kusafuna kwa komiti kupanga chisankho pankhaniyi chidapambana mavoti). Mtsogoleri wa komitiyo adalimbikitsa osamalira phukusi kuti azithandizira sysvinit ngati njira ina ya init, koma adanena kuti sakanatha kukakamiza maganizo ake komanso kuti chigamulocho chiyenera kuchitidwa paokha pazochitika zilizonse.

Zitatha izi, opanga ena anayesa kuyesa kuchita mavoti onse, koma kuvota koyambirira kunawonetsa kuti panalibe chifukwa chopanga chisankho pa nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe angapo oyambitsa. Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, pambuyo pake mavuto ndi kuphatikizika kwa phukusi la elogind (lofunika kuyendetsa GNOME popanda systemd) munthambi yoyesera chifukwa cha mkangano ndi libsystemd, nkhaniyi idadzutsidwanso ndi mtsogoleri wa polojekiti ya Debian, popeza omangawo sanagwirizane, ndipo kulumikizana kwawo kunasanduka kulimbana ndikufika pachimake.

Zosankha zomwe zaganiziridwa:

Cholinga chachikulu ndi systemd. Kupereka chithandizo cha machitidwe ena a init sikofunikira, koma osamalira angaphatikizepo zolembedwa za init zamakinawa m'maphukusi.

systemd ikadali yokondedwa, koma kuthekera kosunga machitidwe ena oyambira kwatsala. Matekinoloje monga elogind, omwe amalola kuti mapulogalamu omangidwa ku systemd azigwira ntchito m'malo ena, amawoneka ngati ofunikira. Phukusi likhoza kukhala ndi mafayilo a init a machitidwe ena.

Thandizo lamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya init komanso kuthekera koyambitsa Debian ndi machitidwe a init kupatula systemd.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, phukusi liyenera kukhala ndi zolemba za init; kupereka mafayilo amtundu wa systemd okha popanda sysv init script ndikosayenera.

Kuthandizira machitidwe omwe sagwiritsa ntchito systemd, koma osasintha zomwe zingalepheretse chitukuko. Madivelopa amavomereza kuthandizira ma init angapo amtsogolo, komanso akukhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kuyesetsa kukonza chithandizo cha systemd. Kupanga ndi kukonza njira zothetsera mavuto zisiyidwe kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mayankhowo, koma oyang'anira ena ayenera kuthandiza ndikuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto pakafunika kutero. Momwemonso, phukusi liyenera kugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito init system iliyonse, yomwe ingatheke popereka zolemba za init kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zomwe zimawalola kugwira ntchito popanda systemd. Kulephera kugwira ntchito popanda systemd kumawonedwa ngati cholakwika, koma osati cholakwika choletsa kumasulidwa, pokhapokha ngati pali njira yokonzekera yogwirira ntchito popanda systemd, koma imakanidwa kupulumutsidwa (mwachitsanzo, vuto likayamba chifukwa cha kuchotsa init script yomwe idaperekedwa kale).

Imathandizira kusuntha popanda kuyambitsa zosintha zomwe zimalepheretsa chitukuko. Debian akupitiriza kuwoneka ngati mlatho wophatikizira mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana omwe amapereka ntchito zofanana kapena zofanana. Kusunthika pakati pa mapulaneti a hardware ndi mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu ndi cholinga chofunikira, ndipo kuphatikiza kwa matekinoloje ena kumalimbikitsidwa, ngakhale kuti dziko lapansi la omwe adawalenga likusiyana ndi mgwirizano wamba. Udindo wokhudzana ndi systemd ndi machitidwe ena oyambira amagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mfundo 4.

Kupanga chithandizo cha machitidwe angapo oyambira ndikofunikira. Kupereka kuthekera koyendetsa Debian ndi machitidwe a init kupatula systemd kukupitilizabe kofunika ku polojekitiyi. Phukusi lililonse liyenera kugwira ntchito ndi othandizira a pid1 kupatula systemd, pokhapokha pulogalamu yomwe idaphatikizidwa mu phukusiyo idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito ndi systemd ndipo sichikuthandizira kuthamanga popanda systemd (kusakhalapo kwa zolemba za init sikuwerengera monga momwe amafunira kugwira ntchito ndi systemd) .

Imathandizira kusuntha ndi kukhazikitsa zingapo. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndizofanana ndendende ndi mfundo 5, koma palibe zofunikira zenizeni zamakina a systemd ndi init, ndipo palibe maudindo omwe amaperekedwa kwa opanga. Madivelopa akulimbikitsidwa kuti aziganizira zofuna za wina ndi mnzake, kusagwirizana ndikupeza mayankho ofanana omwe ali okhutiritsa kwa maphwando osiyanasiyana.

Kukambitsirana kopitilira. Chinthucho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsitsa zosankha zosavomerezeka.

Source: opennet.ru