Njira zachikhalidwe zotumizira deta zipitiliza kugwira ntchito yake moyenera kwa zaka zambiri, koma zimakhala zotsika mtengo m'malo omwe kuli anthu ambiri. Muzochitika zina, zothetsera zina zimafunika zomwe zingapereke mauthenga odalirika othamanga kwambiri pamtengo wokwanira.
Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunzira momwe mungathetsere mavuto oyankhulana kumene njira zachikhalidwe zimakhala zodula kapena zosafikirika. Ndi magulu ati a mayankho omwe alipo, momwe amasiyanirana komanso momwe angasankhire zomwe zimafunikira pa ntchito inayake.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya matekinoloje omwe amati amathetsa zovuta zolumikizirana pomwe njira zoyankhulirana zachikhalidwe kulibe kapena nzosathandiza pazachuma. Ma balancers, aggregators ndi adders amawoneka kuti amachita zomwezo, koma amasiyana kwambiri pamtundu wa kuthetsa mavuto. Tiyeni tiganizire.
Osamalitsa
Njira iliyonse ikugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi. Izi zimathetsa nkhani yodalirika chifukwa cha redundancy, koma sichikuwonjezera liwiro. Nthawi yomweyo, owerengera ambiri samawona kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ili yachangu ndikungosinthira ku yomwe imagwira ntchito. 80% yamayankho pamsika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma SIM makhadi angapo ali ndendende ngati Ma Balancers - kulumikizana kudzera panjira imodzi kutayika, imangosinthira kulumikizana ndi ina.
Pali gulu losiyana la kusintha pakati pa balancer ndi aggregator. Kuthamanga kwa ulusi wambiri, mwachitsanzo kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito angapo nthawi imodzi, kudzakhala kwakukulu kuposa wina aliyense. Njirayi, ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, sikufuna ngakhale njira yothetsera magalimoto ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'gulu la ma routers otsika mtengo. Njira yothetsera vutoli ingapereke liwiro lalikulu, koma wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense adzalandira liwiro lomwe likupezeka kudzera mu njira imodzi yokha. Mukhoza kukopera mitsinje pa chipangizo chotero bwino kwambiri.
Vuto liyenera kuthetsedwa
Kuchulukitsa kudalirika. Kusungitsa njira zotumizira ma data.
Mfungulo
- Kuthamanga kwakusintha kuchoka panjira yosagwira ntchito kupita ku yogwira ntchito. Chidacho chikazindikira mwachangu kuti njira imodzi sikugwira ntchito ndipo ikufunika kusinthira ku ina, ndibwino
- Ntchito yofunika kwambiri panjira yothamanga kwambiri
ΠΠ»ΡΡΡ
- Mtengo wa chipangizo. Njira yotsika mtengo pamsika
- Simafunikira zida zothetsera magalimoto apakatikati
- Sichifuna antchito oyenerera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kukonza
ΠΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ
- Palibe cheke chaubwino wa tchanelo. Chipangizocho chikhoza kusinthira ku tchanelo chokhala ndi kulumikizana kwapakatikati, pomwe njira yoyandikana nayo imakhala yothamanga kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chandamale
Ntchito zomwe sizifuna mitengo yayikulu yosinthira deta ndipo ndi zokonzekera nthawi yochepa
Aggregators
Mawuwa amachokera ku chingerezi aggregate. Pankhani ya njira zotumizira deta, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzothetsera zophatikizira njira zotumizira mawaya ndi kuwala kwa data.
Awa ndi machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi owerengera - amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zotumizira deta nthawi imodzi. Kupyolera mu njira iliyonse, kulumikizana kumapangidwa ndi seva yapakatikati, pomwe magalimoto amaphatikizidwa ndikuperekedwanso ku ntchito yomwe mukufuna. Choncho, ngati ngakhale njira zingapo zikusowa, kutumiza deta sikusokonezedwa. Ndiko kuti, palibe lingaliro la kusintha kuchokera ku njira imodzi kupita ku ina. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pamakina otumizira ma data opanda zingwe, mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, zambiri mwa njirazi sizikuwonjezera liwiro kapena kuwonjezera pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, mayendedwe 4 a 10 Mbit / s ayenera kupereka okwana 40 Mbit, koma ophatikiza mumsewu wa L3 adzapereka pafupifupi 12-18. Izi ndizomwe zimathamanga kwambiri pamikhalidwe yabwino. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa entropy mumayendedwe. Ndi ntchito yosakhala yaing'ono kuphatikiza mayendedwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, kuchedwa kosiyana.
Ndithu, izi ndizabwino kuposa khumi, koma zocheperapo kuposa makumi anayi omwe amayembekezeredwa. Opanga osakhulupirika amayesa kubisa chovuta ichi pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa seva ya proxy + m'malo mwa adilesi yoyambira. Pankhaniyi, kuthamanga kumawonjezeka kwambiri, koma izi zimangogwira ntchito pamene kugwirizana kumayambika kuchokera ku chipangizocho. Ngati mutayambitsa kugwirizana kuchokera kudziko lakunja, ndiye kuti njirayi sigwiranso ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kuphatikiza maukonde awiri, mwachitsanzo, malo ogulitsa ndi ofesi yayikulu kapena sitima yokhala ndi netiweki yapakati, aggregator sangathe kuthana ndi ntchitoyi, chifukwa liwiro la chipangizocho lidzakhala lochepera 10 kuposa kuchokera chipangizo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki ogwiritsira ntchito ma telecom, zosokoneza zotere zimatsimikizika kuti zidzutsa mafunso kuchokera kwa oyang'anira okhudza dongosolo la machitidwe ofufuza (SORM).
Njira zothetsera kuphatikizika kwa njira zotumizira ma data opanda zingwe ndizosavuta ndipo sizifunikira kuti pakhale kafukufuku wozama sayansi. Pafupifupi zonse zili ndi mayankho okonzeka okha, ofotokozedwa mofala Open Source. Opanga amakonda kupanga mawonekedwe osavuta a WEB ndikuwupereka ngati chitukuko chatsopano. Njira imeneyi ndi yofala kwambiri ku Russia.
Vuto liyenera kuthetsedwa
Kuchulukitsa kudalirika. Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa liwiro.
Mfungulo
Kutaya njira zophatikizika. Avereji pazipita kusamutsa deta.
ΠΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ
- Mtengo wa chipangizo. Zokwera mtengo kuposa zowerengera wamba
- Kupezeka kwa malipiro a mwezi uliwonse, chifukwa pamafunika njira yochepetsera magalimoto apakatikati
- Kusamalira kumafuna akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino
- Kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono njira zotumizira ma data mumsewu wa L3
- Kugwiritsa ntchito ma seva a proxy kumabweretsa ma asymmetric network ndi ma adilesi
ΠΠ»ΡΡΡ
- Amathetsa bwino vuto la njira zopatsirana zosafunikira
- Mukamagwiritsa ntchito seva ya proxy, imapereka liwiro lalikulu losamutsa deta ngati kulumikizana kwayambika kuchokera pa chipangizocho
Kugwiritsa ntchito chandamale
Ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kulumikizana kokhazikika ndipo sizifuna njira ya L3. Mabanja apayekha, ma topology osavuta omwe safuna ma symmetrical network. Sizikugwira ntchito pamafakitale ndi ma network opangira ma telecom.
Adders
Pankhani ya njira zotumizira deta, mawuwa adawonekera ku Russia zaka zingapo zapitazo. Mayankho awa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ma aggregators, koma ndi osiyana kwambiri chifukwa, posunga zabwino zawo zonse, alibe zovuta zawo zonse.
Ngati mukufuna kubisa kuchokera ku chipangizocho kupita ku seva yoyimitsa, njira iyi, monga kuponderezedwa kwapaulendo, imapezeka muukadaulo wokhwima pamsika.
Kwa L3 tunnels, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotumizira ma data pa ma adds ndi pafupifupi 90%. Mwachitsanzo, pamene aggregator amapereka 40 Mbit/s, chowonjezera molimba mtima kupereka 70 Mbit/s. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa mbira. Iyi ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafunikira kafukufuku wozama kwambiri wa sayansi.
Kuchulukitsa bwino liwiro mumsewu wa L3 kumapereka mawonekedwe osalala a netiweki popanda "zachilendo".
Mosiyana ndi ophatikiza, owonjezera alibe zoletsa pakukula kwawo. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu uliwonse wa njira yotumizira ma data komanso pa topology yamtundu uliwonse. Maukonde opangidwa ndi adder ndi okhazikika ndipo, mosiyana ndi ophatikizira, pakugwira ntchito sikudzabweretsa mafunso kuchokera kwa olamulira kapena misampha yomwe ikugwira ntchito.
Vuto liyenera kuthetsedwa
Kuchulukitsa kudalirika. Kuchuluka kwa liwiro.
Mfungulo
Kutaya njira zophatikizika. Avereji pazipita kusamutsa deta.
ΠΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ
- Kupezeka kwa malipiro a mwezi uliwonse, chifukwa pamafunika njira yochepetsera magalimoto apakatikati.
- Mtengo wake ukufanana ndi aggregator
ΠΠ»ΡΡΡ
- Yankho lothandiza kwambiri pavuto la njira zopatsira deta zosafunikira.
- Kuwonjezeka kangapo pa liwiro ndi mphamvu zamakanema mumsewu wa L3.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chandamale
Ntchito zamalonda, mafakitale ndi boma zomwe zimafuna kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kusamutsa deta yodalirika. Palibe zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito.
Yankho lathunthu
Ukadaulo wowonjezera kudalirika ndi kutulutsa, kuphatikiza pa ntchito yawo yayikulu, uyenera kukhala wosavuta kuwongolera komanso wowongoka, kukhala njira zothetsera mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito omaliza komanso osathana ndi vutoli mogawikana, kusuntha zida zambiri ndi ntchito zogwirira ntchito kwa kasitomala. luso.
Kodi chofunika n'chiyani kuti tipeze yankho lathunthu?
1. Unified network management system
Zimapangitsa kuyang'anira zida zonse za netiweki - sinthani firmware ndi kasinthidwe, kuwonetsa machenjezo ndi ngozi, ndikuwongolera katundu pamaneti. Sinthani mosabisa ntchito zonse za chipangizo chilichonse payekhapayekha ndipo, nthawi zina, onani pomwe chipangizocho chili ndi mawonekedwe ake pamapu olumikizana.
Njira yoyendetsera maukonde apamwamba kwambiri imapulumutsa ogwira ntchito zamainjiniya, imachepetsa nthawi yothetsa mavuto, ndipo imachita zonse zomwe "ubongo" umachita nthawi zambiri.
2. Kudalirika
Ukadaulo umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito seva yothetsa magalimoto, yomwe nthawi zonse imayima pakati pa chipangizocho ndi ntchito yomwe mukufuna. Itha kukhala chinthu chimodzi cholephera. Ngati yankho silingathe kugawiranso magalimoto kuchokera kuzipangizo kupita ku ma seva othetsa ndikupereka kulephera kwadzidzidzi, sikuvomerezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pamalonda.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri. Popanda makina osunga zobwezeretsera, netiweki yothamanga kwambiri posachedwa idzasanduka netiweki ya "njerwa".
3. Kuyang'anira khalidwe
Mayankho ambiri sangathe kujambula ma metric ofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa chipangizo pomwe sali pa intaneti. Ndiko kuti, ngati pali vuto ndi maukonde, woyendetsa dongosolo sangathe kuchita kafukufuku wobwereza wa chipangizocho ndikumvetsetsa chomwe chinali vuto.
M'magawo ofunikira, zida ziyenera kulemba kuchuluka kwa ma metric panjira zoyankhulirana ngati "zokambirana", zitha kusungira izi ndikuzipereka ku dongosolo lapakati popanda kukweza mayendedwe. Palibe njira yotseguka yowunikira yomwe ingapulumutse nthawi imodzi ndikutumiza ma metric owonera.
4. chitetezo
Netiweki iyenera kutetezedwa kwambiri ku chikoka choyipa mbali imodzi ndikuwongoleredwa kwathunthu ndi kasitomala kwina.
5. Thandizo lochokera kwa wopanga 24/7
Nβkovuta kwambiri kulankhula ndi wopanga zinthu ngati ali mβdera lina la nthawi ndipo amalankhula chinenero china kapena amangodziona ngati mfumu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zomwe wopanga angachite pavuto la kasitomala ndizochepa, komanso kuti yankho limathetsa vutolo.
Zosankha
1. Ngati mwakhutitsidwa ndi mayendedwe a tchanelo chilichonse ndikungofuna kukhala kumbali yotetezeka, sankhani chowerengera. Zosavuta, zotsika mtengo komanso zothandiza. Zingakhale zowonjezera ngati wopanga aphatikiza mitundu iyi:
-Lingaliro la njira yayikulu ndi yosunga zobwezeretsera. Pamene tchanelo chosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera chiyatsidwa pokhapokha pomwe chachikulu sichikupezeka. Njira yayikulu imayatsidwa ikangopezeka.
-Njira yowunika momwe mayendedwe amayendera popanda kutulutsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
-Kudzakhala kuphatikiza kwakukulu kuonjezera liwiro lonse ndi magawo okhudzana ndi magalimoto pakati pa njira zomwe zilipo. Izi zidzapereka chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha liwiro, koma sichidzapereka chiwonjezeko mkati mwa gawo limodzi.
Njirazi zimangogwira ntchito limodzi.
2. Ngati mulibe liwiro lokwanira la tchanelo chilichonse kapena mukufuna kuthamanga kwambiri, sankhani zowonjezera. Ma aggregators amawononga zomwezo, koma amatha kuchita zochepa.
Source: www.habr.com