Njira 10 zosungira pa IT kwa aliyense

Zinali 2013. Ndinabwera kudzagwira ntchito ku kampani imodzi yachitukuko yomwe imapanga mapulogalamu a ogwiritsa ntchito payekha. Adandiuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma chomaliza chomwe ndimayembekezera kuwona ndi zomwe ndidawona: makina 32 apamwamba kwambiri pa VDS yobwereka ndiye yodula kwambiri, ziphaso zitatu zaulere za Photoshop, 2 Corel, zolipira komanso zosagwiritsidwa ntchito patelefoni ya IP, ndi zina. zinthu zazing'ono. M'mwezi woyamba "ndinachepetsa mtengo" wa zomangamanga ndi ma ruble 230, wachiwiri pafupifupi 150 (zikwi), ndiye kulimba mtima kunatha, kukhathamiritsa kunayamba ndipo pamapeto pake tidapulumutsa theka la miliyoni m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Zochitikazo zidatilimbikitsa ndipo tinayamba kufunafuna njira zatsopano zopulumutsira. Tsopano ndimagwira ntchito kumalo ena (ndikuganiza kuti), kotero ndi chikumbumtima choyera ndingathe kuuza dziko lonse za zomwe ndakumana nazo. Ndipo mumagawana, tiyeni tipange zida za IT kukhala zotsika mtengo komanso zogwira mtima!

"Ubweya womaliza walandidwa ndi mtengo wanu wa ma seva, ziphaso, katundu wa IT ndi kutumiza kunja," CFO idadandaula ndikukakamiza kukonzekera ndi kukonza bajeti.

1. Khalani wachabechabe - mapulani ndi bajeti.

Kukonzekera bajeti kwa malo a IT a kampani yanu ndikotopetsa, ndipo kugwirizanitsa nthawi zina kumakhala koopsa. Koma kukhala ndi bajeti ndikotsimikizika kukutetezani ku:

• kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira zida ndi mapulogalamu (ngakhale pali kukhathamiritsa kotala, koma pamenepo mutha kuteteza udindo wanu)
• kusakhutira kwa wotsogolera zachuma kapena dipatimenti yowerengera ndalama panthawi yogula kapena kubwereketsa chinthu china chothandizira
• mkwiyo wa manejala chifukwa cha ndalama zosakonzekera.

Ndikofunika kupanga bajeti osati m'makampani akuluakulu - kwenikweni mu kampani iliyonse. Sonkhanitsani zofunikira zamapulogalamu ndi ma hardware kuchokera kumadipatimenti onse, kuwerengera kuchuluka komwe kukufunika, lingalirani zakusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, malo anu oimbira foni kapena chithandizo chikuwonjezeka panthawi yotanganidwa ndikuchepa nthawi yaulere), lungamitsani. ndalama ndikupanga dongosolo la bajeti lomwe limagawidwa ndi nthawi (moyenera - pamwezi). Mwanjira iyi mudzadziwa ndendende ndalama zomwe mudzalandira pantchito zanu zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndikuwonjezera ndalama.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito bajeti yanu mwanzeru

Pambuyo pa kuvomerezana kwa bajeti ndikusaina, pali chiyeso cha gehena chogawanso ndalama ndipo, mwachitsanzo, kutsanulira bajeti yonse mu seva yamtengo wapatali yomwe mungathe kuyika ma DevOps onse ndi kuyang'anira ndi zipata :) Pankhaniyi, mungapeze. wekha m'njira yosowa zopangira ntchito zina ndikupeza zambiri. Chifukwa chake, yang'anani kwambiri pazosowa zenizeni ndi zovuta zamabizinesi zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu yamakompyuta kuti ithetse.

3. Sinthani ma seva anu pa nthawi yake

Ma seva akale a hardware, komanso pafupifupi, sabweretsa phindu ku bungwe - amadzutsa mafunso okhudzana ndi chitetezo, liwiro ndi luntha. Mumawononga nthawi yochulukirapo, khama komanso ndalama pakubweza zomwe zikusowa, kuchotsa zovuta zachitetezo, pazigamba zina kuti zinthu zifulumire. Chifukwa chake, sinthani zida zanu ndi zida zenizeni - mwachitsanzo, mutha kuchita izi pompano ndi kukwezedwa kwathu "Turbo VPS", sizochititsa manyazi kusonyeza mitengo pa Habré.

Mwa njira, ndakhala ndikukumana ndi zochitika zambiri pomwe seva yachitsulo muofesi inali yankho lopanda chilungamo: mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati amatha kuthetsa mavuto onse pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zenizeni ndikusunga ndalama zambiri.

4. Konzani pafupifupi wosuta zinachitikira

Phunzitsani ogwiritsa ntchito anu onse kupulumutsa magetsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga mosamala. Nazi zitsanzo za kuchuluka kwapadera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito:

• Kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu osafunikira pa "dipatimenti yonse" - ogwiritsa ntchito amapempha kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ngati a mnansi wawo chifukwa amawafuna, kapena kungotumiza mafomu ngati "7 Photoshop malayisensi a dipatimenti yokonza." Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu anayi amagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti yojambula ndi Photoshop, ndipo atatu otsalawo ndi okonza masanjidwe, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kugula malayisensi 4 ndi kuthetsa mavuto 1-2 pachaka mothandizidwa ndi anzawo. Koma nthawi zambiri nkhaniyi imachitika ndi mapulogalamu aofesi (makamaka phukusi la MS Office, lomwe aliyense amafunikira mokwanira). M'malo mwake, antchito ambiri amatha kukhala ndi osintha otsegula kapena Google Docs.
• Ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi zinthu zenizeni ndipo amadya zonse zomwe abwereka - mwachitsanzo, oyesa amakonda kupanga makina odzaza ndi kuyiwala kuzimitsa, ndipo opanga samanyoza izi. Chinsinsicho ndi chosavuta: pochoka, zimitsani aliyense :)
• Ogwiritsa ntchito ma seva akampaniyo ngati malo osungira mafayilo apadziko lonse lapansi: amayika zithunzi (mu RAW), makanema, kuyika nyimbo zamagigabytes, makamaka omwe ali kale kale amatha kupanga seva yaying'ono yamasewera pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yogwirira ntchito (tinatsutsa izi pazipata zamabizinesi moseketsa. njira - idachita bwino kwambiri).
• Okondedwa ogwira ntchito m'njira iliyonse amabweretsa mapulogalamu a pirated kuti agwire ntchito, ndipo apa iwo ali, chindapusa, mavuto ndi apolisi ndi ogulitsa. Gwirani ntchito ndi mwayi ndi ndondomeko, chifukwa zidzakukokeranibe, ngakhale mutapereka mawu amisozi mu canteen yamakampani ndikulemba zikwangwani zolimbikitsa.
• Ogwiritsa ntchito amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi ufulu wofuna chida chilichonse chomwe angafune. Chifukwa chake, mgulu langa lankhondo ndinali ndi renti ya Trello, Asana, Wrike, Basecamp ndi Bitrix24. Chifukwa woyang'anira polojekiti aliyense amasankha chinthu chosavuta kapena chodziwika bwino ku dipatimenti yake. Zotsatira zake, mayankho 5 amathandizidwa, ma tag 5 osiyanasiyana amitengo, maakaunti 5, misika 5 yosiyana ndi makonzedwe, ndi zina zambiri. Palibe kuphatikiza, kugwirizanitsa kapena kudzipangira-kumapeto kwa inu - ma hemorrhoids athunthu aubongo. Chotsatira chake, mogwirizana ndi woyang'anira wamkulu, ndinatseka sitolo, ndinasankha Asana, ndinathandiza kusamuka deta, ndinaphunzitsa anzanga ankhanza ndekha ndikusunga ndalama zambiri, kuphatikizapo khama ndi mitsempha.

Nthawi zambiri, kambiranani ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, aphunzitseni, gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu a maphunziro ndikuyesetsa kuti ntchito yawo ndi ntchito yanu ikhale yosavuta. Pamapeto pake, adzakuthokozani chifukwa chokonza zinthu, ndipo otsogolera adzakuthokozani chifukwa chochepetsa ndalama. Eya, inu, okondedwa anga a Habr, mwina mwawona kuti yankho lamavuto omwe adalembedwa silina kanthu koma kupanga chitetezo chamakampani. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthokoza kwapadera kwa woyang'anira dongosolo (simungathe kuthokoza nokha ...).

5. Phatikizani mayankho amtambo ndi apakompyuta

Kawirikawiri, kutengera kuti ndimagwira ntchito kwa wothandizira alendo ndipo kumapeto kwa nkhaniyo ndili ndi chikhumbo chofuna kukuuzani za malonda abwino a seva yamakampani amtundu uliwonse, ndiyenera kugwedeza mbendera ndikufuula " Zonse ku mitambo!” Koma ndiye ndidzachimwira ziyeneretso zanga za uinjiniya ndipo ndidzawoneka ngati wotsatsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muyandikire nkhaniyi mwanzeru ndikuphatikiza mayankho amtambo ndi apakompyuta. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kubwereka makina a CRM ngati ntchito (SaaS), ndipo malinga ndi kabukuka amawononga ma ruble 1000. pa wogwiritsa ntchito pamwezi - ndalama zokha (ndidzasiya nkhani yokhazikitsa, izi zakambidwa kale pa Habré). Kotero, muzaka zitatu mudzawononga 10 rubles kwa antchito 360, mu 000 - 4, mu 480 - 000, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi yomweyo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito CRM yapakompyuta polipira ziphaso zopikisana (+5 ndalama) pafupifupi ma ruble 600 zikwi. ndi kutumikira ngati photoshop yomweyo. Nthawi zina zopindulitsa pazaka 000-100 zimakhala zochititsa chidwi.

Ndipo mosemphanitsa, matekinoloje amtambo nthawi zambiri amakulolani kuti mupulumutse pa hardware, malipiro a injiniya, nkhani zoteteza deta (koma osasunga pa izo nkomwe!), ndi kukulitsa. Zida zamtambo ndizosavuta kulumikiza ndikuzimitsa, ndalama zamtambo sizimagwera pamtengo wamakampani - makamaka, pali zabwino zambiri. Sankhani njira zamtambo pamene kukula, mphamvu, ndi kusinthasintha zimakhala zomveka.

Werengani, phatikizani ndikusankha kuphatikiza kopambana - sindipereka njira yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndizosiyana pabizinesi iliyonse: anthu ena amasiya mitambo kwathunthu, ena amamanga bizinesi yawo yonse m'mitambo. Mwa njira, musakane zosintha zamapulogalamu (ngakhale zolipira) - monga lamulo, opanga mapulogalamu abizinesi amatulutsa mitundu yokhazikika komanso yogwira ntchito.

Ndipo lamulo lina la mapulogalamu: chotsani mapulogalamu akale omwe amabweretsa zochepa kuposa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito kukonza ndi chithandizo. Pali analogue pamsika kale.

6. Pewani Kubwerezabwereza Mapulogalamu

Ndalankhula kale za machitidwe asanu oyendetsera polojekiti mu zoo yanga ya IT, koma ndiwayika mu ndime yosiyana. Ngati mukukana mapulogalamu ena, sankhani mapulogalamu atsopano - musaiwale kusiya kulipira chakale, pezani mautumiki atsopano - kuthetsa mgwirizano ndi wothandizira wakale, pokhapokha ngati pali malingaliro apadera. Yang'anirani mbiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuchotsa mapulogalamu osagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso obwereza.

Zingakhale zabwino ngati muli ndi dongosolo loyang'anira ndi kusanthula mapulogalamu omwe adayikidwa - mwanjira iyi mutha kuwona zobwereza ndi zovuta zokha. Mwa njira, ntchito yamtunduwu imathandiza kampani kupewa kubwereza ndi kubwereza deta - nthawi zina kufunafuna yemwe walakwitsa kumatenga nthawi yochuluka.

7. Yeretsani zida zanu zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zotumphukira

Yemwe amawerengera zogwiritsidwa ntchito izi: makatiriji, zoyendetsa, mapepala, ma charger, ma UPS, osindikiza, ndi zina. ma tube disks. Koma pachabe. Yambani ndi mapepala ndi osindikiza - kusanthula mbiri yosindikiza ndikupanga maukonde osindikiza kapena MFPs ndi mwayi wapagulu, mudzadabwitsidwa kuchuluka kwa mapepala ndi makatiriji omwe mungasunge komanso kuchuluka kwa mtengo wosindikiza pepala limodzi kudzachepa. Ndipo ayi, uku sikuyamwa ndalama, uku ndikukhathamiritsa kwa njira yofunikira. Palibe amene amaletsa kusindikiza mapepala ndi zolemba pazida zaofesi, koma kusindikiza mabuku omwe mungamve chisoni kugula kapena simukufuna kuwerenga pazenera ndikokwanira.

Kenako, nthawi zonse khalani ndi zinthu zomwe mumagula kuchokera kwa ogulitsa pamtengo wotsika, kuti mukakhala ndi vuto ndi zida, musagule pamitengo yotsika mtengo pamsika wapafupi waukadaulo. Yang'anirani kutsika kwamitengo ndi kutha, sungani zolemba ndikupanga thumba losinthira - mwa njira, ndi lingaliro labwino kukhala ndi thumba lothandizira zida zoyambira muofesi. Chifukwa chakuti simudzatamandidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito, uku ndikutaya ndalama, makamaka m'makampani ogulitsa ndi ntchito.

Ponena za zomangamanga zogwiritsira ntchito, pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri: intaneti ndi mauthenga. Posankha wothandizira, yang'anani zomwe amapereka phukusi, werengani nyenyezi pamitengo, tcherani khutu ku khalidwe la kulankhulana ndi SLA. Oyang'anira ena amasankha kuti asavutike ndikugula, mwachitsanzo, telefoni ya IP mu phukusi yokhala ndi PBX yolipira, yomwe kulembetsa pamwezi kumaperekedwanso. Musakhale aulesi, gulani magalimoto okha ndikuphunzira kugwira ntchito ndi Asterisk - iyi ndiye yabwino kwambiri yomwe idapangidwa m'munda wa VATS komanso yankho lopanda zovuta pamabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati (ngati muli nawo). manja olunjika).

8. Lembani ndi kupanga malangizo ogwira ntchito

Ndi waulesi ndipo m'pofunika. Choyamba, kudzakhala kosavuta kuti mugwire ntchito, ndipo kachiwiri, kusintha kwa obwera kumene kudzakhala kosasunthika. Pomaliza, inu nokha mudzadziwa kuti zomangamanga zanu ndi zaposachedwa, zokhazikika komanso mwadongosolo. Lembani malangizo achitetezo, zolemba zazifupi za ogwiritsa ntchito, FAQs, fotokozani malamulo ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito zida zaofesi. Malangizo omwe alipo ndi okhutiritsa kuposa mawu; mutha kutembenukira kwa iwo nthawi zonse. Mwanjira iyi, mutha kutumiza ulalo ku chikalatacho pafunso lililonse lofunikira ndikusavomereza mkangano wa "Sindinachenjezedwe". Mwanjira iyi mudzapulumutsa zambiri pakuchotsa zolakwika.

9. Gwiritsani ntchito ntchito zakunja

Ngakhale kampani yanu ili ndi dipatimenti yonse ya IT kapena, m'malo mwake, zomangamanga zazing'ono, palibe manyazi kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zakunja. Bwanji osapeza ntchito za akatswiri akuluakulu, apadera muzinthu zovuta, kwa ndalama zochepa, ndiye kuti, popanda kulemba katswiri wotereyu kwa ogwira ntchito. Tulutsani ena a DevOps, ntchito zosindikiza, kuyang'anira tsamba lawebusayiti, ngati muli nalo, thandizo ndi malo oyimbira foni. Mtengo wanu sudzachepa chifukwa cha izi; M'malo mwake, mudzalandira ukatswiri wowonjezera pankhani yolumikizana ndi makontrakitala a chipani chachitatu.

Ngati manejala wanu akuganiza kuti kugulitsa ntchito kunja ndikokwera mtengo, ingomufotokozerani kuchuluka kwake komwe akuyenera kulipira katswiri wodzipereka. Zimagwiradi ntchito.

10. Osalowa nawo gwero lotseguka ndi chitukuko chanu

Ndine injiniya, ndine wopanga kale, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi gwero lotseguka lomwe limapulumutsa dziko lapansi - ndi mtengo wanji wamalaibulale, machitidwe oyang'anira, machitidwe oyang'anira seva, ndi zina zambiri. Koma ngati kampani yanu ikuganiza zogula CRM, ERP, ECM, ndi zina zotero. kapena abwana akufuula pamsonkhano kuti muwononge ndalama zanu, sungani sitimayo, ikupita ku matanthwe. Nazi zifukwa zomwe mungayime pamaso pa mtsogoleri wowuziridwa ndi kuyang'ana koyaka:

• gwero lotseguka silimathandizidwa bwino ngati ndi malo osungira anthu ambiri kapena ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuthandizira ngati lili lotseguka kuchokera kumakampani (DBMS, suites office, etc.) - mudzalipira kwenikweni pafunso lililonse, pempho ndi tikiti;
• Katswiri wamkati wotumizira mankhwala otseguka amkati adzakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa chosowa;
• kusintha kwa gwero lotseguka kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndi chidziwitso, luso, kapena ngakhale kupatsidwa chilolezo;
• Zidzakutengerani nthawi yayitali kuti muyambe ndi gwero lotseguka ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kuti musinthe kuti zigwirizane ndi bizinesi.

Mosafunikira kunena, kupanga zanu ndi ntchito yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo? Kuchokera pazomwe ndakumana nazo, nditha kunena kuti zimatenga zaka zosachepera zitatu kuti apange chithunzi chogwira ntchito chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamabizinesi ndikulola ogwiritsa ntchito kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo pokhapokha ngati muli ndi gulu labwino la olemba mapulogalamu (mutha kuyang'ana malipiro pa "My Circle" - mapeto adzafika kwa inu).

Kotero ndidzakhala woletsa ndikubwereza: ganizirani zonse zomwe mungasankhe.

Chifukwa chake, ndiroleni ndifotokoze mwachidule kuti nditsimikizire kuti sindinayiwale kalikonse:

• kuwerengera ndalama - yerekezerani zosankha zosiyanasiyana, ganizirani zinthu, yerekezerani;
• yesetsani kuchepetsa nthawi yothandizira ndi kuphunzitsa ogwiritsa ntchito, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha "kulowererapo kwa chitsiru";
• yesetsani kuphatikizira ndi kuphatikizira matekinoloje - mapangidwe ogwirizana ndi kutha-kumapeto kumapangitsa kusiyana;
• khalani ndi chitukuko cha IT, musakhale ndi matekinoloje achikale - adzayamwa ndalama;
• kugwirizanitsa kufunikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha IT.

Mungafunse - bwanji kusunga ndalama za anthu ena, popeza ofesi imalipira? Funso lomveka! Koma kutha kwanu kukhathamiritsa mtengo ndikuwongolera katundu wa IT moyenera ndizomwe mumakumana nazo komanso mawonekedwe anu ngati katswiri. Tonse tikudziwa kupanga maswiti kuchokera kuzinthu zopanda pake pano :)

У RUVDS ndikungokweza kwa WOW monga chifukwa chabwino chopititsira patsogolo mphamvu zenizeni. Lowani, yang'anani, sankhani - ndi ochepa kwambiri omwe atsala mpaka 30 Epulo.

Kwa ena - achikhalidwe kuchotsera 10% kuchotsera pogwiritsa ntchito nambala yotsatsira habrahabr10.

Source: www.habr.com