Kodi ndizotheka kuti nyengo yozizira ya cryptocurrency idakhala nthawi yabwino kwambiri yaukadaulo wa blockchain? Takulandilani ku 2019, chaka cha kusinthana kwapakati (DEX)!
Aliyense amene ali ndi chochita ndi ma cryptocurrencies kapena ukadaulo wa blockchain akukumana ndi nyengo yachisanu, yomwe ikuwonekera pamitengo yamitengo ya ndalama zodziwika bwino osati zodziwika bwino ngati mapiri oundana (pafupifupi.:POk, anamasulira, zinthu zasintha kale pang'ono ...). Chisangalalo chadutsa, kuwira kwaphulika, ndipo utsi wapita. Komabe, si zoipa zonse. Ukadaulo ukupitilizabe kusinthika ndikupeza mayankho monga kusinthana kwapakati (DEX - Dkhazikitsa pakati Exkusintha), zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zisinthe kwambiri chilengedwe cha cryptocurrency mu 2019.
Kodi kusinthana kwapakati ndi chiyani?
Mutha kudabwa. Pa nsanja zamalonda zapakati, CEX (kapena Centralized Exchanges., Zindikirani: mu CEX choyambirira ndi chidule, sichiyenera kusokonezedwa ndi dzina la kusinthanitsa kotchuka CEX.io), mwiniwake wa nsanja ndi mkhalapakati chabe, mtundu wa crypto-banki. Iye ali ndi udindo wosunga ndi kuyang'anira ndalama zonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa papulatifomu. CEX nthawi zambiri imakhala nsanja yodziwika bwino komanso yofikirika, yopereka ndalama zambiri komanso zida zosiyanasiyana zogulitsira. Pulatifomu imakhalanso ngati chipata pakati pa ndalama za fiat ndi crypto assets.
Komabe, monga okonda crypto, timadziwa kuopsa kwa centralization ndi kudalira oyimira pakati, mwachitsanzo, imfa ya woyambitsa Quadriga kuwombola ndi kutayika kwa makiyi a chikwama chomwe ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zidasungidwa. Pankhani ya nsanja yapakati, imakhala gawo limodzi lolephera kapena kufufuza.
DEX ikufuna kuthetsa omenyera ufulu komanso kulephera kumodzi, pochita zochitika mwachindunji pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito, pa blockchain palokha, yomwe ili pansi pa nsanja, kudutsa nsanja yamalonda. Chifukwa chake cholinga chachikulu cha DEX ndikungopereka maziko kwa ogula katundu kuti apeze ogulitsa ndi mosemphanitsa.
Ubwino waukulu wa DEX pa CEX ndiwodziwikiratu:
- "kudalirika". Palibenso kufunika kwa mkhalapakati. Choncho, ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi udindo wa ndalama zawo, osati nsanja yapakati (omwe wotsogolera akhoza kufa, makiyi akhoza kubedwa kapena kuthyoledwa);
- Popeza ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi udindo pa ndalama zawo ndipo palibe munthu wapakati pa nsanja, palibe mwayi wowunikira (ma depositi sangawumitsidwe ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito atsekedwa), palibe kutsimikizira (KYC) komwe kumafunikira kuti mupeze mwayi wogulitsa, ndi onse. malonda ndi "osadziwika", popeza palibe "woyang'anira" kapena bungwe lolamulira;
- ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mu DEX mutha kusinthana mtundu uliwonse pakati pa katundu (malinga ngati wogula ndi wogulitsa akufanana), kotero kuti simukuchepetsedwa ndi mindandanda yachidacho monga mu CEX (pafupifupi.: muzochitika izi sizili choncho, apa wolemba amangoganizira pang'ono ndikulongosola chithunzithunzi chokhazikika, chomwe tsopano ndi chotheka pokhapokha ngati pali kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa atomiki pakati pa maunyolo.);
Koma monga mwambi wakale umati, "si zonse zonyezimira ndi golide" Matekinoloje apano a DEX ali ndi zovuta zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Choyamba, DEX pakadali pano sinakonzedwenso kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Ife akatswiri titha kukhala omasuka kugwiritsa ntchito zikwama, makiyi oyang'anira, mawu ambewu ndi kusaina, koma ogwiritsa ntchito wamba amawopa izi.
Komanso, popeza malonda ndi anzawo, kusinthana kwina kumafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azikhala pa intaneti kuti amalize kuyitanitsa (zikumveka ngati zopenga, sichoncho?). UX ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ma cryptocurrency angoyamba kumene amakonda CEX kuposa DEX pochita malonda a crypto asset. Ndipo chifukwa cha UI/UX yoyipa, DEX ili ndi ndalama zochepa pazambiri zonse zomwe zagulitsidwa.
Apanso, ngati mwaiwala zambiri zazing'onozi, malonda mu DEX ndi anzawo, kotero ngati mukufuna kusinthana BTC ndi LTC, muyenera kupeza kasitomala wokonzeka kusinthanitsa Litecoins pamtengo wanu wa Bitcoin. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta (kunena mofatsa) pandalama zina kapena ngati kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito DEX kuli kochepa. Ndipo kotero, zonsezi, pamodzi ndi magwiridwe antchito ochepa a DEXs ambiri (ma blockchains pachimake), amayika chotchinga chosagonjetseka panjira yotengera msika wambiri.
Choncho:
Zamgululi (chapakati):
- Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
- Zogulitsa Zapamwamba
- High liquidity
- Mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi ndalama za fiat (malonda, zolowetsa / zotuluka)
DEX (decentralized):
- Zovuta kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito
- Zosankha zoyambira zokha
- Low liquidity
- Sizingatheke kugwira ntchito ndi ndalama wamba
Mwamwayi, zovuta zonsezi zitha kuwongoleredwa, zomwe ndizomwe mapulojekiti atsopano akuyesera kuchita. Koma zambiri pa izi pambuyo pake; choyamba, tiyeni tiwone momwe zinthu zilili pano. Kodi ma DEX apano amapangidwa bwanji? Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zopangira DEX.
Buku loyitanitsa pa unyolo ndi zokhazikika
Uku kunali kamangidwe ka m'badwo woyamba wa DEX. Mwa mawu osavuta, uku ndikusinthanitsa, kwathunthu pamwamba pa blockchain. Zochita zonse - dongosolo lililonse la malonda, kusintha kwa chikhalidwe - zonse zimalembedwa mu blockchain ngati zochitika. Chifukwa chake, kusinthanitsa konseko kumayendetsedwa ndi mgwirizano wanzeru, womwe uli ndi udindo woyika malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito, kutseka ndalama, kufananiza madongosolo, ndikuchita malonda. Njirayi imatsimikizira kugawidwa, kudalira ndi chitetezo, kusamutsa mfundo zazikulu za blockchain ku ntchito zonse za DEX pamwamba pake. (pafupifupi.: mfundo, uku ndi kusinthanitsa kwenikweni decentralized, kwathunthu zogwirizana ndi mzimu ndi akamanena za njira imeneyi. Choyipa ndichakuti zomwe zidachitikazo zinali pamwamba pa blockchains zoyambirira komanso zopanda ungwiro. Monga chitsanzo cha yankho labwino, titha kutchula BitShares ndi Stellar).
Komabe, zomanga izi zimapangitsa nsanja:
- kuchepa kwamadzi - dongosolo alibe voliyumu zokwanira kwa zida;
- pang'onopang'ono - Cholepheretsa mukamayitanitsa mu DEX ndiye mgwirizano wanzeru ndi bandwidth ya netiweki. Tangoganizani ntchito pa decentralized stock kuwombola monga chonchi;
- wokondedwa - ntchito iliyonse yomwe imasintha dziko imatanthauza kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wanzeru ndi kulipira mtengo wa gasi;
- "mwa kupanga" ndikulephera kuyanjana ndi nsanja zina, ndipo izi ndizochepa kwambiri.
Ndikutanthauza chiyani ndikalephera kuyanjana? Ndipo chowonadi ndi chakuti mumtundu uwu wa DEX mutha kungosinthana zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku blockchain ndi mapangano anzeru a nsanja ya DEX, pokhapokha ngati njira zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi intaneti. Choncho, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito Ethereum kwa DEX, ndiye kudzera pa nsanjayi tidzatha kusinthanitsa zizindikiro zochokera ku Ethereum blockchain.
Komanso, ma DEX omangidwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthanitsa ma tokeni ochepa (mwachitsanzo, ERC20 ndi ERC721 okha), zomwe zimayika zoletsa zazikulu pazachuma zomwe zikugulitsidwa. Zitsanzo za nsanja zotere ndi DEX.tor (pafupifupi.: wotchuka kwambiri komabe EtherDelta/ForkDelta), kapena kusinthanitsa kutengera muyezo wa EIP823 (pafupifupi.: kuyesa kuyimitsa mawonekedwe anzeru a mgwirizano pakugulitsa ma tokeni a ERC-20).
Popeza sizinthu zonse zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa Ethereum, ndiloleni ndikugawireni chitsanzo cha DEX yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi pa blockchain ina yotchuka, EOS. Tokena pakadali pano ndiye kukhazikitsa koyamba kwa unyolo wa DEX womwe umagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapakatikati kuti achepetse ndalama zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amalipira.
Buku la Off-chain Order ndi kuwerengera pa unyolo
Njirayi imatsatiridwa ndi ma DEX omangidwa pama protocol achiwiri pamwamba pa blockchain yoyambira. Mwachitsanzo, 0x protocol pamwamba pa Ethereum. Zochita zimachitidwa pa ether (kapena pa netiweki ina iliyonse yothandizidwa ndi ma node otumizirana)pafupifupi.: Version 2.0 ya protocol tsopano yakhazikitsidwa ndipo akukonzekera kuphatikiza ndalama pa Ethereum (ndi mafoloko ake) ndi EOS.), ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amapeza mwayi wolamulira ndalama zawo mpaka pamene ntchito yogulitsa malonda itatha (palibe chifukwa choletsa ndalama mpaka dongosololo litsirizidwa). Mabuku oyitanitsa mu chiwembuchi amasungidwa pamalo otumizirana mauthenga, omwe amalandila komishoni pa izi. Amawulutsa dongosolo lililonse latsopano, kuphatikiza ndalama zonse zamakina ndikupanga njira yodalirika yogulitsira. Atalandira dongosolo, wopanga msika amadikirira mbali yachiwiri ya malondawo, ndipo pambuyo pake malondawo amachitidwa mkati mwa 0x smart contract ndipo mbiri yamalonda imalowetsedwa mu blockchain.
Njira yopangira izi imabweretsa chindapusa chochepa chifukwa madongosolo atsopano kapena zosintha zamadongosolo sizifuna kuti gasi azilipiridwa, ndipo ndalama ziwiri zokha zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa ndizomwe zimatumizirana mauthenga omwe adathandizira malonda ndi gasi wofunikira kuti azitha kusinthana pakati pawo. ogwiritsa ntchito pamanetiweki a blockchain. Mu protocol ya 0x, iliyonse (pafupifupi.: zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi wochita malonda) amatha kukhala njira yolumikizirana ndikupeza zizindikiro zowonjezera zopangira malonda, motero amaphimba ma komisheni amalonda awo. Kuonjezera apo, kuti malonda akuchitika kunja kwa unyolo amathetsa vuto la blockchain ndi machitidwe anzeru a mgwirizano omwe tidawona mu DEXs zochokera ku Ethereum.
Apanso, chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zamtundu uwu wa DEX ndi kusowa kolumikizana ndi nsanja zina. Pankhani ya DEX yochokera ku 0x protocol, tikhoza kugulitsa zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala pa intaneti ya Ethereum. Komanso, malingana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwapadera kwa DEX, pangakhale zoletsa zina pamiyezo ya zizindikiro zomwe timaloledwa kugulitsa (makamaka zonse zimafuna malonda a zizindikiro za ERC-20 kapena ERC-721). Chitsanzo chabwino cha DEX yochokera ku 0x ndi projekiti ya Radar Relay.
Kuti tithe kuyanjana ndi maunyolo ena, tiyenera kuthetsa vuto lina - kupezeka kwa deta. Ma DEX omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira ndi kukonza madongosolo amagawira ntchitoyi kuti atumize ma node, omwe amatha kusokoneza dongosolo loyipa kapena ziwopsezo zina, kusiya dongosolo lonselo kukhala pachiwopsezo.
Chifukwa chake, mfundo zazikulu zamtundu uwu wa DEX:
- Zimagwira ntchito ndi mndandanda wochepa wa zida zogwiritsira ntchito
- Makomiti ang'onoang'ono
- Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri
- More liquidity
- Palibe kutsekereza ndalama za amalonda
Mapangano anzeru ndi nkhokwe
Mtundu uwu wa DEX umakwaniritsa mitundu iwiri yam'mbuyomu yamapulatifomu, ndipo idapangidwa kuti ithetse, choyamba, vuto la kuchepa kwa ndalama. Pogwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zanzeru, m'malo mofunafuna mwachindunji wogula katundu, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusinthana ndi nkhokweyo poika Bitcoin (kapena katundu wina) m'malo osungiramo ndikulandila katundu wofananira nawo. Izi zikufanana ndi banki yokhazikitsidwa yomwe imapereka ndalama kudongosolo. Malo osungiramo mgwirizano wanzeru mu DEX ndi njira yothetsera vuto la "zolakalaka" ndikutsegula ma tokeni osagwirizana ndi malonda. Zolakwa?
Izi zimafuna munthu wina kuti akhale ngati banki ndikupereka ndalamazi kapena kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zoyendetsera zinthu zotsogola kuti ogwiritsa ntchito athe kutseka gawo lina landalama zawo chifukwa cha DEX liquidity ndi kugawa kasamalidwe ka malo osungira. Bancor (decentralized liquidity network) ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha njira iyi (pafupifupi.: ndi kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwambiri. Tikuyembekezeranso kukhazikitsidwa kwa projekiti ya Minter posachedwa, pomwe izi zimakhazikitsidwa pamlingo wa protocol yoyambira pamaneti omwewo.).
Zosiyanasiyana:
- Kumawonjezera liquidity
- Imathandizira zizindikiro zambiri zosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi
- Mulingo wina wa centralization
New wave DEX
Tsopano mukudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana zamamangidwe a DEX ndi kukhazikitsa kwawo. Komabe, nchifukwa ninji kutchuka kochepa kwa mayankho otere, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa ubwino wamphamvu? Zovuta zazikulu zamapulojekiti apano ndizovuta kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kuyanjana ndi UX. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zikulonjeza zomwe zili patsogolo pa DEX ndi chitukuko cha blockchain.
Nkhani zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa mum'badwo wotsatira wa DEX:
- Scalability
- Liquidity
- ngakhale
- UX
Monga tikuwonera, chimodzi mwazoletsa zazikulu pamapangidwe a DEX chinali scalability.
Pa unyolo wa DEX, tili ndi zoletsa pamakontrakitala ndi netiweki yokha, pomwe unyolo wopanda unyolo umafunikira ma protocol owonjezera. Kukula kwa nsanja za blockchain za m'badwo wotsatira monga NEO, NEM kapena Ethereum 2.0 zithandizira kupanga ma DEX ochulukirapo.
Tiyeni tiyang'ane pang'ono pa Ethereum 2.0. Chiwongoladzanja chodalirika kwambiri ndi sharding. Sharding amagawa maukonde a Ethereum kukhala ma subnets (shards) ndi mgwirizano wamba, kotero kuti kutsimikizira chipika sichiyeneranso kuchitidwa ndi node iliyonse pa intaneti, koma ndi mamembala a shard yomweyo. Mofananamo, ma shards odziimira okha amalumikizana wina ndi mzake kuti akwaniritse mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pa intaneti. Kuti izi zitheke, Ethereum adzafunika kuchoka ku mgwirizano wa Umboni wa Ntchito ku mgwirizano wa Umboni wa Umboni (omwe tikuyembekeza kuwona miyezi ingapo yotsatira).
Ethereum akuyembekezeredwa kuti azitha kuchitapo kanthu pa 15 pa sekondi imodzi (yomwe siili yoyipa pakukhazikitsa DEX wamba).
Kugwirizana ndi ma protocol a crosschain
Ndiye, tili ndi scalability yophimbidwa, koma nanga bwanji kuyanjana? Titha kukhala ndi nsanja yowopsa kwambiri ya Ethereum, koma titha kungogulitsa ma tokeni ozikidwa pa Ethereum. Apa ndipamene mapulojekiti monga Cosmos ndi Polkadot amayamba kugwira ntchito (pafupifupi.: Nkhaniyi ikukonzedwa, Cosmos inali italowa kale pagawo la ntchito yeniyeni, kotero titha kuunika kale mphamvu zake.). Ntchitozi zimafuna kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsanja za blockchain, monga Ethereum ndi Bitcoin, kapena NEM ndi ZCash.
Cosmos yakhazikitsa protocol ya Inter Blockchain Communication (IBC), yomwe imalola blockchain imodzi kulumikizana ndi maukonde ena. Maukondewa amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kudzera mu IBC ndi node yapakatikati, Cosmos Hub (kukhazikitsa zomanga zofanana ndi 0x).
Chain Relays ndi gawo laukadaulo mu IBC lomwe limalola blockchains kuwerenga ndikutsimikizira zochitika pama blockchains ena. Tangoganizani kuti mgwirizano wanzeru pa Ethereum akufuna kudziwa ngati ntchito yeniyeni yatha pa maukonde a Bitcoin, ndiye imakhulupirira chitsimikiziro ichi ku mfundo ina ya Relay Chain yomwe ikugwirizana ndi intaneti yomwe mukufuna ndipo ikhoza kuyang'ana ngati ntchitoyi yatha kale. ndikuphatikizidwa mu blockchain bitcoin.
Pomaliza, Peg Zones ndi ma node omwe amakhala ngati zipata pakati pa blockchains zosiyanasiyana ndikulola network ya Cosmos kuti ilumikizane ndi ma blockchains ena. Peg Zones imafuna mgwirizano wanzeru paunyolo uliwonse wolumikizidwa kuti muthe kusinthana kwa cryptocurrency pakati pawo.
Nanga bwanji Polkadot?
Polkadot ndi Cosmos amagwiritsa ntchito njira zofanana. Amamanga ma blockchains apakatikati omwe amayenda pamwamba pa maukonde ena ndi ma protocol ogwirizana. Pankhani ya Polkadot, madera omangiriza amatchedwa Bridges, ndipo amagwiritsanso ntchito ma relay node polumikizana pakati pa blockchains. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi momwe amakonzekera kugwirizanitsa maukonde osiyanasiyana pamene akusunga chitetezo.
Njira ya Polkadot pachitetezo cha netiweki idakhazikitsidwa pakulumikizana ndikugawana pakati pa maunyolo. Izi zimalola maunyolo amtundu uliwonse kuti athandizire chitetezo chamagulu onse popanda kuyambiranso (pafupifupi.: Mphindi yovuta kwambiri komanso yosamvetsetseka kwa wolemba. Poyambirira "Ndi Polkadot chitetezo cha netiweki chimaphatikizidwa ndikugawidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maunyolo paokha amatha kulimbikitsa chitetezo chamagulu onse osayamba kuyambira pachimake kuti atengeke komanso kudalira. β Timaona kuti n'zovuta kufotokoza ndondomeko ya ntchito ya Polkadot m'mawu osavuta; pakali pano ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zovuta kwambiri ndipo ikadali mu gawo la kafukufuku. Zida zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chitetezo" m'malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzimvetsetsa. Pali kufananitsa kwabwinoko pang'ono kwa machitidwe awiriwa, mwachitsanzo, ).
matekinoloje amenewa akadali mu chitukuko, kotero ife sitidzawona, kwa miyezi ingapo, ntchito zenizeni kuwombola anamanga pa interoperability ndondomeko izi ndi kulola kusinthanitsa katundu pakati pa maukonde osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ubwino wa matekinoloje otere ndi osangalatsa kwambiri pakukhazikitsa m'badwo wotsatira wa DEXs.
Liquidity kudzera kusungitsa
Mofanana ndi ma contract anzeru osungika, tili ndi mtundu wina wa DEX womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ma blockchain odziyimira pawokha ngati maziko osinthira zinthu, monga Waves, Stellar kapena Ripple.
Mapulatifomuwa amalola kusinthanitsa kwazinthu ziwiri zilizonse (zamtundu uliwonse) pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapakatikati. Mwanjira iyi, ngati ndikufuna kusinthanitsa Bitcoins kwa Ethers, chizindikiro chapakati chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa katundu awiriwa kuti amalize kugulitsa. Kwenikweni, kukhazikitsidwa kwa DEX kumeneku kumagwira ntchito ngati njira yopezera njira yomwe, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapakatikati, ikufuna kupeza njira yayifupi kwambiri (yotsika mtengo) yosinthira katundu wina ndi mnzake. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumakulitsa kufananiza kwa ogula ndi ogulitsa, kumawonjezera ndalama, komanso kulola zida zina zovuta zamalonda (chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito blockchain yodzipatulira, yodzipatulira m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito intaneti). Mwachitsanzo, Binance (pafupifupi.: imodzi mwamisika yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya crypto) anachita chimodzimodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito blockchain yosiyana ya polojekiti yake yatsopano Binance DEX (pafupifupi.: idakhazikitsidwa sabata yapitayo). Kusinthanitsa kotsogola kukuyesera kuthetsa mavuto onse a DEXes amakono chifukwa cha mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kuthamanga kwaunyolo komwe kumatsimikizira midadada mkati mwa sekondi imodzi (pafupifupi.: mkati, imagwiritsa ntchito Tendermint network layer ndi pBFT mgwirizano, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti chipika chovomerezeka chimakhala chomaliza ndipo sichikhoza kulembedwa. Izi zikutanthauzanso kuti posachedwa titha kuyembekezera kuphatikizidwa ndi maukonde ena kudzera pa netiweki ya Cosmos).
ndemanga: Nkhani yoyambirira imakambanso za mankhwala a kampani yomwe wolembayo amagwira ntchito, ndipo tinapeza kuti gawoli silinali losangalatsa monga gawo loyamba, lomwe limasonyeza bwino njira zamamangidwe a kusinthana kwapakati.
Maulalo ku magwero pamutuwu
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Source: www.habr.com