Pamene "zipewa zakuda" - pokhala dongosolo la nkhalango zakutchire za pa intaneti - zimakhala zopambana makamaka pa ntchito yawo yonyansa, atolankhani achikasu amafuula mokondwera. Zotsatira zake, dziko likuyamba kuyang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo cha pa intaneti. Koma mwatsoka osati nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zochitika zapaintaneti zikuchulukirachulukira, dziko silinakonzekere kuchitapo kanthu. Komabe, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti posachedwapa, chifukwa cha "zipewa zakuda," dziko lidzayamba kuganizira za cybersecurity. [7]
Zowopsa ngati moto… Mizinda inali pachiwopsezo cha moto wowopsa. Komabe, ngakhale zinali zowopsa, njira zodzitchinjiriza sizinatengedwe - ngakhale moto wawukulu ku Chicago mu 1871 utatha, womwe udapha anthu mazanamazana ndikuthamangitsa anthu masauzande ambiri. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza zidatengedwa kokha pakachitikanso tsoka lofananalo, patatha zaka zitatu. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi cybersecurity - dziko silingathetse vutoli pokhapokha ngati pachitika zoopsa. Koma ngakhale ngati zimenezi zitachitika, dziko silingathetse vutoli mwamsanga. [7] Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mawu oti: “Mpaka pakachitika kachilombo, munthu sagwidwa chigamba,” sagwira ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake mu 2018 tinakondwerera zaka 30 zakusowa chitetezo.
Kukoka kwachikale
Kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, yomwe ndidalemba poyambirira magazini ya System Administrator, idakhala ulosi mwanjira ina. Magazini yomwe ili ndi nkhaniyi kwenikweni tsiku ndi tsiku ndi moto womvetsa chisoni mu malo ogulitsa Kemerovo "Winter Cherry" (2018, March 20th).
Ikani intaneti pakadutsa mphindi 30
Kalelo mu 1988, gulu lodziwika bwino la hacker galaxy L0pht, likulankhula mwamphamvu pamsonkhano wa akuluakulu a mayiko a Kumadzulo, linalengeza kuti: "Zipangizo zanu zapakompyuta zimakhala zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti. Ndi mapulogalamu, ndi hardware, ndi telecommunication. Ogulitsa awo sakhudzidwa nkomwe ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Chifukwa malamulo amakono sapereka udindo uliwonse panjira yosasamala pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha cybersecurity cha mapulogalamu opangidwa ndi hardware. Udindo wa zolephera zomwe zingatheke (kaya zangochitika zokha kapena chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu ophwanya malamulo pa intaneti) ndi wogwiritsa ntchito zidazo. Ponena za boma la federal, ilibe luso kapena chikhumbo chofuna kuthetsa vutoli. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna cybersecurity, ndiye kuti intaneti simalo oti muyipeze. Aliyense mwa anthu asanu ndi awiri omwe akukhala patsogolo panu amatha kuswa intaneti ndipo, motero, gwirani mphamvu zonse pazida zolumikizidwa nazo. Payekha. Kwa mphindi 30 za makiyi opangidwa ndi choreographed ndipo zatha. ” [7]
Akuluakuluwo anagwedeza mutu mosonyeza kuti akumvetsa kuopsa kwa nkhaniyi, koma sanachite chilichonse. Masiku ano, zaka 30 ndendende pambuyo pa zochitika zodziwika bwino za L0pht, dziko lapansi likadali ndi "kusatetezeka kochuluka." Kubera zida zapakompyuta, zolumikizidwa ndi intaneti ndikosavuta kotero kuti intaneti, yomwe poyamba inali ya asayansi oganiza bwino komanso okonda, pang'onopang'ono yakhala yodzazidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino kwambiri: azachinyengo, akuba, akazitape, zigawenga. Onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito kusatetezeka kwa zida zamakompyuta kuti apindule ndi ndalama kapena zinthu zina. [7]
Ogulitsa amanyalanyaza cybersecurity
Ogulitsa nthawi zina, amayesa kukonza zina mwazovuta zomwe zadziwika, koma amatero monyinyirika. Chifukwa phindu lawo silimachokera ku chitetezo kwa owononga, koma kuchokera ku ntchito zatsopano zomwe amapereka kwa ogula. Pokhala akuyang'ana pa phindu laling'ono chabe, ogulitsa amaika ndalama kuti athetse mavuto enieni, osati ongopeka. Cybersecurity, m'maso mwa ambiri aiwo, ndi chinthu chongopeka. [7]
Cybersecurity ndi chinthu chosawoneka, chosawoneka. Zimakhala zogwirika pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta nazo. Ngati adazisamalira bwino (adawononga ndalama zambiri pakupereka kwake), ndipo palibe zovuta nazo, wogula womaliza sangafune kuzilipira. Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezera pa kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama za ndalama, kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zotetezera kumafuna nthawi yowonjezera yowonjezera, kumafuna kuchepetsa mphamvu za zipangizo, ndipo kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola zake. [8]
Ndikovuta kutsimikizira ngakhale otsatsa athu zomwe zingachitike pamitengo yomwe yatchulidwa, osasiya ogula. Ndipo popeza ogulitsa amakono amangokonda zopindulitsa zanthawi yochepa chabe, safuna konse kutenga udindo wowonetsetsa cybersecurity pazolengedwa zawo. [1] Kumbali inayi, ogulitsa osamala kwambiri omwe asamalira chitetezo cha cybersecurity cha zida zawo akukumana ndi mfundo yakuti ogula makampani amakonda njira zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti. Ndizowonekeratu kuti ogula amakampani samasamalanso zachitetezo cha cybersecurity. [8]
Poganizira zomwe tafotokozazi, n’zosadabwitsa kuti ogulitsa amakonda kunyalanyaza chitetezo cha pa intaneti, ndipo amatsatira mfundo zotsatirazi: “Pitirizani kumanga, pitirizani kugulitsa ndi kumanga zigamba pakafunika kutero. Kodi dongosololi lawonongeka? Zambiri zotayika? Database yokhala ndi manambala a kirediti kadi yabedwa? Kodi pali zovuta zilizonse zomwe zadziwika pazida zanu? Palibe vuto!" Ogula nawonso amayenera kutsatira mfundo yakuti: “Pempherani ndi kupemphera.” [7]
Momwe izi zimachitika: zitsanzo zakuthengo
Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha kunyalanyaza cybersecurity panthawi yachitukuko ndi pulogalamu ya Microsoft yolimbikitsa makampani: "Ngati muphonya nthawi yomaliza, mudzalipidwa. Ngati mulibe nthawi yoti mupereke kutulutsidwa kwa luso lanu pa nthawi yake, sikudzakwaniritsidwa. Ngati sichikuyendetsedwa, simudzalandira magawo a kampani (chidutswa cha pie kuchokera ku phindu la Microsoft). Kuyambira 1993, Microsoft idayamba kulumikiza zinthu zake pa intaneti. Popeza kuti ntchitoyi inkagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi pulogalamu yolimbikitsa yomweyi, magwiridwe antchito adakula mwachangu kuposa momwe chitetezo chimayendera. Kusangalatsa kwa osaka osatetezeka a pragmatic... [7]
Chitsanzo china ndi momwe zilili ndi makompyuta ndi laputopu: samabwera ndi antivayirasi yokhazikitsidwa kale; ndipo samaperekanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawu achinsinsi amphamvu. Zimaganiziridwa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzakhazikitsa antivayirasi ndikuyika magawo okonzekera chitetezo. [1]
Chitsanzo china, choopsa kwambiri: momwe zinthu zilili ndi cybersecurity ya zida zogulitsira (makaundula a ndalama, ma PoS terminals amalo ogulitsira, etc.). Zidachitika kuti ogulitsa zida zamalonda amagulitsa zomwe zimagulitsidwa, osati zomwe zili zotetezeka. [2] Ngati pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe ogulitsa zida zamalonda amasamala za cybersecurity, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ngati pachitika mikangano, udindowo umagwera ena. [3]
Chitsanzo chosonyeza kukula kwa zochitika izi: kutchuka kwa muyezo wa EMV wa makadi a banki, omwe, chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino ya ogulitsa mabanki, amawonekera pamaso pa anthu omwe sali okhwima mwaukadaulo ngati njira yotetezeka ku "akale" maginito makadi. Nthawi yomweyo, chilimbikitso chachikulu chamakampani aku banki, omwe anali ndi udindo wopanga muyezo wa EMV, chinali kusuntha udindo pazachinyengo (zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zamakadi) - kuchokera kumasitolo kupita kwa ogula. Pamene kale (pamene malipiro ankaperekedwa ndi maginito makadi), udindo wa zachuma unali ndi masitolo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa debit / ngongole. [3] Choncho mabanki amene amakonza zolipirira amasamutsa udindowo kwa amalonda (omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabanki akutali) kapena kumabanki omwe amapereka makadi olipirira; aŵiri omalizirawo, nawonso, amasamutsira udindo kwa mwini khadi. [2]
Ogulitsa akulepheretsa cybersecurity
Pamene mawonekedwe a digito akuchulukirachulukira - chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa zida zolumikizidwa ndi intaneti - kuwunika zomwe zalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yamakampani kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mavenda amasintha nkhawa za chitetezo cha zida zonse zolumikizidwa ndi intaneti kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto [1]: "Kupulumutsa anthu omira ndi ntchito ya anthu omira okha."
Sikuti ogulitsa okha samasamala za cybersecurity zomwe adalenga, koma nthawi zina amasokonezanso makonzedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2009, Conficker network worm inadumphira ku Beth Israel Medical Center ndikuyika mbali ina ya zida zamankhwala kumeneko, mkulu wa zachipatala pachipatalachi, pofuna kupewa kuti zochitika zoterezi zisadzachitike m'tsogolomu, adaganiza zothetsa vutoli. ntchito yothandizira pazida zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi nyongolotsi yokhala ndi maukonde. Komabe, adayang'anizana ndi mfundo yakuti "zidazo sizingasinthidwe chifukwa cha malamulo oletsa." Zinamutengera khama kuti akambirane ndi wogulitsa kuti aletse ntchito za netiweki. [4]
Mfundo Zofunikira za Cyber-Insecurity pa intaneti
David Clarke, pulofesa wodziwika bwino wa MIT yemwe mwanzeru adamupatsa dzina loti "Albus Dumbledore," amakumbukira tsiku lomwe mbali yamdima ya intaneti idawululidwa padziko lapansi. Clark anali kutsogolera msonkhano wa telecommunication mu Novembala 1988 pomwe nkhani zidamveka kuti nyongolotsi yoyamba yapakompyuta m'mbiri idadutsa mawaya apa intaneti. Clark anakumbukira nthawiyi chifukwa wokamba nkhani yemwe analipo pamsonkhano wake (wogwira ntchito m'modzi mwa makampani otsogolera matelefoni) anali ndi mlandu chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa nyongolotsiyi. Wokamba nkhani ameneyu, motenthedwa maganizo, ananena mosadziŵa kuti: “Taonani! Ndikuwoneka kuti ndatseka chiwopsezo ichi, "adalipira mawu awa. [5]
Komabe, pambuyo pake zidadziwika kuti kusatetezeka komwe nyongolotsi yotchulidwayo idafalikira sikunali koyenera kwa munthu aliyense payekha. Ndipo izi, kunena mosamalitsa, sizinali zowopsa, koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa intaneti: omwe adayambitsa intaneti, popanga ubongo wawo, adangoyang'ana pa liwiro losamutsa deta komanso kulolerana zolakwika. Iwo sanadzipangire okha ntchito yowonetsetsa kuti cybersecurity. [5]
Masiku ano, patatha zaka zambiri kuchokera pamene Intaneti inakhazikitsidwa, ndipo ndalama zokwana madola mabiliyoni mazana ambiri zagwiritsidwa kale ntchito poyesa chitetezo cha pa Intaneti popanda chifukwa, zilinso zovuta kwambiri. Mavuto ake a cybersecurity akungokulirakulira chaka chilichonse. Komabe, kodi tili ndi ufulu wotsutsa omwe adayambitsa intaneti pa izi? Ndiponsotu, mwachitsanzo, palibe amene angatsutse omanga misewu yothamanga kaamba ka chenicheni chakuti ngozi zimachitika “m’misewu yawo”; ndipo palibe amene adzatsutsa olinganiza mizinda kaamba ka chenicheni chakuti kuba kukuchitika “m’midzi yawo.” [5]
Momwe hacker subculture idabadwa
Chikhalidwe cha hacker chinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, mu "Railway Technical Modeling Club" (yomwe ikugwira ntchito mkati mwa makoma a Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Okonda makalabu adapanga ndikumanga njanji yachitsanzo, yayikulu kwambiri kotero kuti idadzaza chipinda chonsecho. Mamembala a kilabu amangogawika m'magulu awiri: ochita mtendere ndi akatswiri adongosolo. [6]
Woyamba adagwira ntchito ndi gawo lapamwamba lachitsanzo, chachiwiri - ndi mobisa. Oyamba adasonkhanitsa ndi kukongoletsa zitsanzo zamasitima ndi mizinda: adatengera dziko lonse lapansi pang'ono. Wotsirizirayo adagwira ntchito yothandizira ukadaulo pakupanga mtendere uku: zovuta zamawaya, zolumikizirana ndikusintha masiwichi omwe ali mu gawo lapansi lachitsanzo - chilichonse chomwe chimayang'anira gawo la "pamwambapa" ndikulidyetsa ndi mphamvu. [6]
Pakakhala vuto la magalimoto ndipo wina adabwera ndi njira yatsopano komanso yanzeru kuti akonze, yankholo linkatchedwa "kuthyolako." Kwa mamembala a kilabu, kusaka ma hacks atsopano kwakhala tanthauzo lenileni la moyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake anayamba kudzitcha okha "hackers." [6]
Mbadwo woyamba wa ozembetsa anagwiritsa ntchito luso lomwe anapeza ku Simulation Railway Club polemba mapulogalamu apakompyuta pamakadi okhomedwa. Kenako, ARPANET (yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa intaneti) itafika pasukulupo mu 1969, obera adakhala ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso aluso. [6]
Tsopano, zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, intaneti yamakono ikufanana ndi gawo la "pansi pa nthaka" la njanji yachitsanzo. Chifukwa oyambitsa ake anali owononga omwewa, ophunzira a "Railroad Simulation Club". Obera okha okha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mizinda yeniyeni m'malo mongoyerekeza. [6]
Momwe mayendedwe a BGP adakhalira
Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi intaneti, intaneti idayandikira malire olimba a masamu omwe adapangidwa kukhala imodzi mwama protocol oyambira pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake, kukambirana kulikonse pakati pa mainjiniya a nthawiyo pamapeto pake kunasanduka kukambirana za vutoli. Mabwenzi awiri analinso chimodzimodzi: Jacob Rechter (injiniya wa IBM) ndi Kirk Lockheed (woyambitsa Cisco). Atakumana mwangozi patebulo la chakudya chamadzulo, adayamba kukambirana za njira zosungira magwiridwe antchito a intaneti. Anzakewo adalemba malingaliro omwe adabwera pa chilichonse chomwe chidabwera - chopukutira chodetsedwa ndi ketchup. Kenako wachiwiri. Kenako chachitatu. “Njira zitatu zopukutira m’maso,” monga momwe oyambitsa ake ankazitcha mwanthabwala—zodziŵika m’mabwalo a boma kuti BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)—posakhalitsa zinasintha kwambiri Intaneti. [8]
Kwa Rechter ndi Lockheed, BGP idangokhala chinyengo wamba, chopangidwa mumzimu wa Model Railroad Club yomwe tatchulayi, yankho kwakanthawi lomwe lingasinthidwe posachedwa. Mabwanawe adapanga BGP mu 1989. Masiku ano, zaka za 30 pambuyo pake, anthu ambiri pa intaneti akuyendetsedwabe pogwiritsa ntchito "protocol ya napkin itatu" - ngakhale kuyitana koopsa kwa zovuta zokhudzana ndi cybersecurity. Kubera kwakanthawi kudakhala imodzi mwamapulogalamu oyambira pa intaneti, ndipo opanga ake adaphunzira kuchokera pazomwe adakumana nazo kuti "palibe china chokhalitsa kuposa njira zosakhalitsa." [8]
Maukonde padziko lonse lapansi asintha kukhala BGP. Ogulitsa otchuka, makasitomala olemera ndi makampani otumizirana matelefoni adakondana mwachangu ndi BGP ndipo adazolowera. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mabelu akuchulukirachulukira okhudza kusatetezeka kwa protocol iyi, anthu a IT sakuwonetsabe chidwi chosinthira ku zida zatsopano, zotetezeka kwambiri. [8]
Cyber-insecure BGP routing
Chifukwa chiyani mayendedwe a BGP ali abwino kwambiri ndipo chifukwa chiyani gulu la IT silikufulumira kuwasiya? BGP imathandiza ma routers kupanga zisankho za komwe angayendetse mitsinje yayikulu ya data yomwe imatumizidwa pa netiweki yayikulu yamizere yolumikizirana. BGP imathandiza ma routers kusankha njira zoyenera ngakhale maukonde akusintha nthawi zonse ndipo njira zodziwika nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Vuto ndilakuti intaneti ilibe mapu oyendera padziko lonse lapansi. Ma routers omwe amagwiritsa ntchito BGP amapanga zisankho posankha njira imodzi kapena ina kutengera zomwe alandira kuchokera kwa anansi awo pa intaneti, omwe amatolera zambiri kuchokera kwa anansi awo, ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, chidziwitsochi chikhoza kusokonekera mosavuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mayendedwe a BGP ali pachiwopsezo cha MiTM. [8]
Chifukwa chake, mafunso ngati awa amawuka pafupipafupi: "N'chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pakati pa makompyuta awiri ku Denver kudadutsa ku Iceland?", "N'chifukwa chiyani deta ya Pentagon idasamutsidwa podutsa ku Beijing?" Pali mayankho aukadaulo ku mafunso ngati awa, koma onse amatsikira ku mfundo yakuti BGP imagwira ntchito podalira: kudalira malingaliro omwe alandilidwa kuchokera ku ma routers oyandikana nawo. Chifukwa cha kudalirika kwa protocol ya BGP, olamulira achinsinsi amatha kukopa ma data a anthu ena kumadera awo ngati angafune. [8]
Chitsanzo chamoyo ndikuwukira kwa BGP yaku China ku American Pentagon. Mu Epulo 2010, chimphona cha boma cha China Telecom chinatumiza ma routers masauzande ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza 16 ku United States, uthenga wa BGP wowauza kuti ali ndi njira zabwinoko. Popanda dongosolo lomwe lingatsimikizire kutsimikizika kwa uthenga wa BGP kuchokera ku China Telecom, ma routers padziko lonse lapansi adayamba kutumiza deta kudzera ku Beijing. Kuphatikizira magalimoto ochokera ku Pentagon ndi masamba ena a US department of Defense. Kusavuta komwe magalimoto adasinthidwanso komanso kusowa kwa chitetezo chogwira ntchito ku mtundu uwu wa kuukira ndi chizindikiro china cha kusatetezeka kwa njira ya BGP. [8]
Protocol ya BGP ndiyomwe ili pachiwopsezo chowopsa kwambiri cha cyber. Kukachitika kuti mikangano yapadziko lonse ikula kwambiri pa intaneti, China Telecom, kapena kampani ina yaikulu yolumikizirana pa telefoni, ingayese kunena kuti mbali zina za intaneti zomwe sizili zake ndi zaumwini. Kusuntha kotereku kungasokoneze ma routers, omwe amayenera kudumpha pakati pa mabizinesi opikisana pama block omwewo a ma adilesi a intaneti. Popanda kusiyanitsa ntchito yovomerezeka ndi yabodza, ma routers amatha kuchita zinthu molakwika. Chotsatira chake, tikanayang'anizana ndi intaneti yofanana ndi nkhondo ya nyukiliya - chiwonetsero chapoyera, chachikulu cha chidani. Zoterezi panthawi yamtendere zimawoneka ngati zosatheka, koma mwaukadaulo ndizotheka. [8]
Kuyesera kosaphula kanthu kuchoka ku BGP kupita ku BGPSEC
Cybersecurity sinaganizidwe pamene BGP idapangidwa, chifukwa panthawiyo ma hacks anali osowa ndipo kuwonongeka kwawo kunali kopanda pake. Opanga BGP, chifukwa adagwira ntchito kumakampani olumikizirana matelefoni ndipo anali ndi chidwi chogulitsa zida zawo zapaintaneti, anali ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri: kupewa kuwonongeka kwa intaneti. Chifukwa zosokoneza pa intaneti zitha kusokoneza ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikuchepetsa kugulitsa zida zapaintaneti. [8]
Pambuyo pa zomwe zidachitika ndikutumiza kwa asitikali aku America kudutsa Beijing mu Epulo 2010, kuthamanga kwa ntchito yowonetsetsa kuti cybersecurity yamayendedwe a BGP idakula. Komabe, mavenda a telecom awonetsa chidwi chochepa chonyamula ndalama zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusamukira ku njira yatsopano yotetezedwa ya BGPSEC, yomwe yaperekedwa kuti ilowe m'malo mwa BGP yopanda chitetezo. Ogulitsa amawonabe kuti BGP ndi yovomerezeka, ngakhale pali zochitika zambiri zosokoneza magalimoto. [8]
Radia Perlman, wotchedwa "Amayi pa Intaneti" poyambitsa ndondomeko ina yaikulu ya intaneti mu 1988 (chaka chimodzi chisanafike BGP), adalandira ulosi wa udokotala ku MIT. Perlman adaneneratu kuti njira yomwe imadalira kukhulupirika kwa anthu oyandikana nawo pa intaneti ndiyopanda chitetezo. Perlman analimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito cryptography, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kuba. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa BGP kunali kale, anthu otchuka a IT adazolowera, ndipo sanafune kusintha chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa machenjezo omveka ochokera kwa Perlman, Clark ndi akatswiri ena odziwika padziko lonse lapansi, gawo lachibale la njira zotetezedwa za BGP silinachuluke nkomwe, ndipo likadali 0%. [8]
BGP routing siwokhawokha
Ndipo mayendedwe a BGP si njira yokhayo yomwe imatsimikizira lingaliro lakuti "palibe chomwe chili chokhazikika kuposa mayankho akanthawi." Nthawi zina intaneti, yomwe imatilowetsa m'mayiko ongopeka, imawoneka yokongola ngati galimoto yothamanga. Komabe, zenizeni, chifukwa cha ma hacks omwe adawunjikana pamwamba pa mnzake, intaneti ili ngati Frankenstein kuposa Ferrari. Chifukwa ma hacks awa (omwe amatchedwa zigamba) samasinthidwa ndiukadaulo wodalirika. Zotsatira za njirayi ndizovuta kwambiri: tsiku lililonse komanso ola lililonse, zigawenga zapaintaneti zimasokoneza machitidwe omwe ali pachiwopsezo, ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa umbava wapaintaneti kumlingo wosayerekezeka kale. [8]
Zolakwa zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawenga zapaintaneti zadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zasungidwa chifukwa cha chizolowezi cha gulu la IT kuthetsa mavuto omwe akubwera - ndi ma hacks / zigamba kwakanthawi. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha izi, matekinoloje achikale amawunjikana pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake kwa nthawi yayitali, kupangitsa moyo wa anthu kukhala wovuta ndikuyika pachiwopsezo. Kodi mungaganize bwanji mutadziwa kuti banki yanu ikumanga malo ake pamaziko a udzu ndi matope? Kodi mungamukhulupirire kuti adzasunga ndalama zanu? [8]
Makhalidwe osasamala a Linus Torvalds
Zinatenga zaka zambiri kuti intaneti ifike pamakompyuta ake zana loyamba. Masiku ano, makompyuta atsopano 100 ndi zipangizo zina amalumikizidwa kwa sekondi iliyonse. Pomwe zida zolumikizidwa ndi intaneti zikuchulukira, momwemonso nkhani zachitetezo cha pa intaneti zimakulirakulira. Komabe, munthu amene angathandize kwambiri kuthetsa mavutowa ndi amene amaona cybersecurity monyansidwa. Munthu ameneyu amatchedwa wanzeru, wovutitsa anthu, mtsogoleri wauzimu komanso wolamulira wankhanza wachifundo. Linus Torvalds. Zida zambiri zolumikizidwa pa intaneti zimayendetsa makina ake ogwiritsira ntchito, Linux. Yachangu, yosinthika, yaulere - Linux ikukhala yotchuka kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakhala yokhazikika kwambiri. Ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito popanda kuyambiranso kwazaka zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Linux ili ndi mwayi wokhala makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Pafupifupi zida zonse zamakompyuta zomwe tili nazo masiku ano zili ndi Linux: maseva, zida zamankhwala, makompyuta owuluka, ma drones ang'onoang'ono, ndege zankhondo ndi zina zambiri. [9]
Linux imachita bwino chifukwa Torvalds imagogomezera magwiridwe antchito komanso kulolerana kwa zolakwika. Komabe, akugogomezera izi ndikuwononga cybersecurity. Ngakhale cyberpace komanso dziko lenileni lolumikizana komanso cybersecurity ikukhala nkhani yapadziko lonse lapansi, Torvalds akupitilizabe kukana kuyambitsa zatsopano zamakina ake. [9]
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pakati pa mafani ambiri a Linux, pali nkhawa yayikulu pakuwonongeka kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Makamaka, gawo lapafupi kwambiri la Linux, kernel yake, yomwe Torvalds amagwira ntchito payekha. Otsatira a Linux amawona kuti Torvalds satenga nkhani za cybersecurity mozama. Kuphatikiza apo, Torvalds adadzizungulira ndi opanga omwe ali ndi malingaliro osasamala awa. Ngati wina wochokera mkati mwa Torvalds ayamba kulankhula za kuyambitsa zatsopano zotetezeka, nthawi yomweyo amatembereredwa. Torvalds anatsutsa gulu lina la akatswiri oterowo, kuwatcha “anyani odziseweretsa maliseche.” Pamene Torvalds anatsanzikana ndi gulu lina la anthu okonda chitetezo, iye anawauza kuti, “Kodi mungakonde kudzipha. Dziko likanakhala malo abwinoko chifukwa cha zimenezi.” Nthawi zonse zikafika pakuwonjezera chitetezo, Torvalds nthawi zonse amatsutsana nazo. [9] Torvalds ngakhale ali ndi filosofi yonse pankhaniyi, yomwe ilibe njere yanzeru:
“Chitetezo chenicheni sichingapezeke. Choncho, ziyenera kuganiziridwa nthawi zonse pokhudzana ndi zofunikira zina: kuthamanga, kusinthasintha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta. Anthu omwe amadzipereka kwathunthu popereka chitetezo ndi openga. Malingaliro awo ndi operewera, akuda ndi oyera. Chitetezo pachokha chilibe ntchito. Chofunikira chimakhala kwina kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, simungatsimikizire chitetezo chokwanira, ngakhale mutafuna kutero. Inde, pali anthu omwe amasamalira kwambiri chitetezo kuposa Torvalds. Komabe, anyamatawa akungogwira ntchito zomwe zimawakonda ndikupereka chitetezo mkati mwadongosolo lopapatiza lomwe limafotokozera zomwe amakonda. Basi. Choncho sizimathandiza m’pang’ono pomwe kuonjezera chitetezo chokwanira.” [9]
Sidebar: OpenSource ili ngati keg ya ufa [10]
Khodi ya OpenSource yapulumutsa mabiliyoni pamitengo yopangira mapulogalamu, ndikuchotsa kufunikira koyeserera: ndi OpenSource, opanga mapulogalamu ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zatsopano popanda zoletsa kapena kulipira. OpenSource imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse. Ngakhale mutalemba ganyu woyambitsa mapulogalamu kuti athetse vuto lanu lapadera kuyambira pachiyambi, wopanga mapulogalamuwa angagwiritse ntchito laibulale ya OpenSource. Ndipo mwina oposa mmodzi. Chifukwa chake, zinthu za OpenSource zilipo pafupifupi kulikonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kumveka kuti palibe mapulogalamu omwe ali osasunthika; code yake ikusintha nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, mfundo yoti "chikhazikitseni ndikuyiwala" sichigwira ntchito pamakhodi. Kuphatikizirapo code ya OpenSource: posachedwa mtundu wosinthidwa udzafunika.
Mu 2016, tidawona zotsatira za izi: wopanga mapulogalamu wazaka 28 "adaswa" mwachidule pa intaneti pochotsa code yake ya OpenSource, yomwe adalengeza poyera. Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza kuti cyberinfrastructure yathu ndi yofooka kwambiri. Anthu ena - omwe amathandizira mapulojekiti a OpenSource - ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti apitirizebe kuti ngati, Mulungu aletsa, agundidwa ndi basi, intaneti imasweka.
Khodi yovuta kusunga ndipamene ziwopsezo zazikulu zachitetezo cha pa intaneti zimabisala. Makampani ena samazindikira ngakhale kuti ali pachiwopsezo chotani chifukwa chazovuta kusunga. Zofooka zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi code yotere zimatha kukhwima kukhala vuto lenileni pang'onopang'ono: machitidwe amawola pang'onopang'ono, osawonetsa zolephera zowonekera pakuvunda. Ndipo akalephera, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa.
Pomaliza, popeza mapulojekiti a OpenSource nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi gulu la anthu okonda, monga Linus Torvalds kapena ngati achiwembu ochokera ku Model Railroad Club omwe atchulidwa koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi, mavuto okhala ndi ma code ovuta kuwasunga sangathe kuthetsedwa mwanjira zachikhalidwe (pogwiritsa ntchito. zamalonda ndi za boma). Chifukwa chakuti anthu a m’madera otere amachita mwadala ndipo amaona kuti ufulu wawo ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse.
Sidebar: Mwina ntchito zanzeru ndi opanga antivayirasi atiteteza?
Mu 2013, zidadziwika kuti Kaspersky Lab anali ndi gawo lapadera lomwe linkafufuza zochitika zachitetezo chazidziwitso. Mpaka posachedwa, dipatimentiyi inkatsogoleredwa ndi mkulu wakale wa apolisi, Ruslan Stoyanov, yemwe poyamba ankagwira ntchito ku likulu la Dipatimenti ya "K" (USTM ya Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate). Onse ogwira ntchito pagawo lapaderali la Kaspersky Lab amachokera ku mabungwe azamalamulo, kuphatikizapo Investigative Committee ndi Directorate "K". [khumi ndi chimodzi]
Kumapeto kwa 2016, a FSB anamanga Ruslan Stoyanov ndi kumuimba mlandu woukira boma. Pamlandu womwewo, Sergei Mikhailov, woimira wamkulu wa FSB CIB (chidziwitso chachitetezo chazidziwitso), adamangidwa, yemwe, asanamangidwe, chitetezo chonse cha dzikolo chinamangidwa. [khumi ndi chimodzi]
Sidebar: Cybersecurity Yalimbikitsidwa
Posachedwa amalonda aku Russia adzakakamizika kusamala kwambiri zachitetezo cha pa intaneti. Mu Januwale 2017, Nikolai Murashov, woimira Center for Information Protection and Special Communications, adanena kuti ku Russia, zinthu za CII (zowonongeka zowonongeka) zokha zinagwidwa nthawi zoposa 2016 miliyoni mu 70. Zinthu za CII zimaphatikizapo machitidwe azidziwitso a mabungwe aboma, mabizinesi oteteza chitetezo, mayendedwe, ngongole ndi magawo azachuma, mphamvu, mafuta ndi mafakitale a nyukiliya. Pofuna kuwateteza, pa July 26, pulezidenti wa ku Russia Vladimir Putin anasaina chikalata cha malamulo akuti “Pa chitetezo cha CII.” Pofika Januware 1, 2018, lamulo likadzayamba kugwira ntchito, eni malo a CII ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zotetezera chitetezo chawo ku zigawenga, makamaka, kulumikizana ndi GosSOPKA. [12]
Nkhani zamalemba
- Jonathan Millet. // 2017.
- Ross Anderson. Momwe kulipira kwa smartcard kumalephera // Black Hat. 2014.
- SJ Murdoch. Chip ndi PIN Zasweka // Zokambirana za IEEE Symposium pa Chitetezo ndi Zazinsinsi. 2010. pp. 433-446.
- David Talbot. // MIT Technology Review (Digital). 2012.
- Craig Timberg. // The Washington Post. 2015.
- Michael Lista. // Moyo wa Toronto. 2018.
- Craig Timberg. // The Washington Post. 2015.
- Craig Timberg. // The Washington Post. 2015.
- Craig Timberg. // The Washington Post. 2015.
- Joshua Gans. // Harvard Business Review (Digital). 2017.
- // Nkhani. 2017. URL.
- Maria Kolomychenko. // RBC. 2017.
Source: www.habr.com