Njira 5 Zothandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Raspberry Pi Yanu

Hello Habr.

Pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi Rasipiberi Pi kunyumba, ndipo ndingayerekeze kuganiza kuti ambiri ali nayo itagona. Koma Rasipiberi si ubweya wamtengo wapatali, komanso kompyuta yamphamvu yopanda mphamvu yokhala ndi Linux. Lero tiwona zinthu zothandiza za Raspberry Pi, zomwe simuyenera kulembako konse.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi, tsatanetsatane ali pansi pa odulidwa. Nkhaniyi idapangidwira oyamba kumene.

ndemanga: Nkhaniyi idapangidwira oyamba kumene omwe ali ndi chidziwitso choyambirira cha adilesi ya IP, momwe mungasinthire mu Raspberry Pi pogwiritsa ntchito putty kapena terminal ina iliyonse, komanso momwe mungasinthire mafayilo ndi nano editor. Monga kuyesa, nthawi ino "sindidzadzaza" owerenga ndi Python code, sipadzakhalanso mapulogalamu. Pazotsatira zonsezi, mzere wolamula wokhawo udzakhala wokwanira. Ndi mtundu wotani womwe umafunidwa, ndidzayang'ana zomwe zalembedwazo.

Zachidziwikire, sindingaganizire zinthu zoonekeratu monga seva ya FTP kapena mipira ya netiweki. Pansipa ndidayesa kuwunikira china chake kapena chocheperako komanso choyambirira.

Tisanakhazikitse chilichonse, chofunikira malangizo: magetsi oyenerera (makamaka otchedwa 2.5A, osati kutchula dzina kuchokera pafoni) ndi heatsink ya purosesa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti Raspberry Pi agwire ntchito. Popanda izi, Rasipiberi akhoza kuzizira, zolakwika zamakope amatha kuwoneka, ndi zina zotero. Kuchenjera kwa zolakwika zoterezo ndikuti zimangowoneka mwa apo ndi apo, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yomwe CPU ikukwera kwambiri kapena pamene mafayilo akuluakulu akulembedwa ku khadi la SD.

Musanayike zida zilizonse, ndikofunikira kusintha makinawo, apo ayi ma adilesi akale a apt command sangagwire ntchito:

sudo apt-get update

Tsopano mukhoza kuyamba khazikitsa ndi configuring.

1. WiFi hotspot

Raspberry Pi ndiyosavuta kusintha kukhala malo opanda zingwe, ndipo simuyenera kugula chilichonse, WiFi ili kale. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhazikitsa zigawo ziwiri: hostapd (Host access point daemon, access point service) ndi dnsmasq (DNS / DHCP seva).

Ikani dnsmasq ndi hostapd:

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd

Khazikitsani adilesi ya IP yomwe Raspberry Pi adzakhala nayo pa netiweki ya WiFi. Kuti muchite izi, sinthani fayilo ya dhcpcd.conf polemba lamulo sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf. Muyenera kuwonjezera mizere yotsatirayi ku fayilo:

interface wlan0
  static ip_address=198.51.100.100/24
  nohook wpa_supplicant

Monga mukuwonera, pa intaneti ya WiFi, Raspberry Pi yathu idzakhala ndi adilesi 198.51.100.100 (izi ndizofunikira kukumbukira ngati seva ina ikuyendetsa, adilesi yomwe iyenera kulowetsedwa mu msakatuli).

Kenaka, tiyenera kuyambitsa kutumiza kwa IP, komwe timapereka lamulo sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf ndi kutulutsa mzere net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1.

Tsopano muyenera kukonza seva ya DHCP - idzagawa ma adilesi a IP ku zida zolumikizidwa. Timalowetsa lamulo sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf ndikuwonjezera mizere iyi:

interface=wlan0
dhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h

Monga mukuwonera, zida zolumikizidwa zidzakhala ndi ma adilesi a IP mumitundu 198.51.100.1… 198.51.100.99.

Pomaliza, nthawi yakwana yokhazikitsa Wi-Fi. Kusintha fayilo /etc/default/hostapd ndi kulowa mzere kumeneko DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf". Tsopano tiyeni tisinthe fayilo ya hostapd.conf polemba lamulo sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf.
Lowetsani zochunira za malo olowera:

interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=Raspberry Pi
hw_mode=g
channel=7
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=12345678
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

Apa ndikofunikira kulabadira magawo "ssid" (dzina lofikira), "wpa_passphrase" (password), "channel" (nambala yanjira) ndi "hw_mode" (njira yogwirira ntchito, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11 b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Tsoka ilo, palibe njira yosankha yokha, chifukwa chake muyenera kusankha njira yocheperako ya WiFi nokha.

chofunika: mu mayesero awa, mawu achinsinsi ndi 12345678, mu malo enieni ofikira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu china chovuta kwambiri. Pali mapulogalamu omwe amakakamiza mawu achinsinsi pogwiritsa ntchito dikishonale, ndipo malo ofikira okhala ndi mawu achinsinsi amatha kubedwa. Chabwino, kugawana intaneti ndi anthu akunja pansi pa malamulo amakono kungakhale kovuta.

Chilichonse chakonzeka, mutha kuyambitsa mautumiki onse.

sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl enable hostapd
sudo systemctl start hostapd
sudo systemctl reload dnsmasq

Tsopano tiyenera kuwona malo atsopano a WiFi pamndandanda wamanetiweki. Koma kuti intaneti iwonekere mmenemo, m'pofunika kuyambitsanso paketi kuchokera ku Ethernet kupita ku WLAN, yomwe timayika lamulo. sudo nano /etc/rc.local ndikuwonjezera mzere wosinthira wa iptables:

sudo iptables -t nat -A  POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

Ndichoncho. Timayambiranso Raspberry Pi, ndipo ngati zonse zidachitika molondola, titha kuwona malo ofikira ndikulumikizana nawo.

Monga mukuwonera, liwiro siloipa kwambiri, ndipo ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito WiFi yotere.

Mwa njira, yaying'ono malangizo: Mutha kusintha dzina la netiweki ya Raspberry Pi poyendetsa lamulo sudo raspi-config. Zimasintha ku (zodabwitsa :) raspberrypi. Izi mwina ndizodziwika bwino. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti dzinali likupezekanso pa intaneti, koma muyenera kuwonjezera ".local" kwa izo. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kulowa mu Raspberry Pi yanu kudzera pa SSH polemba lamulo Zovuta [imelo ndiotetezedwa]. Zowona, pali chenjezo limodzi: izi zimagwira ntchito pa Windows ndi Linux, koma sizigwira ntchito pa Android - muyenera kuyika adilesi ya IP pamanja pamenepo.

2. Seva ya media

Pali njira 1001 zopangira seva yapa media pa Raspberry Pi, ndingophimba yosavuta kwambiri. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi chopereka ankakonda MP3 owona ndipo tikufuna kuti lipezeke pa maukonde m'dera onse TV zipangizo. Tiyika seva ya MiniDLNA pa Raspberry Pi yomwe ingatichitire izi.

Kuti muyike, lowetsani lamulo sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa minidlna. Ndiye muyenera kukonza config mwa kulowa lamulo sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf. Kumeneko muyenera kuwonjezera mzere umodzi wokha wosonyeza njira ya mafayilo athu: media_dir=/home/pi/MP3 (zowona, njirayo ikhoza kukhala yosiyana). Mukatseka fayilo, yambitsaninso ntchito:

sudo systemctl kuyambitsanso minidlna

Ngati titachita zonse bwino, tidzakhala ndi seva yapa media yomwe idapangidwa kale pamaneti akomweko komwe mutha kuyimba nyimbo kudzera pawailesi ya WiFi yapakompyuta kapena kudzera pa VLC-Player mu Android:

Chizindikiro: Kukweza mafayilo ku Raspberry Pi ndikosavuta kwambiri ndi WinSCP - pulogalamuyi imakulolani kuti mugwire ntchito ndi zikwatu za RPi mosavuta monga momwe zilili ndi zakomweko.

3. SDR wolandila

Ngati tili ndi RTL-SDR kapena SDRPlay wolandila, titha kuyigwiritsa ntchito pa Raspberry Pi pogwiritsa ntchito GQRX kapena CubicSDR pulogalamu. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi cholandila cha SDR chodziyimira pawokha komanso chete chomwe chimatha kugwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi.

Ndikupepesa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a skrini pa TV:

Mothandizidwa ndi RTL-SDR kapena SDRPlay, ndizotheka kulandira ma wayilesi osiyanasiyana pafupipafupi mpaka 1 GHz (ngakhale apamwamba pang'ono). Mwachitsanzo, simungathe kumvera mawayilesi wamba a FM, komanso zokambirana za oyendetsa ndege kapena ntchito zina. Mwa njira, ochita masewera a wailesi mothandizidwa ndi Raspberry Pi amatha kulandira, kuzindikira ndikutumiza zikwangwani ku seva. WSPR ndi mitundu ina ya digito.

Kukambitsirana mwatsatanetsatane za wailesi ya SDR sikungatheke pankhaniyi, mutha kuwerenga zambiri apa.

4. Seva ya "smart home"

Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupanga nyumba zawo kukhala zanzeru, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yaulere ya OpenHAB.

Iyi si pulogalamu chabe, koma chimango chonse chomwe chili ndi mapulagini osiyanasiyana, zolemba zomwe zimakulolani kuwongolera zida zosiyanasiyana (Z-Wave, Philips Hue, etc.). Amene akufuna akhoza kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane off.site https://www.openhab.org.

Mwa njira, popeza tikukamba za "smart home", Raspberry Pi ikhoza kuyendetsa bwino seva ya MQTT yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapanyumba.

5. Makasitomala a FlightRadar24

Ngati ndinu okonda ndege ndipo mumakhala kudera lomwe FlightRadar ilibe vuto, mutha kuthandiza anthu ammudzi ndi onse apaulendo pokhazikitsa wolandila. Zomwe mukufunikira ndi cholandila cha RTL-SDR ndi Raspberry Pi. Monga bonasi, mupeza mwayi waulere ku akaunti ya FlightRadar24 Pro.

Malangizo atsatanetsatane zasindikizidwa kale pa Habr.

Pomaliza

N’zoona kuti si zonse zimene zandandalikidwa apa. Rasipiberi Pi ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pamasewero a masewera a retro kapena kuyang'anitsitsa mavidiyo, mpaka kuzindikira mapepala, kapena ngati ntchito ya zakuthambo. makamera am'mwamba onse kuyang'ana meteors.

Mwa njira, zomwe zidalembedwa ndizofunika osati kwa Raspberry Pi, komanso "maclones" osiyanasiyana (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi, etc.), mapulogalamu onse adzagwiranso ntchito kumeneko.

Ngati omvera ali ndi chidwi (chomwe chidzatsimikiziridwa ndi mavoti a nkhaniyo), mutuwo ukhoza kupitilizidwa.

Ndipo monga mwachizolowezi, zabwino zonse kwa aliyense.

Source: www.habr.com