Nthawi yabwino ya tsiku.
Ndakhala zaka zingapo zapitazi ndikufufuza ndikupanga ma aligorivimu osiyanasiyana osinthira ma siginolo apakati pamagulu osinthika a mlongoti, ndikupitiliza kutero ngati gawo la ntchito yanga yapano. Pano ndikufuna kugawana nzeru ndi zidule zomwe ndadzipezera ndekha. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikhala zothandiza kwa anthu omwe akuyamba kuphunzira gawo ili la ma signature kapena omwe ali ndi chidwi chabe.
Kodi ma adaptive antenna array ndi chiyani?
- ichi ndi gulu la zinthu za mlongoti zomwe zimayikidwa mumlengalenga mwanjira ina. Mapangidwe osavuta a ma adaptive antenna array, omwe tiwona, atha kuyimiridwa motere:
Ma antenna osinthika nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "smart" antennas (). Chomwe chimapangitsa gulu la antenna kukhala "anzeru" ndi gawo lopangira ma siginecha ndi ma algorithms omwe amakhazikitsidwa mmenemo. Ma aligorivimuwa amasanthula chizindikiro chomwe adalandira ndikupanga seti ya zolemetsa $inline$w_1…w_N$inline$, zomwe zimatsimikizira matalikidwe ndi gawo loyambirira la chizindikiro pa chinthu chilichonse. Kugawidwa kwa gawo la matalikidwe kumatsimikizira gulu lonse lathunthu. Kutha kupanga mawonekedwe a radiation a mawonekedwe ofunikira ndikusintha panthawi yokonza ma siginecha ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamagulu osinthika a antenna, omwe amalola kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. . Koma zinthu zoyamba choyamba.
Kodi ma radiation amapangidwa bwanji?
imasonyeza mphamvu ya chizindikiro yomwe imaperekedwa kumbali ina. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, timaganiza kuti zinthu za lattice ndi isotropic, i.e. kwa aliyense wa iwo, mphamvu ya chizindikiro chotulutsidwa sichidalira njira. The amplification kapena attenuation wa mphamvu anatulutsa ndi grating mu njira inayake analandira chifukwa Mafunde a electromagnetic opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagulu a antenna. Njira yokhazikika yosokoneza mafunde a electromagnetic ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati atatero ,ndi. kusiyana kwa magawo azizindikiro sikuyenera kusintha pakapita nthawi. Moyenera, gawo lililonse la gulu la antenna liyenera kuwala pafupipafupi $inline$f_{0}$inline$. Komabe, muzochita munthu ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi ma sigino a narrowband okhala ndi sipekitiramu yofikira m'lifupi $inline$Delta f <<f_{0}$inline$.
Lolani zinthu zonse za AR zitulutse chizindikiro chomwecho $inline$x_n(t)=u(t)$inline$. Kenako pa wolandila, chizindikiro cholandilidwa kuchokera ku n-th element chikhoza kuyimiridwa mkati mawonekedwe:
$$kusonyeza$$a_n(t) = u(t-tau_n)e^{i2pi f_0(t-tau_n)}$$kusonyeza$$
pomwe $inline$tau_n$inline$ndikuchedwa kwa kufalikira kwa siginecha kuchokera ku chinthu cha mlongoti kupita kumalo olandirira.
Chizindikiro choterocho ndi "quasi-harmonic", ndi kukwaniritsa chikhalidwe chogwirizana, m'pofunika kuti kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa kufalitsa kwa mafunde a electromagnetic pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zilizonse kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa nthawi ya kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha envelopu $ inline $ T $ inline $, i.e. $inline$u(t-tau_n) ≈ u(t-tau_m)$inline$. Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe cha kulumikizana kwa chizindikiro chocheperako chikhoza kulembedwa motere:
$$display$$T≈frac{1}{Delta f}>>frac{D_{max}}{c}=max(tau_k-tau_m) $$display$$
kumene $inline$D_{max}$inline$ ndi mtunda wautali pakati pa zinthu za AR, ndipo $inline$с$inline$ ndi liwiro la kuwala.
Chizindikiro chikalandiridwa, kuphatikiza kogwirizana kumachitidwa ndi digito mu gawo lopangira malo. Pankhaniyi, mtengo wovuta wa chizindikiro cha digito pakutulutsa kwa chipikachi umatsimikiziridwa ndi mawu akuti:
$$kuwonetsa$$y=sum_{n=1}^Nw_n^*x_n$$kuwonetsa$$
Ndikosavuta kuyimira mawu omaliza mu mawonekedwe N-dimensional complex vectors mu mawonekedwe a matrix:
$$display$$y=(textbf{w},textbf{x})=textbf{w}^Htextbf{x}$$display$$
kumene w и x ndi ma vector a mgawo, ndipo $inline$(.)^H$inline$ ndiyo ntchito .
Kuyimira kwa ma Vector azizindikiro ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi magulu a tinyanga, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakupatsani mwayi wopewa masamu ovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuzindikira chizindikiro cholandilidwa panthawi inayake ndi vekitala nthawi zambiri kumathandizira kuti munthu azitha kudziwa zenizeni zakuthupi ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera ku geometry.
Kuti muwerengere mawonekedwe a ma radiation a gulu la antenna, muyenera "kuyambitsa" mwamalingaliro ndi motsatizana. kuchokera mbali zonse zothekera. Pankhaniyi, mfundo za vekitala zinthu x akhoza kuyimiridwa mu mawonekedwe awa:
$$display$$x_n=s_n=exp{-i(textbf{k}(phi,theta),textbf{r}_n)}$$display$$
kumene k - , $inline$phi$inline$ and $inline$theta$inline$ - и , yomwe ikuwonetsa komwe kukubwera kwa mafunde a ndege, $inline$textbf{r}_n$inline$ ndiyomwe ikugwirizana ndi chinthu cha mlongoti, $inline$s_n$inline$ ndiye chinthu cha vekitala yodutsa. s mafunde a ndege okhala ndi vector yoweyula k (m'mabuku a Chingerezi vector yodutsa imatchedwa steerage vector). Kutengera masikweya matalikidwe a kuchuluka kwake y kuchokera ku $inline$phi$inline$ ndi $inline$theta$inline$ zimatsimikizira mtundu wa ma radiation a gulu la tinyanga kuti alandire vekitala yopatsidwa ya zolemetsa w.
Mawonekedwe amtundu wa ma radiation a antenna
Ndi yabwino kuphunzira ambiri katundu wa cheza chitsanzo cha mlongoti arrays pa liniya equidistant mlongoti gulu mu ndege yopingasa (i.e., chitsanzo zimadalira kokha azimuthal ngodya $inline$phi$inline $). Zosavuta kuchokera pamalingaliro awiri: kuwerengera kosanthula ndikuwonetsa zowonera.
Tiyeni tiwerengere DN ya vekitala yolemera ($inline$w_n=1, n = 1 ... N$inline$), kutsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa njira.
Masamu apa
Kuwonetsera kwa vector ya mafunde molunjika: $inline$k_v=-frac{2pi}{lambda}sinphi$inline$
Kulumikizana molunjika kwa chinthu cha mlongoti ndi index n: $inline$r_{nv}=(n-1)d$inline$
ndi d - nthawi yamagulu a antenna (mtunda pakati pa zinthu zoyandikana), λ - kutalika kwa mafunde. Zinthu zina zonse za vector r zikufanana ndi zero.
Chizindikiro cholandilidwa ndi gulu la antenna chimalembedwa motere:
$$display$$y=sum_{n=1}^{N}1 ⋅exp{i2pi nfrac{d}{lambda}sinphi}$$display$$
Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito fomula и :
$$display$$y=frac{1-exp{i2pi Nfrac{d}{lambda}sinphi}}{1-exp{i2pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi}}=frac{sin(pi frac{Nd} {lambda}sinphi)}{sin(pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi)}exp{ipi frac{d(N-1)}{lambda}sinphi}$$display$$
Chifukwa chake timapeza:
$$display$$F(phi)=|y|^2=frac{sin^2(pi frac{Nd}{lambda}sinphi)}{sin^2(pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi)} $ $kuwonetsa $$
Kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a radiation
Zotsatira zake za ma radiation a antenna ndi ntchito yanthawi ndi nthawi ya sine ya ngodya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamtengo wina wa chiŵerengero d/λ ali ndi diffraction (owonjezera) maxima.
Ma radiation osakhazikika amtundu wa antenna a N = 5
Ma radiation okhazikika amtundu wa antenna a N = 5 mu polar coordinate system
Malo a "diffraction detectors" akhoza kuwonedwa mwachindunji kuchokera za DN. Komabe, tiyesa kumvetsetsa komwe amachokera mwakuthupi ndi geometrically (mu N-dimensional space).
Zinthu vekitala s ndi ma exponents ovuta $inline$e^{iPsi n}$inline$, mtengo wake umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtengo wa ngodya yokhazikika $inline$Psi = 2pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi$inline$. Ngati pali ngodya ziwiri zofananira zomwe zimayenderana ndi mafunde a ndege, zomwe $inline$Psi_1 = Psi_2 + 2pi m$inline$, ndiye izi zikutanthauza zinthu ziwiri:
- Mwathupi: mafunde a ndege omwe amachokera mbali izi amapangitsa kuti mafunde amtundu wa amplitude agawidwe mofanana ndi ma elekitiromagineti oscillation pamagulu a mlongoti.
- Ma geometrically: chifukwa njira ziwirizi zimagwirizana.
Mayendedwe amakafika mafunde okhudzana ndi njira iyi ndi ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a gulu la tinyanga ndipo sitingathe kusiyanitsa.
Momwe mungadziwire chigawo cha ma angles momwe gawo limodzi lokha lalikulu la DP limakhala nthawi zonse? Tiyeni tichite izi pafupi ndi ziro azimuth kuchokera kuganizira zotsatirazi: kukula kwa gawo kusinthana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri moyandikana ayenera kugona mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera $inline$-pi$inline$ kuti $inline$pi$inline$.
$$display$$-pi<2pifrac{d}{lambda}sinphi
Kuthetsa kusalingana uku, timapeza chikhalidwe cha dera lapadera lomwe lili pafupi ndi ziro:
$$kuwonetsa$$|sinphi|
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kukula kwa dera lapadera pamakona kumadalira ubale d/λ. ngati d = 0.5λ, ndiye kuti njira iliyonse yofikira chizindikiro ndi "payekha", ndipo dera lapadera limaphimba mbali zonse za ngodya. Ngati d = 2.0λ, ndiye mayendedwe 0, ± 30, ± 90 ndi ofanana. Ma lobes a diffraction amawonekera pamtundu wa radiation.
Nthawi zambiri, ma lobes amafunidwa kuponderezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma antenna olunjika. Pachifukwa ichi, mawonekedwe athunthu amtundu wa antenna amapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chimodzi komanso zinthu zingapo za isotropic. Magawo amtundu wa chinthu chimodzi nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kutengera momwe chigawocho sichikudziwika bwino pagulu la antenna.
Main lobe m'lifupi
njira yauinjiniya yoyezera m'lifupi mwa lobe yaikulu ya mlongoti: $inline$Delta phi ≈ frac{lambda}{D}$inline$, pamene D ndi kukula kwake kwa mlongoti. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga, kuphatikiza magalasi. Tiwonetseni kuti ndizovomerezeka pamagulu a antenna.
Tiyeni tiwone m'lifupi mwake lobe yayikulu ndi ziro zoyamba zachitsanzo pafupi ndi gawo lalikulu. Nambala kwa $inline$F(phi)$inline$ kutha $inline$sinphi=mfrac{lambda}{dN}$inline$. Ziro zoyamba zimagwirizana ndi m = ± 1. $inline$frac{lambda}{dN}<1$inline$ timapeza $inline$Delta phi = 2frac{lambda}{dN}$inline$.
Nthawi zambiri, m'lifupi mwa njira yoyendetsera mlongoti imatsimikiziridwa ndi theka la mphamvu (-3 dB). Pankhaniyi, gwiritsani ntchito mawu akuti:
$$display$$Delta phi≈0.88frac{lambda}{dN}$$display$$
Chitsanzo:
M'lifupi mwake lobe yayikulu imatha kuwongoleredwa pokhazikitsa matalikidwe osiyanasiyana amtundu wa antenna array weighting coefficients. Tiyeni tikambirane magawo atatu:
- Kugawa kwa matalikidwe ofanana (zolemera 1): $inline$w_n=1$inline$.
- Matalikidwe akucheperachepera mpaka m'mphepete mwa grating (zolemera 2): $inline$w_n=0.5+0.3cos(2pifrac{n-1}{N}-pifrac{N-1}{N})$inline$
- Matalikidwe amachulukira m'mphepete mwa grating (zolemera 3): $inline$w_n=0.5-0.3cos(2pifrac{n-1}{N}-pifrac{N-1}{N})$inline$
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa zomwe zimatengera mawonekedwe a radiation pamlingo wa logarithmic:
Zotsatirazi zitha kutsatiridwa kuchokera pachithunzichi: kugawanika kwa kulemera kwa coefficient amplitudes kumachepetsa kumphepete mwa mndandanda kumabweretsa kufalikira kwa lobe yaikulu ya chitsanzo, koma kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa lobes. Makhalidwe amplitude akuchulukirachulukira m'mphepete mwa gulu la antenna, m'malo mwake, kumapangitsa kutsika kwa lobe yayikulu komanso kuchuluka kwa ma lobes am'mbali. Ndikoyenera kuganizira zochepetsera milandu apa:
- Machulukidwe a ma coefficients olemetsa azinthu zonse kupatula zochulukirapo ndizofanana ndi ziro. Miyezo ya zinthu zakuthambo ndi yofanana ndi imodzi. Pankhaniyi, latisi imakhala yofanana ndi AR yazinthu ziwiri yokhala ndi nthawi D = (N-1)d. Sizovuta kuyerekeza m'lifupi mwa petal yayikulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe yaperekedwa pamwambapa. Pankhaniyi, makoma am'mbali amasandulika kukhala diffraction maxima ndikulumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu.
- Kulemera kwa chinthu chapakati ndi chofanana ndi chimodzi, ndipo ena onse ndi ofanana ndi ziro. Pamenepa, tidalandira mlongoti umodzi wokhala ndi ma radiation a isotropic.
Direction of the main maximum
Chifukwa chake, tidawona momwe mungasinthire kukula kwa lobe yayikulu ya AP AP. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe tingayendetsere njira. Tiyeni tikumbukire kwa chizindikiro cholandiridwa. Tiyeni tifune kuchuluka kwa ma radiation kuti tiyang'ane mbali inayake $inline$phi_0$inline$. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yayikulu iyenera kulandiridwa kuchokera kumbali iyi. Njirayi ikufanana ndi vekitala ya $inline$textbf{s}(phi_0)$inline$ in N-malo owoneka bwino a vector, ndipo mphamvu yolandilidwa imatanthauzidwa ngati masikweya amtundu wa scalar wa vekitala yodutsayi komanso vekitala ya ma coefficients olemetsa. w. The scalar product of two vectors is maximum when they ,ndi. $inline$textbf{w}=beta textbf{s}(phi_0)$inline$, komwe β - chinthu china chokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, ngati tisankha vekitala yolemera yofanana ndi vekitala yolowera komwe ikufunika, tidzazungulira kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a radiation.
Ganizirani zolemetsa zotsatirazi monga chitsanzo: $inline$textbf{w}=textbf{s}(10°)$inline$
$$display$$w_n=exp{i2pifrac{d}{lambda}(n-1)sin(10pi/180)}$$display$$
Zotsatira zake, timapeza mawonekedwe a radiation omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu la 10 °.
Tsopano timagwiritsa ntchito ma coefficients olemetsa omwewo, koma osati kulandira ma siginecha, koma kufalitsa. Ndikoyenera kulingalira apa kuti potumiza chizindikiro, mayendedwe a vector wave amasintha mosiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maelementi chifukwa cholandira ndi kufalitsa amasiyana mu chizindikiro cha exponent, i.e. amalumikizana ndi conjugation zovuta. Zotsatira zake, timapeza kuchuluka kwa ma radiation omwe amatengera njira ya -10 °, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma radiation omwe amalandila ndi ma coefficients olemetsa. gwiritsaninso ntchito kugwirizanitsa kovuta kwa ma coefficients olemera.
Zomwe zafotokozedwa pamapangidwe amitundu yolandirira ndi kufalitsa ziyenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi zonse mukamagwira ntchito ndi magulu a tinyanga.
Tiyeni tisewere ndi mawonekedwe a radiation
Zokwera zingapo
Tiyeni tiyike ntchito yopangira maxima akulu akulu amtundu wa radiation molunjika: -5 ° ndi 10 °. Kuti tichite izi, timasankha monga vekitala yolemetsa kuchuluka kwa ma vectors omwe amayenderana nawo.
$$display$$textbf{w} = betatextbf{s}(10°)+(1-beta)textbf{s}(-5°)$$display$$
Kusintha chiŵerengero β Mukhoza kusintha chiŵerengero pakati pa pamakhala waukulu. Apanso ndizosavuta kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika mu danga la vector. Ngati β ndi wamkulu kuposa 0.5, ndiye vekitala ya weighting coefficients ili pafupi s(10°), apo ayi s(-5 °). Kuyandikira kwa vector yolemetsa ndi imodzi mwa phasors, ndikokulirapo kofananira ndi scalar product, motero mtengo wa DP yofananira.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti ma petals akulu onse ali ndi m'lifupi mwake, ndipo ngati tikufuna kutsata njira ziwiri zoyandikana, ndiye kuti ma petals awa amaphatikizana kukhala amodzi, olunjika kudera lina lapakati.
Mmodzi wapamwamba ndi ziro
Tsopano tiyeni tiyese kusintha pazipita ma radiation chitsanzo kwa malangizo $inline$phi_1=10°$inline$ ndipo nthawi yomweyo kupondereza chizindikiro chochokera njira $inline$phi_2=-5°$inline$. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhazikitsa zero DN pa ngodya yofananira. Mutha kuchita izi motere:
$$display$$textbf{w}=textbf{s}_1-frac{textbf{s}_2^Htextbf{s}_1}{N}textbf{s}_2$$display$$
kumene $inline$textbf{s}_1 = textbf{s}(10°)$inline$, ndi $inline$textbf{s}_2 = textbf{s}(-5°)$inline$.
Tanthauzo la geometric posankha vekitala yolemera ndi motere. Tikufuna vekitala iyi w inali ndi chiwongolero chachikulu pa $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo inali orthogonal ku vekitala $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$. Vector $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ikhoza kuimiridwa ngati mawu awiri: collinear vector $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$ ndi orthogonal vector $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$. Kuti mukwaniritse mawu avuto, ndikofunikira kusankha gawo lachiwiri ngati vector of weighting coefficients. w. Chigawo cha collinear chikhoza kuwerengedwa pojambula vekitala $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ pa vekitala yokhazikika $inline$frac{textbf{s}_2}{sqrt{N}}$inline$ pogwiritsa ntchito scalar product.
$$display$$textbf{s}_{1||}=frac{textbf{s}_2}{sqrt{N}}frac{textbf{s}_2^Htextbf{s}_1}{sqrt{N}} $$kuwonetsa$$
Mogwirizana ndi izi, kuchotsa chigawo chake cha collinear kuchokera ku vekitala yoyambirira $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$, timapeza vekitala yomwe tikufuna.
Zolemba zina zowonjezera
- Kulikonse pamwamba, ndinasiya nkhani ya normalizing vekitala kulemera, i.e. kutalika kwake. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwa vekitala yolemetsa sikukhudza mawonekedwe amtundu wa radiation ya antenna: komwe kumapita kumtunda waukulu, m'lifupi mwake lobe yayikulu, ndi zina zambiri. Zitha kuwonetsedwanso kuti kukhazikika uku sikukhudza SNR pakutulutsa kwa gawo lopangira malo. Pachifukwa ichi, poganizira ma aligorivimu opangira ma siginecha, nthawi zambiri timavomereza kukhazikika kwa ma vesi olemera, i.e. $inline$textbf{w}^Htextbf{w}=1$inline$
- Kuthekera kopanga mawonekedwe a gulu la antenna kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu za N. Zinthu zochulukira, zimakulitsa mwayi. Ufulu wochulukirachulukira pakukhazikitsa zolemetsa zapamalo, m'pamenenso mungapeze njira zambiri zamomwe mungasinthire "cholemetsa" cholemera mu malo a N-dimensional.
- Mukalandira ma radiation, gulu la antenna silikhalapo, ndipo zonsezi zimangokhala "m'malingaliro" agawo la computing lomwe limayendetsa chizindikirocho. Izi zikutanthauza kuti panthawi imodzimodziyo ndizotheka kupanga mapangidwe angapo ndikudzipangira okha zizindikiro zochokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Pankhani yopatsirana, chilichonse chimakhala chovuta kwambiri, koma ndizothekanso kupanga ma DN angapo kuti atumize mitsinje yosiyanasiyana ya data. Tekinoloje iyi mumayendedwe olumikizirana imatchedwa .
- Pogwiritsa ntchito kachidindo ka matlab, mutha kusewera ndi DN nokha
kachidindo% antenna array settings N = 10; % number of elements d = 0.5; % period of antenna array wLength = 1; % wavelength mode = 'receiver'; % receiver or transmitter % weights of antenna array w = ones(N,1); % w = 0.5 + 0.3*cos(2*pi*((0:N-1)-0.5*(N-1))/N).'; % w = 0.5 - 0.3*cos(2*pi*((0:N-1)-0.5*(N-1))/N).'; % w = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % b = 0.5; w = b*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(+10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).' + (1-b)*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-5/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % b = 0.5; w = b*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(+3/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).' + (1-b)*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-3/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % s1 = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % s2 = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-5/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % w = s1 - (1/N)*s2*s2'*s1; % w = s1; % normalize weights w = w./sqrt(sum(abs(w).^2)); % set of angle values to calculate pattern angGrid_deg = (-90:0.5:90); % convert degree to radian angGrid = angGrid_deg * pi / 180; % calculate set of steerage vectors for angle grid switch (mode) case 'receiver' s = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*bsxfun(@times,(0:N-1)',sin(angGrid))); case 'transmitter' s = exp(-2i*pi*d/wLength*bsxfun(@times,(0:N-1)',sin(angGrid))); end % calculate pattern y = (abs(w'*s)).^2; %linear scale plot(angGrid_deg,y/max(y)); grid on; xlim([-90 90]); % log scale % plot(angGrid_deg,10*log10(y/max(y))); % grid on; % xlim([-90 90]);
Ndi mavuto ati omwe angathetsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito milongoti yosinthika?
Kulandila koyenera kwa chizindikiro chosadziwikaNgati mayendedwe akufika kwa siginecha sakudziwika (ndipo ngati njira yolumikizirana ndi njira zambiri, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mayendedwe angapo), ndiye posanthula chizindikiro chomwe chalandilidwa ndi gulu la mlongoti, ndizotheka kupanga choyimira cholemera kwambiri. w kotero kuti SNR pa linanena bungwe la malo processing unit adzakhala pazipita.
Kulandila kwa siginecha koyenera motsutsana ndi phokoso lakumbuyoPano vutoli likufotokozedwa motere: magawo a malo a chizindikiro chothandiza chomwe chikuyembekezeka amadziwika, koma pali magwero a kusokoneza chilengedwe chakunja. Ndikofunikira kukulitsa SINR pazotulutsa za AP, kuchepetsa chikoka cha kusokoneza pakulandila chizindikiro momwe mungathere.
Kutumiza koyenera kwa siginecha kwa wogwiritsa ntchitoVutoli limathetsedwa pamakina olumikizirana mafoni (4G, 5G), komanso pa Wi-Fi. Tanthauzo lake ndi losavuta: mothandizidwa ndi ma siginecha apadera oyendetsa njira yolumikizirana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, mawonekedwe a malo a njira yolumikizirana amawunikidwa, ndipo pamaziko ake, vekitala ya ma coefficients yolemetsa yomwe ili yoyenera kufalitsa imasankhidwa.
Kuchulukitsa kwapakati kwa mitsinje ya dataZosintha za antenna zimalola kutumiza kwa data kwa ogwiritsa ntchito angapo nthawi imodzi pama frequency omwewo, kupanga mawonekedwe amunthu aliyense wa iwo. Tekinoloje iyi imatchedwa MU-MIMO ndipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu (ndipo kwinakwake kale) pamakina olankhulirana. Kuthekera kwa kuchulukitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kumaperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, muyeso yolumikizirana yam'manja ya 4G LTE, IEEE802.11ay Wi-Fi muyezo, ndi miyezo yolumikizirana yam'manja ya 5G.
Ma antenna owoneka bwino a radarMinyanga ya digito imapangitsa kuti zitheke, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zingapo zotumizira mlongoti, kuti apange gulu la tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo kwambiri pokonza ma siginecha. Gridi yeniyeni ili ndi mawonekedwe onse enieni, koma imafunikira zida zochepa kuti zitheke.
Kuyerekeza magawo a magwero a radiationMa Adaptive antenna arrays amalola kuthetsa vuto la kuyerekezera kuchuluka, mphamvu, magwero a umuna wa wailesi, khazikitsani kulumikizana kwa ziwerengero pakati pa ma siginecha ochokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana. Ubwino waukulu wa ma adaptive antenna array pankhaniyi ndikutha kuthetsa magwero a radiation pafupi. Magwero, mtunda wamakona pakati womwe ndi wocheperako m'lifupi mwa lobe yayikulu yamtundu wa radiation ya antenna (). Izi ndizotheka makamaka chifukwa choyimira vekitala ya chizindikirocho, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino, komanso zida zamasamu zofananira.
Zikomo chifukwa cha chidwi chanu
Source: www.habr.com
