Ntchito yomanga data center imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamafakitale omwe akukula mwachangu. Kupita patsogolo m'derali ndikwambiri, koma ngati njira zaukadaulo zilizonse zitha kuwoneka pamsika posachedwa ndi funso lalikulu. Lero tiyesa kulingalira njira zazikulu zopangira chitukuko cha zomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi kuti tiyankhe.
Maphunziro pa Hyperscale
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wazidziwitso kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira komanga ma data akuluakulu kwambiri. Kwenikweni, zomangamanga za hyperscale zimafunikira ndi opereka ntchito zamtambo ndi malo ochezera: Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, Google ndi osewera ena akuluakulu. Mu April 2017 padziko lapansi Pali ma data 320 otere, ndipo mu December panali kale 390. Pofika chaka cha 2020, chiwerengero cha ma data a hyperscale chiyenera kukula mpaka 500, malinga ndi maulosi a akatswiri a Synergy Research. Ambiri mwa malowa ali ku United States, ndipo izi zikupitirirabe, ngakhale kuti ntchito yomangayi ikufulumira kwambiri m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific, Akatswiri a Cisco Systems.
Malo onse a data a hyperscale ndi akampani ndipo samabwereketsa malo opangira rack. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitambo yapagulu yokhudzana ndi intaneti ya zinthu ndi matekinoloje opangira nzeru, ntchito, komanso m'ma niches ena komwe kumafunika kukonza ma data ambiri. Eni ake akuyesera kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa mphamvu pa rack, ma seva opanda zitsulo, kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi, kuwonjezera kutentha m'zipinda zamakompyuta ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana apadera. Popeza kuchulukirachulukira kwa mautumiki amtambo, Hyperscale idzakhala dalaivala wamkulu wakukula kwamakampani m'tsogolomu: apa mutha kuyembekezera kuwonekera kwa mayankho osangalatsa aukadaulo kuchokera kwa opanga zida za IT ndi makina aukadaulo.
Edge Computing
Chinthu china chodziwika bwino ndi chosiyana kwambiri: m'zaka zaposachedwa, malo ambiri a micro-data adamangidwa. Malinga ndi zolosera za Research and Markets, msika uwu kuchokera $2 biliyoni mu 2017 kufika $8 biliyoni pofika 2022. Izi zikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha intaneti ya Zinthu ndi Internet Industrial of Things. Malo akuluakulu a deta ali kutali kwambiri ndi makina opangira makina opangira malo. Amagwira ntchito zomwe sizifuna kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku mamiliyoni ambiri a masensa. Ndikwabwino kuchita kukonza kwa data komwe kumapangidwira, kenako ndikutumiza uthenga wothandiza panjira zazitali kupita kumtambo. Kuti asonyeze chodabwitsa ichi, mawu apadera apangidwa - edge computing. M'malingaliro athu, iyi ndi njira yachiwiri yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe a data center, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zatsopano pamsika.
Nkhondo ya PUE
Malo akuluakulu opangira data amadya magetsi ochulukirapo ndipo amatulutsa kutentha komwe kumayenera kubwezeretsedwanso mwanjira ina. Njira zoziziritsa zachikhalidwe zimafikira 40% yamagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo, ndipo polimbana ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi, ma compressor afiriji amawonedwa ngati mdani wamkulu. Mayankho omwe amakulolani kukana kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kuwagwiritsa ntchito akuyamba kutchuka. kuzizira kwaulere. Mu classical scheme, chiller systems amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi kapena amadzimadzi amadzimadzi a polyhydric alcohols (glycols) monga ozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, unit ya compressor-condensing unit ya chiller sichiyatsa, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi. Mayankho osangalatsa kwambiri amachokera pagawo lapawiri lozungulira mpweya kupita ku mpweya kapena opanda makina osinthira kutentha ndi gawo lozizira la adiabatic. Kuyesera kukuchitikanso ndi kuzizira kwachindunji ndi mpweya wakunja, koma njirazi sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizatsopano. Monga machitidwe akale, amaphatikiza kuziziritsa kwa mpweya kwa zida za IT, ndipo malire aukadaulo a magwiridwe antchito otere atsala pang'ono kufika.
Kuchepetsa kwina kwa PUE (chiΕ΅erengero cha mphamvu zonse zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za zipangizo za IT) zidzachokera kuzinthu zoziziritsa zamadzimadzi zomwe zikutchuka. Apa ndikofunikira kukumbukira zomwe Microsoft idayambitsa kuti apange malo osungiramo data pansi pa madzi, komanso lingaliro la Google la malo oyandama a data. Malingaliro a zimphona zaukadaulo akadali kutali ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafakitale, koma makina oziziritsa amadzimadzi ocheperako akugwira ntchito kale pazinthu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ma supercomputer a Top500 kupita ku malo ocheperako.
Panthawi yoziziritsa kukhudzana, matenthedwe apadera otentha amaikidwa mu zipangizo, mkati mwake momwe madzi amazungulira. Njira zoziziritsira zomiza zimagwiritsa ntchito madzimadzi ogwiritsira ntchito dielectric (nthawi zambiri mafuta amchere) ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidebe chomata wamba kapena ngati nyumba zopangira ma module apakompyuta. Machitidwe owiritsa (awiri-gawo) poyang'ana koyamba ndi ofanana ndi machitidwe ozama. Amagwiritsanso ntchito zakumwa za dielectric pokhudzana ndi zamagetsi, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu - madzimadzi ogwira ntchito amayamba kuwira pa kutentha pafupifupi 34 Β° C (kapena kupitirira pang'ono). Kuchokera ku maphunziro a physics tikudziwa kuti ndondomekoyi imachitika ndi kuyamwa kwa mphamvu, kutentha kumasiya kukwera ndipo ndi kutentha kwina kwamadzimadzi kumasanduka nthunzi, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa gawo kumachitika. Pamwamba pa chidebe chosindikizidwa, nthunzi zimakumana ndi radiator ndi condense, ndipo madontho amabwereranso kumalo osungira. Makina ozizirira amadzimadzi amatha kukwaniritsa zabwino za PUE (mozungulira 1,03), koma amafunikira kusinthidwa kwakukulu kwa zida zamakompyuta ndi mgwirizano pakati pa opanga. Masiku ano amaonedwa kuti ndiabwino kwambiri komanso odalirika.
Zotsatira
Kuti apange malo amakono a deta, njira zambiri zosangalatsa zamakono zapangidwa. Opanga akupereka mayankho ophatikizika a hyperconverged, maukonde ofotokozedwa ndi mapulogalamu akumangidwa, ndipo ngakhale malo opangira ma data pawokha akukhala mapulogalamu ofotokozedwa. Kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito, samakhazikitsa njira zoziziritsira zatsopano zokha, komanso mayankho amtundu wa DCIM-class ndi mapulogalamu, omwe amalola kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito aukadaulo potengera deta kuchokera ku masensa angapo. Zosintha zina zimalephera kukwaniritsa malonjezo awo. Mayankho a chidebe cha modular, mwachitsanzo, sanathe kusintha malo osungiramo zinthu zakale opangidwa ndi konkriti kapena zitsulo zopangidwa kale, ngakhale amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pomwe mphamvu zamakompyuta ziyenera kutumizidwa mwachangu. Nthawi yomweyo, malo azidziwitso azikhalidwe amakhala modular, koma pamlingo wosiyana kwambiri. Kupita patsogolo kwamakampani ndikwachangu kwambiri, ngakhale popanda kudumpha kwaukadaulo - zatsopano zomwe tatchulazi zidawonekera pamsika zaka zingapo zapitazo. 2019 sichikhala chosiyana ndi ichi ndipo sichidzabweretsa zowoneka bwino. M'zaka za digito, ngakhale chopanga chodabwitsa kwambiri chimakhala njira yodziwika bwino yaukadaulo.
Source: www.habr.com