Ndikukhulupirira kuti tonse timapita kumalo odyera ndi anzathu kapena anzathu. Ndipo pambuyo pa nthawi yosangalatsa, woperekera zakudya amabweretsa cheke. Ndiye vuto likhoza kuthetsedwa mβnjira zingapo:
- Njira yoyamba, "mwaulemu". "Nsonga" ya 10-15% kwa woperekera zakudya imawonjezeredwa ku chiwerengero cha cheke, ndipo zotsatira zake zimagawidwa mofanana pakati pa amuna onse.
- Njira yachiwiri ndi "socialist". Chekecho chimagawidwa mofanana pakati pa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu kuti anadya ndi kumwa mochuluka bwanji.
- Njira yachitatu ndi "chilungamo". Aliyense amayatsa chowerengera pa foni yake ndikuyamba kuwerengera mtengo wa mbale zawo kuphatikiza "nsonga" ina, komanso payekha.
Malo odyera ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi mtengo wa IT m'makampani. Mu positi iyi tikambirana za kugawa ndalama pakati pa madipatimenti.
Koma tisanalowe muphompho la IT, tiyeni tibwerere ku chitsanzo cha malo odyera. Njira iliyonse yomwe ili pamwambayi ya "kugawa ndalama" ili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa. Kuipa kodziwikiratu kwa njira yachiwiri: wina akhoza kudya saladi ya Kaisara wamasamba popanda nkhuku, ndipo winayo akhoza kudya nyama ya ribeye, kotero kuti ndalamazo zikhoza kusiyana kwambiri. Kutsika kwa njira "yachilungamo" ndikuti ndondomeko yowerengera ndi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo ndalama zonse zimakhala zochepa kusiyana ndi zomwe zili mu cheke. Common vuto?
Tsopano tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti tinali kusangalala mu lesitilanti ku China, ndipo cheke anabweretsedwa Chinese. Zonse zomwe zikuwonekera ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ngakhale ena angaganize kuti izi si kuchuluka konse, koma tsiku lapano. Kapena, tiyerekeze kuti izi zikuchitika mu Israeli. Amawerenga kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere, koma amalemba bwanji manambala? Ndani angayankhe popanda Google?
Chifukwa chiyani kugawa kuli kofunikira pa IT ndi bizinesi?
Chifukwa chake, dipatimenti ya IT imapereka ntchito kumagulu onse akampani, ndipo imagulitsa ntchito zake kumagulu abizinesi. Ndipo, ngakhale sipangakhale ubale wachuma pakati pa madipatimenti mkati mwa kampani, gawo lililonse labizinesi liyenera kumvetsetsa kuti limawononga ndalama zingati pa IT, ndalama zotani poyambitsa zinthu zatsopano, kuyesa njira zatsopano, ndi zina zambiri. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kupititsa patsogolo ndi kukulitsa kwachitukuko kumalipidwa osati ndi nthano "modernizer, woyang'anira ophatikiza dongosolo ndi opanga zida," koma ndi bizinesi, yomwe iyenera kumvetsetsa momwe ndalamazi zimagwirira ntchito.
Magawo abizinesi amasiyana kukula komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito zida za IT. Chifukwa chake, kugawa mtengo wokweza zida za IT mofanana pakati pa madipatimenti ndi njira yachiwiri yokhala ndi zovuta zake zonse. Njira "yachilungamo" ndiyofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi, koma ndiyovuta kwambiri. Njira yabwino kwambiri ikuwoneka ngati "quasi-fair", ngati ndalama siziperekedwa ku khobiri, koma molondola, monga momwe geometry yakusukulu timagwiritsira ntchito nambala Ο ngati 3,14, osati mndandanda wonse wa manambala. pambuyo pa decimal point.
Kuyerekeza mtengo wa mautumiki a IT ndi kothandiza kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi chipangizo chimodzi cha IT pamene mukugwirizanitsa kapena kulekanitsa gawo logwira ntchito kukhala lapadera. Izi zimakulolani kuti muwerenge nthawi yomweyo mtengo wa ntchito za IT kuti mutengere ndalamazi pokonzekera. Komanso, kumvetsetsa mtengo wa ntchito za IT kumathandizira kufananiza zosankha zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito komanso kukhala ndi zida za IT. Pamene amuna omwe ali ndi suti za madola zikwi zambiri amalankhula za momwe katundu wawo angakwaniritsire ndalama za IT, kuonjezera zomwe zikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndi kuchepetsa zomwe zikuyenera kuchepetsedwa, kuyesa ndalama zomwe zikuchitika pa ntchito za IT zimathandiza CIO kuti asakhulupirire mwachimbuli malonjezo a malonda. , koma kuwunika molondola zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ndikuwongolera zotsatira.
Kwa bizinesi, kugawa ndi mwayi womvetsetsa mtengo wa ntchito za IT pasadakhale. Zofunikira zilizonse zamabizinesi sizimawunikidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa bajeti yonse ya IT ndi maperesenti ambiri, koma zimatsimikiziridwa ngati kuchuluka kwa chofunikira kapena ntchito inayake.
Mlandu weniweni
"Kupweteka" kwakukulu kwa CIO ya kampani yaikulu kunali koyenera kumvetsetsa momwe angagawire ndalama pakati pa magulu a bizinesi ndikupereka kutenga nawo mbali pa chitukuko cha IT mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga yankho, tidapanga chowerengera cha ntchito za IT chomwe chimatha kugawa ndalama zonse za IT ku ntchito za IT kenako kumabizinesi.
Pali ntchito ziwiri: kuwerengera mtengo wa ntchito ya IT ndikugawa ndalama pakati pa mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi molingana ndi madalaivala ena (njira ya "quasi-fair").
Poyang'ana koyamba, izi zitha kuwoneka zophweka ngati, kuyambira pachiyambi, mautumiki a IT adafotokozedwa bwino, zambiri zidalowetsedwa mu nkhokwe ya kasinthidwe ka CMDB ndi dongosolo la IT asset management system ITAM, zida zogwirira ntchito ndi mautumiki zidamangidwa ndipo kabukhu ka ntchito za IT zidapangidwa. otukuka. Zowonadi, pankhaniyi, pa ntchito iliyonse ya IT ndizotheka kudziwa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, poganizira kutsika kwamitengo. Koma tikuchita ndi bizinesi wamba yaku Russia, ndipo izi zimayika zoletsa zina. Chifukwa chake, palibe CMDB ndi ITAM, pali mndandanda wazinthu za IT. Ntchito iliyonse ya IT nthawi zambiri imayimira dongosolo lazidziwitso, mwayi wopeza, chithandizo cha ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi zina. Utumiki wa IT umagwiritsa ntchito ntchito za zomangamanga monga "DB Server", "Application Server", "Data Storage System", "Data Network", ndi zina zotero, kuthetsa ntchito zomwe mwapatsidwa ndizofunikira:
- kudziwa mtengo wa ntchito za zomangamanga;
- kugawa mtengo wantchito zachitukuko ku ntchito za IT ndikuwerengera mtengo wawo;
- Dziwani madalaivala (ma coefficients) pogawa mtengo wa ntchito za IT kumayunitsi abizinesi ndikugawa mtengo wa ntchito za IT kumayunitsi abizinesi, potero kugawa kuchuluka kwa ndalama za dipatimenti ya IT pakati pa magawo ena akampani.
Ndalama zonse zapachaka za IT zitha kuyimiridwa ngati thumba landalama. Zina mwa thumba ili zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida, ntchito zosamukira, zamakono, malayisensi, chithandizo, malipiro a antchito, ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, zovutazo zili munjira yowerengera ndalama zowerengera zinthu zosasunthika ndi zinthu zosagwira mu IT.
Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cha polojekiti yokonzanso zomangamanga za SAP. Monga gawo la polojekitiyi, zida ndi zilolezo zimagulidwa, ndipo ntchito ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi ophatikiza dongosolo. Potseka pulojekiti, woyang'anira ayenera kulemba zolemba kuti zida zowerengera ndalama ziphatikizidwe muzinthu zosasunthika, malayisensi akuphatikizidwa muzinthu zosaoneka, ndipo ntchito zina zopanga ndi kutumiza zimachotsedwa ngati ndalama zomwe zasinthidwa. Vuto nambala wani: polembetsa ngati katundu wokhazikika, wowerengera wamakasitomala samasamala zomwe zidzatchulidwe. Chifukwa chake, muzinthu zokhazikika timalandira katundu "UpgradeSAPandMigration". Ngati, monga gawo la polojekitiyi, gulu la disk linali lamakono, lomwe liribe kanthu ndi SAP, izi zimasokoneza kufufuza kwa mtengo ndi kugawidwa kwina. M'malo mwake, zida zilizonse zimatha kubisika kumbuyo kwa katundu wa "UpgradeSAPandMigration", ndipo nthawi ikadutsa, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa zomwe zidagulidwa pamenepo.
Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kuzinthu zosaoneka, zomwe zimakhala ndi njira yowerengera yovuta kwambiri. Kuvuta kowonjezera kumawonjezedwa ndikuti mphindi yoyambira zida ndikuziyika pamasamba owerengera zimatha kusiyana pafupifupi chaka. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwamitengo ndi zaka 5, koma kwenikweni zida zimatha kugwira ntchito mochulukirapo kapena mochepera, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri.
Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuwerengera mtengo wa mautumiki a IT ndi 100% molondola, koma pochita izi ndizochitika zazitali komanso zopanda pake. Chifukwa chake, tidasankha njira yosavuta: ndalama zomwe zitha kupangidwa mosavuta ndi zomangamanga zilizonse kapena ntchito ya IT zimaperekedwa mwachindunji ndi ntchito yofananira. Ndalama zotsalira zimagawidwa pakati pa mautumiki a IT malinga ndi malamulo ena. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupeze zolondola pafupifupi 85%, zomwe ndizokwanira.
Mu gawo loyamba Kugawira ndalama zogwirira ntchito zachitukuko, malipoti azachuma ndi ma accounting a ma projekiti a IT ndi "kudzipereka komveka" amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zomwe sizingatheke kuwonetsa ndalama ku ntchito iliyonse yachitukuko. Mitengo imaperekedwa mwachindunji ku ntchito za IT kapena ku ntchito za zomangamanga. Chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwa ndalama zapachaka, timapeza ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu uliwonse.
Pa siteji yachiwiri ma coefficients ogawa pakati pa mautumiki a IT amatsimikiziridwa pazantchito monga "Application Server", "Database Server", "Data Storage", etc. Ntchito zina za zomangamanga, mwachitsanzo, "Malo antchito", "Wi-Fi access", "Video conferencing" sizimagawidwa pakati pa mautumiki a IT ndipo zimaperekedwa mwachindunji kumagulu abizinesi.
Panthawi imeneyi chisangalalo chimayamba. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za ntchito zachitukuko monga "Application Servers". Imapezeka pafupifupi mu ntchito iliyonse ya IT, muzomangamanga ziwiri, zokhala ndi komanso popanda virtualization, ndi popanda redundancy. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugawa ndalama molingana ndi ma cores omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti tiwerenge "zinkhwe zofanana" komanso osasokoneza ma cores ndi pafupifupi, potengera kulembetsa mopitilira muyeso, timaganiza kuti pachimake chimodzi ndi chofanana ndi zitatu zenizeni. Kenako njira yogawa mtengo ya "Application Server" pa ntchito iliyonse ya IT idzawoneka motere:
,
kumene Rsp ndi mtengo wonse wa "Application Servers" utumiki wa zomangamanga, ndipo Kx86 ndi Kr ndi ma coefficients omwe amasonyeza gawo la ma seva a x86 ndi P-series.
Ma coefficients amatsimikiziridwa mozama kutengera kusanthula kwa zomangamanga za IT. Mtengo wa mapulogalamu amagulu, mapulogalamu a virtualization, machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito amawerengedwa ngati mautumiki osiyana siyana.
Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chovuta kwambiri. Infrastructure service "Database Servers". Zimaphatikizapo mtengo wa hardware ndi mtengo wamalayisensi a database. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa zida ndi zilolezo zitha kuwonetsedwa munjirayi:
kumene Π HW ndi Π LIC ndi mtengo wonse wa zida ndi mtengo wonse wa zilolezo za database, motsatana, ndipo KHW ndi KLIC ndi ma coefficients omwe amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mtengo wa hardware ndi zilolezo.
Kuonjezera apo, ndi hardware ndizofanana ndi chitsanzo cham'mbuyomu, koma ndi malayisensi zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Mawonekedwe akampani amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya nkhokwe, monga Oracle, MSSQL, Postgres, ndi zina. Chifukwa chake, chilinganizo chowerengera kugawidwa kwa database inayake, mwachitsanzo, MSSQL, ku ntchito inayake ikuwoneka motere:
kumene KMSSQL ndi coefficient yomwe imatsimikizira gawo la databaseyi mu IT landscape ya kampani.
Mkhalidwewu ndi wovuta kwambiri ndi kuwerengera ndi kugawa kwadongosolo losungirako deta ndi opanga osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya disks. Koma kufotokozera kwa gawoli ndi mutu wa positi yosiyana.
Cholinga chake ndi chiyani?
Zotsatira zakuchita izi zitha kukhala chowerengera cha Excel kapena chida chodzichitira. Zonse zimatengera kukhwima kwa kampani, njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, mayankho omwe akhazikitsidwa komanso chikhumbo cha kasamalidwe. Chowerengera chotere kapena chiwonetsero chowonera deta chimathandizira kugawa moyenera ndalama pakati pa magawo abizinesi ndikuwonetsa momwe ndi momwe bajeti ya IT imagawira. Chida chomwecho chikhoza kusonyeza mosavuta momwe kuwongolera kudalirika kwa ntchito (redundancy) kumawonjezera mtengo wake, osati ndi mtengo wa seva, koma poganizira ndalama zonse zogwirizana. Izi zimathandiza bizinesi ndi CIO "kusewera pa bolodi lomwelo" ndi malamulo omwewo. Pokonzekera zatsopano, ndalama zimatha kuwerengedwa pasadakhale ndikuwunika kuthekera.
Igor Tyukachev, mlangizi ku Jet Infosystems
Source: www.habr.com