Alpine Linux nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ngati chithunzi choyambira cha Docker. Mukuuzidwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Alpine kumapangitsa kuti zomanga zanu zikhale zazing'ono komanso njira yanu yomanga mwachangu.
Koma ngati mugwiritsa ntchito Alpine Linux pamapulogalamu a Python, ndiye:
- Zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe anu achepe kwambiri
- Imapangitsa zithunzi zanu kukhala zazikulu
- Kuwononga nthawi yanu
- Ndipo pamapeto pake zimatha kuyambitsa zolakwika pakuthamanga
Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake Alpine amalimbikitsidwa, koma chifukwa chake simuyenera kuyigwiritsabe ntchito ndi Python.
Chifukwa chiyani anthu amapangira Alpine?
Tiyerekeze kuti tikufunika gcc ngati gawo lachifanizo chathu ndipo tikufuna kufananiza Alpine Linux vs Ubuntu 18.04 potengera liwiro la zomangamanga komanso kukula kwa chithunzi chomaliza.
Choyamba, tiyeni titsitse zithunzi ziwiri ndikuyerekeza kukula kwake:
$ docker pull --quiet ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
$ docker pull --quiet alpine
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
$ docker image ls ubuntu:18.04
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
ubuntu 18.04 ccc6e87d482b 64.2MB
$ docker image ls alpine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
alpine latest e7d92cdc71fe 5.59MB
Monga mukuonera, chithunzi choyambira cha Alpine ndi chochepa kwambiri. Tiyeni tsopano tiyese kukhazikitsa gcc ndikuyamba ndi Ubuntu:
FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y gcc &&
apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Kulemba Dockerfile yangwiro sikungachitike pankhaniyi.
Tiyeze liwiro la msonkhano:
$ time docker build -t ubuntu-gcc -f Dockerfile.ubuntu --quiet .
sha256:b6a3ee33acb83148cd273b0098f4c7eed01a82f47eeb8f5bec775c26d4fe4aae
real 0m29.251s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.026s
$ docker image ls ubuntu-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu-gcc latest b6a3ee33acb8 9 seconds ago 150MB
Timabwereza zomwezo kwa Alpine (Dockerfile):
FROM alpine
RUN apk add --update gcc
Timasonkhanitsa, yang'anani nthawi ndi kukula kwa msonkhano:
$ time docker build -t alpine-gcc -f Dockerfile.alpine --quiet .
sha256:efd626923c1478ccde67db28911ef90799710e5b8125cf4ebb2b2ca200ae1ac3
real 0m15.461s
user 0m0.026s
sys 0m0.024s
$ docker image ls alpine-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine-gcc latest efd626923c14 7 seconds ago 105MB
Monga momwe analonjezedwa, zithunzi zochokera ku Alpine zimasonkhanitsidwa mofulumira ndipo ndizochepa: masekondi 15 mmalo mwa 30 ndipo kukula kwa chithunzi ndi 105MB motsutsana ndi 150MB. Ndi zabwino kwambiri!
Koma ngati tisintha kupanga pulogalamu ya Python, ndiye kuti zonse sizili bwino.
Chithunzi cha Python
Mapulogalamu a Python nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pandas ndi matplotlib. Chifukwa chake, njira imodzi ndikutenga chithunzi chovomerezeka cha Debian pogwiritsa ntchito Dockerfile iyi:
FROM python:3.8-slim
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Tiyeni tisonkhanitse:
$ docker build -f Dockerfile.slim -t python-matpan.
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-slim
---> 036ea1506a85
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 13739b2a0917
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting pandas
Downloading pandas-0.25.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4 MB)
...
Successfully built b98b5dc06690
Successfully tagged python-matpan:latest
real 0m30.297s
user 0m0.043s
sys 0m0.020s
Timapeza chithunzi cha 363MB kukula kwake.
Kodi tingachite bwino ndi Alpine? Tiyeni tiyese:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
$ docker build -t python-matpan-alpine -f Dockerfile.alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
---> a0ee0c90a0db
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 6740adad3729
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz (40.9 MB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/
tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/pip-egg-info
...
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install matplotlib pandas' returned a non-zero code: 1
Nchiyani chikuchitika?
Alpine sagwirizana ndi mawilo
Mukayang'ana kumanga, komwe kumachokera ku Debian, mudzawona kuti imatsitsa matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl.
Iyi ndi binary ya gudumu. Alpine amatsitsa gwero `matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz` popeza sichigwirizana ndi muyezo .
Chifukwa chiyani? Zogawa zambiri za Linux zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa GNU (glibc) wa laibulale wamba ya C, yomwe imafunikira pulogalamu iliyonse yolembedwa mu C, kuphatikiza Python. Koma Alpine amagwiritsa ntchito `musl`, ndipo popeza kuti ma binaries adapangidwira `glibc`, sizongosankha.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito Alpine, muyenera kuphatikiza ma code onse olembedwa mu C mu phukusi lililonse la Python.
O, inde, mudzayenera kuyang'ana mndandanda wazomwe zimadalira zomwe muyenera kuzilemba nokha.
M'nkhani ino tipeza izi:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk --update add gcc build-base freetype-dev libpng-dev openblas-dev
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Ndipo nthawi yomanga imatenga ...
... Mphindi 25 masekondi 57! Ndipo kukula kwa chithunzi ndi 851MB.
Zithunzi zochokera ku Alpine zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zimangidwe, ndizokulirapo, ndipo muyenera kuyang'anabe zodalira zonse. Mukhoza kumene kuchepetsa msonkhano kukula ntchito koma izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito yochulukirapo iyenera kuchitidwa.
Sizo zonse!
Alpine ikhoza kuyambitsa nsikidzi zosayembekezereka panthawi yothamanga
- Mwachidziwitso, musl imagwirizana ndi glibc, koma pochita kusiyana kungayambitse mavuto ambiri. Ndipo ngati atero, mwina adzakhala osasangalatsa. Nazi zovuta zomwe zingachitike:
- Alpine ili ndi ulusi wocheperako wocheperako mokhazikika, womwe ungayambitse
- Ogwiritsa ntchito ena apeza zimenezo chifukwa cha momwe musl amagawira kukumbukira (mosiyana ndi glibc).
- Mmodzi wa ogwiritsa ntchito
Ndithudi zolakwa zimenezi zakonzedwa kale, koma ndani akudziwa kuti padzakhala zingati.
Osagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za Alpine pa Python
Ngati simukufuna kuvutika ndi zomanga zazikulu komanso zazitali, kufunafuna zodalira ndi zolakwika zomwe zingatheke, musagwiritse ntchito Alpine Linux ngati chithunzi choyambira. .
Source: www.habr.com