Ngati mumayang'anira malo ogwiritsira ntchito VMware vSphere (kapena teknoloji ina iliyonse), nthawi zambiri mumamva madandaulo kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito: "Makina enieni akuchedwa!" M'nkhani zotsatizanazi ndisanthula zoyezetsa zogwirira ntchito ndikukuuzani zomwe zimachedwetsa komanso momwe mungatsimikizire kuti sizikuchedwa.
Ndilingalira mbali zotsatirazi za magwiridwe antchito a makina:
- CPU,
- FRAME,
- DISK,
- Mtanda.
Ndiyamba ndi CPU.
Kusanthula magwiridwe antchito tidzafunika:
- vCenter Performance Counters - zowerengera magwiridwe antchito, ma graph omwe amatha kuwonedwa kudzera pa vSphere Client. Zambiri pazowerengera izi zimapezeka mumtundu uliwonse wa kasitomala (makasitomala "wokhuthala" mu C#, kasitomala wapaintaneti ku Flex ndi kasitomala wapaintaneti mu HTML5). M'nkhanizi tigwiritsa ntchito zowonera kuchokera kwa kasitomala wa C #, chifukwa amawoneka bwino pang'ono :)
- Chithunzi cha ESXTOP - chida chomwe chimachokera pamzere wamalamulo wa ESXi. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kupeza zowerengera za magwiridwe antchito munthawi yeniyeni kapena kuyika izi kwa nthawi inayake mufayilo ya .csv kuti muwunikenso. Kenako, ndikuuzeni zambiri za chida ichi ndikupereka maulalo angapo othandiza pazolemba ndi zolemba pamutuwo.
Chiphunzitso china
Mu ESXi, njira ina - dziko mu VMware terminology - ndi udindo wa ntchito vCPU iliyonse (makina makina pachimake). Palinso njira zothandizira, koma kuchokera pakuwona kusanthula magwiridwe antchito a VM sizosangalatsa.
A ndondomeko ESXi akhoza kukhala mmodzi wa zinayi limati:
- Thamangani - ndondomekoyi imagwira ntchito zina zothandiza.
- Dikirani - ndondomekoyi sikugwira ntchito iliyonse (yopanda ntchito) kapena ikuyembekezera zolowetsa / zotuluka.
- Mtengo - chikhalidwe chomwe chimapezeka mu makina amitundu yambiri. Zimachitika pamene hypervisor CPU scheduler (ESXi CPU Scheduler) sangathe kukonza munthawi yomweyo ma cores onse omwe amagwira pama makina a seva. M'dziko lanyama, ma processor cores onse amagwira ntchito limodzi, OS ya alendo mkati mwa VM amayembekeza machitidwe omwewo, kotero hypervisor iyenera kuchedwetsa ma VM cores omwe amatha kumaliza kuzungulira koloko mwachangu. M'matembenuzidwe amakono a ESXi, CPU scheduler imagwiritsa ntchito makina otchedwa omasuka co-scheduling: hypervisor imawona kusiyana pakati pa "zachangu" ndi "zochedwa" makina enieni (skew). Ngati kusiyana kupitirira malire ena, nsonga yofulumira imalowa mu mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Ngati ma VM cores amakhala nthawi yayitali m'derali, zitha kuyambitsa zovuta.
- okonzeka - ndondomekoyi imalowa m'dziko lino pamene hypervisor sangathe kugawira zothandizira kuti aphedwe. Makhalidwe okonzeka kwambiri angayambitse mavuto a VM.
Zowerengera zoyambira zamakina a CPU
Kugwiritsa ntchito CPU, %. Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa CPU munthawi yake.
Kodi kusanthula? Ngati VM imagwiritsa ntchito CPU nthawi zonse pa 90% kapena pali nsonga mpaka 100%, ndiye kuti tili ndi mavuto. Mavuto amatha kuwonetsedwa osati "pang'onopang'ono" ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito mkati mwa VM, komanso pakulephera kwa VM pa intaneti. Ngati njira yowunikira ikuwonetsa kuti VM imagwa nthawi ndi nthawi, tcherani khutu ku nsonga za graph ya CPU Usage.
Pali Alamu yokhazikika yomwe imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa CPU pamakina enieni:
Chochita? Ngati Kugwiritsa Ntchito CPU kwa VM kumadutsa padenga nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti mutha kuganiza zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma vCPU (mwatsoka, izi sizithandiza nthawi zonse) kapena kusuntha VM ku seva yokhala ndi mapurosesa amphamvu kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito CPU mu MHz
M'ma graph pa vCenter Usage mu% mutha kuwona pamakina onse; palibe ma graph a ma cores pawokha (mu Esxtop pali % ma cores). Pachimake chilichonse mutha kuwona Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu MHz.
Kodi kusanthula? Zimachitika kuti pulogalamuyo siyimakometsedwa pamapangidwe amitundu yambiri: imagwiritsa ntchito 100% imodzi yokha, ndipo ena onse amakhala opanda katundu. Mwachitsanzo, ndi zoikamo zosunga zobwezeretsera, MS SQL imayamba ntchitoyi pachimake chimodzi chokha. Chotsatira chake, zosunga zobwezeretsera zimachedwetsa osati chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa disks (izi ndi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito poyamba adadandaula nazo), koma chifukwa purosesa sangathe kupirira. Vutoli lidathetsedwa ndikusintha magawo: zosunga zobwezeretsera zidayamba kuyenderera m'mafayilo angapo (motsatana, m'njira zingapo).
Chitsanzo cha katundu wosagwirizana pa ma cores.
Palinso zinthu (monga momwe zilili pamwambapa) pomwe ma cores amanyamulidwa mosagwirizana ndipo ena amakhala ndi nsonga za 100%. Monga ndikukweza pachimake chimodzi chokha, alamu ya Kugwiritsa Ntchito CPU sigwira ntchito (ndi ya VM yonse), koma padzakhala zovuta zogwirira ntchito.
Chochita? Ngati pulogalamu yamakina imanyamula ma cores mosagwirizana (imagwiritsa ntchito pachimake chimodzi kapena gawo limodzi), palibe chifukwa chowonjezera chiwerengero chawo. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kusuntha VM ku seva yokhala ndi mapurosesa amphamvu kwambiri.
Mutha kuyesanso kuyang'ana zokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu BIOS ya seva. Oyang'anira ambiri amathandizira mawonekedwe a High Performance mu BIOS ndipo potero amaletsa ma C-states ndi P-states njira zopulumutsira mphamvu. Ma processor amakono a Intel amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Turbo Boost, womwe umachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma processor cores payokha ndikuwononga ma cores ena. Koma zimangogwira ntchito pamene matekinoloje opulumutsa mphamvu atsegulidwa. Tikawaletsa, purosesa sangathe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa ma cores omwe sanakwezedwe.
VMware imalimbikitsa kuti tisalepheretse matekinoloje opulumutsa mphamvu pa maseva, koma kusankha mitundu yomwe imasiya kuwongolera mphamvu kwa hypervisor momwe mungathere. Pankhaniyi, muzokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za hypervisor, muyenera kusankha Magwiridwe Apamwamba.
Ngati muli ndi ma VM (kapena ma VM cores) pamapangidwe anu omwe amafunikira ma frequency a CPU, kusintha moyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito awo.
CPU Ready
Ngati VM core (vCPU) ili mu Ready state, simagwira ntchito yothandiza. Izi zimachitika pamene hypervisor sapeza maziko aulere omwe makina a vCPU amatha kuperekedwa.
Kodi kusanthula? Nthawi zambiri, ngati makina amakina ali mu Ready state kuposa 10% ya nthawiyo, mudzazindikira zovuta zomwe zimachitika. Mwachidule, nthawi yopitilira 10% ya nthawi yomwe VM imadikirira kuti zinthu zakuthupi zipezeke.
Mu vCenter mutha kuwona zowerengera ziwiri zokhudzana ndi CPU Ready:
- kukonzekera,
- Okonzeka.
Miyezo ya zowerengera zonse ziwiri imatha kuwonedwa pa VM yonse komanso pama cores.
Kukonzekera kumawonetsa mtengo nthawi yomweyo ngati peresenti, koma mu Real-time (deta ya ola lomaliza, nthawi yoyezera masekondi 20). Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kauntalayi kuti mufufuze zovuta "zotentha pazidendene".
Makhalidwe okonzeka otsutsa amathanso kuwonedwa kuchokera ku mbiri yakale. Izi ndizothandiza pakukhazikitsa machitidwe ndikuwunika mozama vutolo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati makina enieni ayamba kukumana ndi zovuta zogwira ntchito panthawi inayake, mukhoza kuyerekezera nthawi za mtengo wa CPU Ready ndi katundu wonse pa seva kumene VM iyi ikugwira ntchito, ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse katundu (ngati DRS akulephera).
Kukonzekera, mosiyana ndi Kukonzekera, kumawonetsedwa osati mwa maperesenti, koma mu milliseconds. Ichi ndi chowerengera chamtundu wa Summation, ndiko kuti, chikuwonetsa kutalika kwa nthawi yoyezera VM core inali mu Ready state. Mutha kusintha mtengowu kukhala peresenti pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta:
(CPU yokonzeka kuwerengera mtengo / (nthawi yosinthira tchati mumasekondi * 1000)) * 100 = CPU yokonzeka%
Mwachitsanzo, kwa VM pa graph yomwe ili pansipa, mtengo wapamwamba wa Ready wa makina onse udzakhala motere:
Powerengera peresenti ya Ready, muyenera kulabadira mfundo ziwiri:
- Mtengo Wokonzeka wa VM yonse ndi kuchuluka kwa Ready kudutsa ma cores.
- Nthawi yoyezera. Kwa Real-time ndi masekondi 20, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, pama chart a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi masekondi 300.
Ndi kuthetseratu zovuta, mfundo zosavutazi zitha kuphonya mosavuta ndipo nthawi yofunikira imatha kuonongeka pakuthetsa mavuto omwe palibe.
Tiyeni tiwerengere Ready kutengera zomwe zachokera pa graph ili pansipa. (324474/(20*1000))*100 = 1622% pa VM yonse. Mukayang'ana ma cores sizowopsa: 1622/64 = 25% pachimake. Pankhaniyi, kugwira ndikosavuta kuwona: mtengo wa Ready ndi wosatheka. Koma ngati tikukamba za 10-20% ya VM yonse yokhala ndi ma cores angapo, ndiye kuti pachimake chilichonse mtengowo ukhoza kukhala wofanana.
Chochita? Mtengo wapamwamba Wokonzeka umasonyeza kuti seva ilibe zipangizo zokwanira zopangira makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina enieni. Zikatero, chomwe chatsala ndikuchepetsa kulembetsa kwambiri ndi purosesa (vCPU:pCPU). Mwachiwonekere, izi zingatheke pochepetsa magawo a ma VM omwe alipo kapena kusuntha gawo la ma VM kupita ku maseva ena.
Kuyimitsa
Kodi kusanthula? Kauntala iyi ndi ya mtundu wa Summation ndipo imasinthidwa kukhala maperesenti mofanana ndi Ready:
(CPU co-stop summation value / (chati chosasinthika chosinthira masekondi * 1000)) * 100 = CPU co-stop%
Apa muyeneranso kulabadira kuchuluka kwa ma cores pa VM ndi nthawi yoyezera.
M'malo otsika mtengo, kernel sigwira ntchito yothandiza. Ndi kusankha koyenera kwa kukula kwa VM ndi katundu wamba pa seva, kauntala ya co-stop iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi ziro.
Pankhaniyi, katunduyo ndi wachilendo :)
Chochita? Ngati ma VM angapo okhala ndi ma cores ambiri akuyenda pa hypervisor imodzi ndipo pali kulembetsa mopitilira muyeso pa CPU, ndiye kuti choyimira choyimitsa chikhoza kuwonjezeka, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma VM awa.
Komanso, kuyimitsa kumawonjezeka ngati ma cores a VM imodzi amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi pachimake cha seva imodzi yokhala ndi hyper-kupondaponda. Izi zitha kuwoneka, mwachitsanzo, ngati VM ili ndi ma cores ambiri kuposa omwe amapezeka pa seva pomwe ikugwira ntchito, kapena ngati "preferHT" yathandizidwa pa VM. Mutha kuwerenga za izi .
Kuti mupewe mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito a VM chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa kwakukulu, sankhani kukula kwa VM molingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amayenda pa VM iyi komanso kuthekera kwa seva yakuthupi komwe VM imayendera.
Osawonjezera ma cores posungira; izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta za magwiridwe antchito osati kwa VM yokha, komanso kwa oyandikana nawo pa seva.
Ma metric ena othandiza a CPU
Thamangani - ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji (ms) panthawi yoyezera vCPU inali m'boma la RUN, ndiko kuti, ikugwira ntchito yothandiza.
Zosayenera - nthawi yayitali bwanji (ms) panthawi yoyezera vCPU inali yosagwira ntchito. Makhalidwe apamwamba a Idle si vuto, vCPU inalibe "chochita."
Dikirani - nthawi yayitali bwanji (ms) panthawi yoyezera vCPU inali mu Wait state. Popeza IDLE ikuphatikizidwa mu counter iyi, ma Wait apamwamba samawonetsa vuto. Koma ngati Dikirani IDLE ili yotsika pamene Dikirani ili pamwamba, zikutanthauza kuti VM inali kuyembekezera kuti ntchito za I / O zimalize, ndipo izi, zikhoza kusonyeza vuto ndi ntchito ya hard drive kapena zipangizo zilizonse za VM.
Max limited - nthawi yayitali bwanji (ms) panthawi yoyezera vCPU inali mu Ready state chifukwa cha malire omwe adayikidwa. Ngati magwiridwe antchito ali otsika mosadziwika bwino, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mtengo wa counter iyi ndi malire a CPU pamakonzedwe a VM. Ma VM atha kukhala ndi malire omwe simukuwadziwa. Mwachitsanzo, izi zimachitika pamene VM idapangidwa kuchokera ku template yomwe malire a CPU adayikidwa.
Sinthani dikirani - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera vCPU idadikirira opareshoni ndi VMkernel Swap. Ngati mitengo ya counter iyi ili pamwamba pa ziro, ndiye kuti VM ili ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito. Tikambirana zambiri za SWAP m'nkhani yokhudza zowerengera za RAM.
Chithunzi cha ESXTOP
Ngati zowerengera za magwiridwe antchito mu vCenter ndizabwino kusanthula mbiri yakale, ndiye kuti kusanthula kwavutoli kumachitika bwino mu ESXTOP. Apa, zikhalidwe zonse zimaperekedwa m'mawonekedwe okonzeka (palibe chifukwa chomasulira chilichonse), ndipo nthawi yocheperako ndi masekondi awiri.
Chophimba cha ESXTOP cha CPU chimatchedwa "c" chinsinsi ndipo chikuwoneka motere:
Kuti mumve mosavuta, mutha kusiya njira zamakina okhawo mwa kukanikiza Shift-V.
Kuti muwone ma metric a VM cores, dinani "e" ndikulowetsa GID ya VM yosangalatsa (30919 pachithunzi pansipa):
Ndiroleni ine ndidutse mwachidule mizati yomwe imaperekedwa mwachisawawa. Mizati yowonjezera ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndikukanikiza "f".
NWLD (Nambala Yamayiko) - chiwerengero cha ndondomeko mu gulu. Kuti mukulitse gulu ndikuwona ma metrics panjira iliyonse (mwachitsanzo, pachimake chilichonse mu multi-core VM), dinani "e". Ngati pali njira zingapo pagulu, ndiye kuti ma metric a gululo ndi ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma metrics panjira iliyonse.
%USED - ndi ma seva angati a CPU omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira kapena gulu la njira.
%RUN - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera ndondomekoyi inali mu boma la RUN, i.e. anachita ntchito zothandiza. Zimasiyana ndi %USED chifukwa sizimaganizira za hyper-threading, ma frequency scaling ndi nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa machitidwe (%SYS).
%SYS - nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito za dongosolo, mwachitsanzo: kusokoneza ntchito, I / O, ntchito ya intaneti, etc. Mtengo ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba ngati VM ili ndi I / O yaikulu.
%OVRLP - ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji yomwe njira ya VM ikuyendera imathera pa ntchito zina.
Ma metrics awa amagwirizana wina ndi mnzake motere:
%USED = %RUN + %SYS - %OVRLP.
Nthawi zambiri %USED metric imakhala yodziwitsa zambiri.
%DIKIRANI - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera njirayo inali mu Wait state. Imayatsa IDLE.
%IDLE - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera njirayo inali mu dziko la IDLE.
%SWWPWT - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera vCPU idadikirira opareshoni ndi VMkernel Swap.
%VMWAIT - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera vCPU inali yodikirira chochitika (nthawi zambiri I / O). Palibe chowerengera chofananira mu vCenter. Makhalidwe apamwamba akuwonetsa zovuta ndi I/O pa VM.
%WAIT = %VMWAIT + %IDLE + %SWPWT.
Ngati VM sikugwiritsa ntchito VMkernel Swap, ndiye posanthula zovuta zogwirira ntchito ndizoyenera kuyang'ana %VMWAIT, popeza ma metricwa samaganizira nthawi yomwe VM sinachite kalikonse (%IDLE).
% RDY - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera njirayo inali mu Ready state.
%CSTP - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera njirayo inali mu mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
%MLMTD - nthawi yayitali bwanji panthawi yoyezera vCPU inali mu Ready state chifukwa cha malire omwe adayikidwa.
% DIKIRANI + %RDY + %CSTP + %RUN = 100% - VM core nthawi zonse imakhala mu imodzi mwa zigawo zinayizi.
CPU pa hypervisor
vCenter ilinso ndi zowerengera za CPU pa hypervisor, koma sizosangalatsa - zimangokhala kuchuluka kwa ma VM onse pa seva.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yowonera mawonekedwe a CPU pa seva ili pa Chidule tabu:
Kwa seva, komanso makina enieni, pali Alamu yokhazikika:
Pamene katundu wa CPU wa seva ali pamwamba, ma VM omwe akuyendetsa pamenepo amayamba kukumana ndi mavuto.
Mu ESXTOP, data yonyamula CPU ya seva imawonetsedwa pamwamba pazenera. Kuphatikiza pa katundu wamba wa CPU, womwe siwophunzitsa kwambiri kwa ma hypervisors, pali ma metric ena atatu:
ZOTHANDIZA KWAMBIRI(%) - kutsitsa pakatikati pa seva. Kauntala iyi ikuwonetsa nthawi yayitali yomwe pachimake chagwira ntchito panthawi yoyezera.
PCPU UTIL(%) - ngati hyper-threading yayatsidwa, ndiye kuti pali ulusi awiri (PCPU) pachimake chakuthupi. Metric iyi ikuwonetsa kutalika kwa ulusi uliwonse kuti umalize ntchito.
PCPU YOGWIRITSA NTCHITO(%) - zofanana ndi PCPU UTIL (%), koma imaganiziranso kuwonjezereka kwafupipafupi (mwina kuchepetsa mafupipafupi apakati pazifukwa zopulumutsa mphamvu, kapena kuonjezera mafupipafupi apakati chifukwa cha teknoloji ya Turbo Boost) ndi hyper-threading.
PCPU_USED% = PCPU_UTIL% * ma frequency oyambira / ma frequency oyambira.
Mu chithunzichi, kwa ma cores ena, chifukwa cha Turbo Boost, mtengo wa USED ndi waukulu kuposa 100%, popeza ma frequency apakati ndi apamwamba kuposa omwe amatchulidwa.
Mawu ochepa okhudza momwe hyper-threading imaganiziridwa. Ngati njira zikuchitidwa 100% ya nthawi pa ulusi wonse wa pakatikati pa seva, pomwe mazikowo amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi, ndiye:
- CORE UTIL pachimake idzakhala 100%,
- PCPU UTIL pa ulusi wonsewo idzakhala 100%,
- PCPU YOGWIRITSA NTCHITO pa ulusi wonsewo idzakhala 50%.
Ngati ulusi wonsewo sunagwire ntchito 100% ya nthawi yoyezera, ndiye panthawi yomwe ulusiwo umagwira ntchito mofanana, PCPU USED ya ma cores imagawidwa pakati.
ESXTOP ilinso ndi chophimba chokhala ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya CPU. Apa mutha kuwona ngati seva imagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje opulumutsa mphamvu: C-states ndi P-states. Kuyitanira ndi kiyi "p":
Common CPU Performance Issues
Pomaliza, ndifotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito a VM CPU ndikupereka malangizo achidule othetsera:
Kuthamanga kwapakati pawotchi sikokwanira. Ngati sizingatheke kukweza VM yanu kukhala ma cores amphamvu kwambiri, mutha kuyesa kusintha makonzedwe amagetsi kuti Turbo Boost igwire ntchito bwino.
Kukula kwa VM kolakwika (kochuluka kwambiri/macores ochepa). Ngati muyika ma cores ochepa, padzakhala kuchuluka kwa CPU pa VM. Ngati pali zambiri, gwiritsani ntchito kuyimitsa kwakukulu.
Kulembetsa kwakukulu kwa CPU pa seva. Ngati VM ili ndi Kukonzekera kwakukulu, chepetsani kulembetsa kwa CPU mochulukira.
NUMA topology yolakwika pama VM akulu. NUMA topology yowonedwa ndi VM (vNUMA) iyenera kufanana ndi NUMA topology ya seva (pNUMA). Diagnostics ndi njira zothetsera vutoli zalembedwa, mwachitsanzo, m'buku . Ngati simukufuna kulowa mozama ndipo mulibe zoletsa zoletsa pa OS yoyikidwa pa VM, pangani zitsulo zambiri pa VM, pachimake chimodzi panthawi. Simudzataya zambiri :)
Ndizo zonse kwa ine za CPU. Funsani mafunso. Mu gawo lotsatira ndilankhula za RAM.
maulalo othandiza
Source: www.habr.com