M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za mawerengero ogwiritsira ntchito kukumbukira (RAM) mu vSphere.
Zikuwoneka kuti ndi kukumbukira zonse zimamveka bwino kuposa ndi purosesa: ngati mavuto akugwira ntchito pa VM, zimakhala zovuta kuti musawazindikire. Koma ngati zikuwoneka, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuthana nazo. Koma zinthu zoyamba choyamba.
Chiphunzitso china
RAM yamakina enieni amatengedwa kuchokera kukumbukira seva yomwe ma VM akuyendetsa. Izi ndizowonekeratu :). Ngati RAM seva sikokwanira aliyense, ESXi akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira reclamation njira. Kupanda kutero, makina ogwiritsira ntchito a VM amatha kuwonongeka ndi zolakwika za RAM.
ESXi imasankha njira zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kutengera kuchuluka kwa RAM:
Memory status
Malire
Zochita
High
400% ya mphindi Zaulere
Pambuyo pofika malire apamwamba, masamba akuluakulu amakumbukiro amagawidwa kukhala ang'onoang'ono (TPS imagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi).
Chotsani
100% ya mphindi Zaulere
Masamba akuluakulu okumbukira amagawidwa kukhala ang'onoang'ono, TPS imakakamizidwa.
Zofewa
64% ya mphindi Zaulere
TPS + Baluni
mwakhama
32% ya mphindi Zaulere
TPS + Compress + Swap
Low
16% ya mphindi Zaulere
Compress + Swap + Block
minFree ndi RAM yofunikira kuti hypervisor igwire ntchito.
Kufikira ESXi 4.1 kuphatikiza, minFree idakhazikitsidwa mwachisawawa - 6% ya RAM ya seva (peresenti ingasinthidwe kudzera pa njira ya Mem.MinFreePct pa ESXi). M'matembenuzidwe am'tsogolo, chifukwa cha kukula kwa kukumbukira pa maseva, minFree idayamba kuwerengedwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kwa wolandirayo, osati ngati mtengo wokhazikika.
Mtengo wa minFree (wosasinthika) umawerengedwa motere:
Peresenti ya kukumbukira kwasungidwa kwa minFree
Mtundu wa kukumbukira
6%
0-4 GB
4%
4-12 GB
2%
12-28 GB
1%
Chikumbutso Chotsalira
Mwachitsanzo, kwa seva yokhala ndi 128 GB ya RAM, mtengo wa MinFree udzakhala motere:
MinFree = 245,76 + 327,68 + 327,68 + 1024 = 1925,12 MB = 1,88 GB
Mtengo weniweniwo ukhoza kusiyana ndi mazana angapo MB, kutengera seva ndi RAM.
Peresenti ya kukumbukira kwasungidwa kwa minFree
Mtundu wa kukumbukira
Mtengo wa 128GB
6%
0-4 GB
245,76 MB
4%
4-12 GB
327,68 MB
2%
12-28 GB
327,68 MB
1%
Memory yotsalira (100 GB)
1024 MB
Childs, kwa maimidwe obala, kokha High state angaonedwe ngati wabwinobwino. Pamabenchi oyesera ndi otukuka, maiko Omveka / Ofewa atha kuvomerezedwa. Ngati RAM pa wolandirayo ili yochepera 64% MinFree, ndiye kuti ma VM omwe akuyendetsa pamenepo akukumana ndi mavuto.
M'chigawo chilichonse, njira zina zokumbukira kukumbukira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyambira ku TPS, yomwe ilibe mphamvu pakuchita kwa VM, mpaka Swapping. Ndikuuzani zambiri za iwo.
Transparent Page Sharing (TPS). TPS, kunena pang'ono, ndikuchotsa masamba a RAM a makina enieni pa seva.
ESXi imasaka masamba ofanana a RAM pamakina powerengera ndi kufananiza kuchuluka kwa masamba, ndikuchotsa masamba obwereza, ndikuyika zolemba patsamba lomwelo pamakumbukiro amthupi a seva. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kwakuthupi kumachepetsedwa ndipo kukumbukira kwina kwina kumatha kukwaniritsidwa popanda kukhudza magwiridwe antchito.
Makinawa amangogwira ntchito pamasamba okumbukira a 4 KB kukula (masamba ang'onoang'ono). The hypervisor samayesa ngakhale deduplicate masamba 2 MB kukula (masamba akulu): mwayi kupeza masamba ofanana kukula uku si waukulu.
Mwachikhazikitso, ESXi imagawira kukumbukira masamba akulu. Kugawa masamba akuluakulu m'masamba ang'onoang'ono kumayambira pamene Malo a High state afika ndipo amakakamizika pamene Kumveka bwino kukufika (onani tebulo la boma la hypervisor).
Ngati mukufuna TPS kuyamba ntchito popanda kuyembekezera khamu RAM kukhala wodzaza, muyenera kuika mtengo mwaukadauloZida Mungasankhe ESXi "Mem.AllocGuestLargePage" ku 0 (chofikira 1). Ndiye kugawa kwamasamba akuluakulu okumbukira makina enieni adzayimitsidwa.
Kuyambira Disembala 2014, muzotulutsa zonse za ESXi, TPS pakati pa VM imayimitsidwa mwachisawawa, popeza chiwopsezo chinapezeka kuti chimalola VM imodzi kupeza RAM ya VM ina. Tsatanetsatane apa. Sindinakumanepo ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chiopsezo cha TPS.
Ndondomeko ya TPS imayendetsedwa ndi njira yapamwamba "Mem.ShareForceSalting" pa ESXi:
0 - Inter-VM TPS. TPS imagwira ntchito pamasamba a ma VM osiyanasiyana;
1 - TPS ya ma VM okhala ndi mtengo womwewo wa "sched.mem.pshare.salt" mu VMX;
2 (zosasintha) - Intra-VM TPS. TPS imagwira ntchito pamasamba mkati mwa VM.
Ndizomveka kuletsa masamba akulu ndikuyambitsa Inter-VM TPS pamabenchi oyesera. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati maimidwe okhala ndi ma VM ambiri ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, poyimilira ndi VDI, kusungidwa mu kukumbukira kwakuthupi kumatha kufika makumi khumi.
Memory Ballooning. Kupumula sikulinso njira yopanda vuto komanso yowonekera pamakina opangira a VM monga TPS. Koma mukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, mutha kukhala ndikugwira ntchito ndi Ballooning.
Pamodzi ndi Zida za Vmware, woyendetsa wapadera wotchedwa Balloon Driver (aka vmmemctl) amaikidwa pa VM. Pamene hypervisor ikuyamba kutha kukumbukira thupi ndikulowa mu Soft state, ESXi imapempha VM kuti itengenso RAM yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kupyolera mu Balloon Driver iyi. Dalaivala, nayenso, amagwira ntchito pamlingo wa opaleshoni ndipo amapempha kukumbukira kwaulere. The hypervisor amawona masamba omwe amakumbukiridwa ndi Balloon Driver watenga, amatenga kukumbukira pamakina enieni ndikubwezeretsa kwa wolandirayo. Palibe zovuta ndi ntchito ya OS, chifukwa pamlingo wa OS kukumbukira kumakhala ndi Balloon Driver. Mwachikhazikitso, Balloon Driver amatha kutenga mpaka 65% ya kukumbukira kwa VM.
Ngati Zida za VMware sizinayikidwe pa VM kapena Ballooning yayimitsidwa (sindikupangira, koma pali :), hypervisor nthawi yomweyo imasinthira ku njira zolimba kwambiri zochotsera kukumbukira. Kutsiliza: onetsetsani kuti Zida za VMware zili pa VM.
Kugwira ntchito kwa Balloon Driver kumatha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku OS kudzera pa VMware Tools.
Kupsinjika kwa Memory. Njira imeneyi ntchito pamene ESXi kufika boma Hard. Monga dzina likusonyeza, ESXi amayesa compress ndi 4KB tsamba la RAM mu 2KB, potero kumasula ena danga mu seva kukumbukira thupi. Njirayi imawonjezera kwambiri nthawi yofikira zomwe zili patsamba la VM RAM, popeza tsambalo liyenera kuchepetsedwa. Nthawi zina si masamba onse omwe amatha kupanikizidwa ndipo ndondomekoyi imatenga nthawi. Choncho, njirayi si yothandiza kwambiri pochita.
Kusintha kwa Memory. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono Memory Compression, ESXi pafupifupi mosalephera (ngati VMs sanasamuke makamu ena kapena sanazimitsidwe) masiwichi kwa Swapping. Ndipo ngati pali kukumbukira kochepa kwambiri (Low state), ndiye kuti hypervisor imasiyanso kugawa masamba okumbukira ku VM, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto mu OS ya alendo ya VM.
Umu ndi momwe Swapping imagwirira ntchito. Mukayatsa makina enieni, fayilo yokhala ndi .vswp yowonjezera imapangidwira. Ndizofanana ndi kukula kwa RAM yosasungidwa ya VM: uku ndiye kusiyana pakati pa kukumbukira kokhazikika ndi kosungidwa. Pamene Swapping ikutha, ESXi imasinthiratu masamba okumbukira makina mufayiloyi ndikuyamba kugwira nayo ntchito m'malo mokumbukira zakuthupi za seva. Zoonadi, kukumbukira kwa "RAM" kotereku ndi maulamuliro angapo a kukula pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi kukumbukira kwenikweni, ngakhale .vswp ili pa kusungirako mofulumira.
Mosiyana ndi Ballooning, masamba osagwiritsidwa ntchito atengedwa kuchokera ku VM, masamba osinthana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi OS kapena mapulogalamu mkati mwa VM amatha kusunthidwa ku disk. Zotsatira zake, machitidwe a VM amatsika mpaka kuzizira. VM ikugwira ntchito mwalamulo ndipo pang'ono ikhoza kuyimitsidwa bwino kuchokera ku OS. Ngati muli oleza mtima π
Ngati ma VM apita ku Swap, iyi ndi vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe lingapewedwe ngati kuli kotheka.
Zowerengera zoyambira zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito makina
Kotero ife tinafika ku chinthu chachikulu. Kuwunika kukumbukira kwa VM, pali zowerengera zotsatirazi:
yogwira - ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa RAM (KB) yomwe VM idapeza munthawi yoyezera yapitayi.
Kagwiritsidwe - zofanana ndi Active, koma peresenti ya RAM yokonzedwa ya VM. Kuwerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi: yogwira Γ· makina osanjidwa ndi kukula kwa kukumbukira.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri ndi Kugwira, motsatana, sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala chizindikiro cha zovuta za magwiridwe antchito a VM. Ngati VM ikugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira mwamphamvu (osafikira kuipeza), izi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe kukumbukira kokwanira. M'malo mwake, ichi ndi chifukwa chowonera zomwe zikuchitika mu OS.
Pali Alamu yokhazikika Yogwiritsa Ntchito Memory kwa ma VM:
Nawo - kuchuluka kwa VM RAM kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito TPS (mkati mwa VM kapena pakati pa ma VM).
Zoonadi - kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kwakuthupi (KB) komwe kunaperekedwa ku VM. Imayatsa Kugawana.
Kutenga (Zaperekedwa - Zagawidwa) - kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira thupi (KB) komwe VM imadya kuchokera kwa wolandirayo. Sikuphatikiza Zogawana.
Ngati gawo la kukumbukira kwa VM silinaperekedwe kuchokera pamtima wa wolandirayo, koma kuchokera pafayilo yosinthira, kapena kukumbukira kumatengedwa kuchokera ku VM kudzera pa Balloon Driver, ndalamazi sizikuganiziridwa mu Granted and Consumed.
Makhalidwe Operekedwa Kwambiri komanso Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito ndizabwinobwino. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito pang'onopang'ono amatenga kukumbukira kuchokera ku hypervisor ndipo samabwezera. Pakapita nthawi, mu VM yomwe ikuyenda mwachangu, zowerengera izi zimayandikira kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kokhazikika, ndikukhalabe pamenepo.
ziro - kuchuluka kwa VM RAM (KB), yomwe ili ndi ziro. Kukumbukira kotereku kumawonedwa ngati kwaulere ndi hypervisor ndipo kumatha kuperekedwa kwa makina ena enieni. Mlendo OS atalemba china chake pamtima, chimapita ku Consumed ndipo sichibwereranso.
Reserved Overhead - kuchuluka kwa VM RAM, (KB) yosungidwa ndi hypervisor ya ntchito ya VM. Izi ndizochepa, koma ziyenera kupezeka kwa wolandirayo, apo ayi VM sidzayamba.
Balloon - kuchuluka kwa RAM (KB) yochotsedwa mu VM pogwiritsa ntchito Balloon Driver.
Kukakamizidwa - kuchuluka kwa RAM (KB) yomwe idapanikizidwa.
Zasinthidwa - kuchuluka kwa RAM (KB), yomwe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kukumbukira pa seva, idasamukira ku disk.
Mabaluni ndi njira zina zowerengera kukumbukira ndi ziro.
Izi ndi zomwe graph imawoneka ndi zowerengera za Memory za VM yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino ndi 150 GB ya RAM.
Pa chithunzi pansipa, VM ili ndi zovuta zoonekeratu. Pansi pa graph mutha kuwona kuti pa VM iyi njira zonse zofotokozedwa zogwirira ntchito ndi RAM zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Baluni ya VM iyi ndi yayikulu kuposa Consumed. M'malo mwake, VM ndi yakufa kwambiri kuposa yamoyo.
Chithunzi cha ESXTOP
Monga momwe zilili ndi CPU, ngati tikufuna kufufuza mwamsanga momwe zinthu zilili pa wolandirayo, komanso mphamvu zake ndi nthawi ya masekondi a 2, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ESXTOP.
Sewero la Memory la ESXTOP limayitanidwa ndi kiyi ya "m" ndipo imawoneka motere (magawo B,D,H,J,K,L,O osankhidwa):
Magawo otsatirawa angatisangalatse:
Mem overcommit avg - mtengo wapakati wolembetsa mopitilira muyeso kwa wolandirayo kwa mphindi 1, 5 ndi 15. Ngati ili pamwamba pa zero, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chifukwa chowonera zomwe zikuchitika, koma osati nthawi zonse chizindikiro cha mavuto.
M'mizere PMEM/MB ΠΈ VMKMEM/MB - zambiri zokhudzana ndi kukumbukira kwa seva ndi kukumbukira komwe kulipo ku VMkernel. Pakati pa zinthu zosangalatsa apa mutha kuwona mtengo wa minfree (mu MB), malo omvera kukumbukira (kwa ife, okwera).
Motsatana NUM/MB mutha kuwona kugawidwa kwa RAM kudutsa ma node a NUMA (sockets). Mu chitsanzo ichi, kugawa sikuli kofanana, komwe kwenikweni sikwabwino kwambiri.
Zotsatirazi ndi ziwerengero za seva za njira zobwezeretsanso kukumbukira:
PSHARE/MB - izi ndi ziwerengero za TPS;
SWAP/MB - Sinthani ziwerengero zamagwiritsidwe;
ZIP/MB - ziwerengero za tsamba lokumbukira;
MEMCTL/MB - Ziwerengero zogwiritsa ntchito Balloon Driver.
Kwa ma VM pawokha, titha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi izi. Ndinabisa mayina a ma VM kuti ndisasokoneze omvera :). Ngati metric ya ESXTOP ikufanana ndi kauntala mu vSphere, ndipereka kauntala yofananira.
MEMSZ - kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kukhazikitsidwa pa VM (MB).
MEMSZ = GRANT + MCTLSZ + SWCUR + osakhudzidwa.
ZOPEREKA - Zaperekedwa mu MB.
TCHD - Yogwira mu MBytes.
MCTL? - ngati Balloon Driver yaikidwa pa VM.
Mtengo wa MCTLSZ - Baluni mpaka MB.
Mtengo wa MCTLGT - kuchuluka kwa RAM (MBytes) yomwe ESXi ikufuna kuchotsa ku VM kudzera pa Balloon Driver (Memctl Target).
Mtengo wa MCTLMAX - kuchuluka kwa RAM (MBytes) komwe ESXi ingachotse mu VM kudzera pa Balloon Driver.
Mtengo wa SWCUR - kuchuluka kwa RAM (MBytes) yomwe yaperekedwa ku VM kuchokera pafayilo yosinthira.
S.W.G.T. - kuchuluka kwa RAM (MBytes) yomwe ESXi ikufuna kupereka ku VM kuchokera pa Fayilo yosinthira (Sinthani Target).
Mutha kuwonanso zambiri za NUMA topology ya VM kudzera pa ESXTOP. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani minda D, G:
ANG'ONO - NUMA node pomwe VM ili. Apa mutha kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo vm yayikulu, yomwe siyikukwanira pa node imodzi ya NUMA.
NRMEM - ndi ma megabytes angati amakumbukiro omwe VM imatenga kuchokera kumalo akutali a NUMA.
Mtengo wa NLMEM - ndi ma megabytes angati a kukumbukira omwe VM imatenga kuchokera kumalo a NUMA.
N% L - kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kwa VM pamtundu wa NUMA wamba (ngati zosakwana 80%, zovuta zantchito zitha kubuka).
Memory pa hypervisor
Ngati ma CPU owerengera a hypervisor nthawi zambiri sakhala osangalatsa, ndiye kuti kukumbukira kumakhala kosiyana. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri Memory pa VM sikumawonetsa vuto la magwiridwe antchito, koma Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri Memory pa hypervisor kumayambitsa njira zowongolera kukumbukira ndikuyambitsa mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito a VM. Muyenera kuyang'anira ma alarm Host Memory Usage ndikuletsa ma VM kuti asalowe mu Kusinthana.
Sinthani
Ngati VM igwidwa mu Kusinthana, ntchito yake imachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a Ballooning ndi kuponderezana kumatha msanga pambuyo poti RAM yaulere ikuwonekera pa wolandirayo, koma makina enieni safulumira kubwerera kuchokera ku Kusinthana kupita ku RAM ya seva.
Pamaso pa ESXi 6.0, njira yokhayo yodalirika komanso yachangu yochotsera VM kuchokera ku Kusinthana inali kuyambiranso (modekha, kuzimitsa / pachidebe). Kuyambira ndi ESXi 6.0, ngakhale sizovomerezeka kwathunthu, njira yogwira ntchito komanso yodalirika yochotsera VM kuchokera ku Kusinthana yawonekera. Pamsonkhano wina, ndinatha kulankhula ndi mmodzi wa akatswiri a VMware omwe ali ndi CPU Scheduler. Anatsimikizira kuti njirayi ndi yothandiza komanso yotetezeka. Muzochitikira zathu, panalibenso zovuta nazo.
Malamulo enieni ochotsa VM kuchokera ku Swap Duncan Epping. Sindidzabwereza kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane, ndingopereka chitsanzo cha ntchito yake. Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, pakapita nthawi mutapereka lamulo lomwe mwasankha, Kusinthana pa VM kumatha.
Malangizo pakuwongolera RAM pa ESXi
Pomaliza, nawa maupangiri angapo omwe angakuthandizeni kupewa mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito a VM chifukwa cha RAM:
- Pewani kulembetsa mochulukira kwa RAM m'magulu opindulitsa. Ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse mukhale ndi ~ 20-30% ya kukumbukira kwaulere mumagulu kuti DRS (ndi woyang'anira) akhale ndi malo oyendetsa ndipo ma VM asapite ku Kusinthana panthawi yakusamuka. Komanso, musaiwale za malire a kulolerana zolakwa. Ndizosasangalatsa pamene, seva imodzi ikalephera ndipo VM ikuyambiranso pogwiritsa ntchito HA, makina ena amapitanso ku Kusinthana.
- M'magawo ophatikizidwa kwambiri, yesani OSATI kupanga ma VM okhala ndi kukumbukira kopitilira theka la kukumbukira. Izi zidzathandizanso DRS kugawa makina enieni pamaseva am'magulu popanda vuto lililonse. Lamuloli, ndithudi, silili konsekonse :).
- Samalani ndi Alamu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Memory Host.
- Musaiwale kukhazikitsa Zida za VMware pa VM ndipo musazimitse Ballooning.
- Lingalirani zoyambitsa Inter-VM TPS ndikuyimitsa Masamba Aakulu mu VDI ndi malo oyesera.
- Ngati VM ikukumana ndi zovuta, yang'anani ngati ikugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kuchokera kumalo akutali a NUMA.
- Chotsani ma VM ku Kusinthana mwachangu momwe mungathere! Mwa zina, ngati VM ili mu Kusinthana, makina osungira amavutika pazifukwa zomveka.
Ndizo zonse kwa ine za RAM. M'munsimu muli nkhani zokhudzana ndi omwe akufuna kupita mozama. Nkhani yotsatira idzaperekedwa kwa storaj.
maulalo othandiza
Source: www.habr.com