Lero tisanthula ma metric a disk subsystem mu vSphere. Vuto losungira ndilo chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha makina ochedwa pafupifupi. Ngati, pankhani ya CPU ndi RAM, kuthetsa mavuto kumathera pamlingo wa hypervisor, ndiye ngati pali zovuta ndi disk, mungafunike kuthana ndi netiweki ya data ndi makina osungira.
Ndidzakambirana za mutuwu pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha block access to storage systems, ngakhale kuti mafayilo afikire ma counters ali pafupifupi ofanana.
Chiphunzitso china
Polankhula za magwiridwe antchito a disk subsystem yamakina enieni, anthu nthawi zambiri amalabadira magawo atatu ogwirizana:
- kuchuluka kwa ntchito zolowetsa / zotulutsa (Zopangira / Zotulutsa Pachiwiri, IOPS);
- zotsatira;
- kuchedwa kwa ntchito zolowetsa/zotulutsa (Latency).
Nambala ya IOPS nthawi zambiri ndizofunikira pazantchito zachisawawa: mwayi wofikira ma disks omwe ali m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo cha katundu wotere ukhoza kukhala nkhokwe, ntchito zamabizinesi (ERP, CRM), ndi zina.
Bandwidth Chofunika pa katundu wotsatizana: mwayi wofikira midadada yomwe ili imodzi pambuyo pa inzake. Mwachitsanzo, ma seva a fayilo (koma osati nthawi zonse) ndi machitidwe owonera makanema amatha kupanga katundu wotere.
Kupititsa patsogolo kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito za I/O motere:
Kutulutsa = IOPS * Kukula kwa block, kumene Block size ndi kukula kwa block.
Kukula kwa block ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Mabaibulo amakono a ESXi amalola midadada mpaka 32 KB kukula. Ngati chipikacho ndi chokulirapo, chimagawidwa kukhala angapo. Sizinthu zonse zosungirako zomwe zingagwire ntchito bwino ndi midadada ikuluikulu, kotero pali DiskMaxIOSize parameter mu ESXi Advanced Settings. Pogwiritsa ntchito, mutha kuchepetsa kukula kwa chipika chomwe chadumphidwa ndi hypervisor (zambiri ). Musanasinthe izi, ndikupangira kuti mufunsane ndi wopanga makina osungira kapena kuyesa zosintha pa benchi ya labotale.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa block kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga pakusungirako. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa IOPS ndi kutulutsa kuli kochepa, kuchedwa kwambiri kumatha kuwonedwa ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa block. Choncho, tcherani khutu ku chizindikiro ichi.
Latency - mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri. The I/O latency ya makina enieni imakhala ndi:
- kuchedwa mkati mwa hypervisor (KAVG, Average Kernel MilliSec / Read);
- kuchedwa koperekedwa ndi netiweki ya data ndi makina osungira (DAVG, Average Driver MilliSec/Command).
Kuchedwa kokwanira komwe kumawoneka mu OS ya alendo (GAVG, Average Guest MilliSec/Command) ndi kuchuluka kwa KAVG ndi DAVG.
GAVG ndi DAVG amayezedwa ndipo KAVG imawerengedwa: GAVGβDAVG.
Tiyeni tione bwinobwino KAVG. Nthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, KAVG iyenera kukhala ziro kapena kukhala yocheperako kuposa DAVG. Nkhani yokhayo yomwe ndikudziwa komwe KAVG ikuyembekezeka kukwera ndi malire a IOPS pa disk ya VM. Pankhaniyi, mukayesa kupitirira malire, KAVG idzawonjezeka.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la KAVG ndi QAVG - nthawi yopangira mzere mkati mwa hypervisor. Zigawo zotsalira za KAVG ndizosafunika.
Mzere wa dalaivala wa disk adapter ndi mzere wopita ku mwezi uli ndi kukula kwake. Kwa malo odzaza kwambiri, zingakhale zothandiza kuwonjezera kukula uku. limafotokoza momwe mungawonjezere mizere mu adaputala dalaivala (panthawi yomweyo mzere wopita ku mwezi udzawonjezeka). Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati VM imodzi yokha ikugwira ntchito ndi mwezi, zomwe ndizosowa. Ngati pali ma VM angapo pamwezi, muyenera kuonjezeranso parameter Disk.SchedNumReqOutstanding (malangizo ). Powonjezera mzere, mumachepetsa QAVG ndi KAVG motsatana.
Koma kachiwiri, werengani zolembedwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa HBA ndikuyesa zosintha pa benchi ya labu.
Kukula kwa mzere wopita ku mwezi kungakhudzidwe ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa njira ya SIOC (Storage I / O Control). Amapereka mwayi wofikira mwezi kuchokera ku maseva onse omwe ali mgululi posintha mosintha mzere kupita ku mwezi pamaseva. Ndiko kuti, ngati mmodzi wa makamu akuyendetsa VM yomwe imafuna kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito (phokoso loyandikana ndi VM), SIOC imachepetsa kutalika kwa mzere kupita ku mwezi pa gulu ili (DQLEN). Zambiri .
Takonza KAVG, tsopano pang'ono Chithunzi cha DAVG. Chilichonse ndi chophweka apa: DAVG ndikuchedwa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chilengedwe chakunja (data network ndi yosungirako). Makina aliwonse amakono komanso osakhala amakono amakhala ndi zowerengera zake zogwirira ntchito. Kusanthula mavuto ndi DAVG, ndizomveka kuyang'ana pa iwo. Ngati zonse zili bwino pa ESXi ndi kusungirako mbali, fufuzani maukonde deta.
Kuti mupewe zovuta zogwira ntchito, sankhani Njira Yosankha Njira (PSP) yolondola pamakina anu osungira. Pafupifupi makina onse amakono osungira amathandizira PSP Round-Robin (yokhala kapena popanda ALUA, Asymmetric Logical Unit Access). Ndondomekoyi imakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira zonse zomwe zilipo zosungirako. Pankhani ya ALUA, njira zopita kwa wolamulira yemwe ali ndi mwezi ndizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sizinthu zonse zosungirako pa ESXi zomwe zili ndi malamulo osakhazikika omwe amakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya Round-Robin. Ngati palibe lamulo la dongosolo lanu losungirako, gwiritsani ntchito plugin kuchokera kwa wopanga makina osungira, omwe adzapanga lamulo logwirizana pa makamu onse mumagulu, kapena pangani lamulo nokha. Tsatanetsatane .
Komanso, ena opanga makina osungira amalimbikitsa kusintha chiwerengero cha IOPS panjira kuchokera ku mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa 1000 kupita ku 1. Muzochita zathu, izi zinapangitsa kuti "kufinya" ntchito zambiri kuchokera kusungirako zosungirako ndikuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yofunikira pa failover. ngati wolamulira akulephera kapena kusintha. Yang'anani malingaliro a ogulitsa, ndipo ngati palibe zotsutsana, yesani kusintha izi. Tsatanetsatane .
Zowerengera zoyambira zamakina a disk subsystem performance counters
Zowerengera za Disk subsystem mu vCenter zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magawo a Datastore, Disk, Virtual Disk:
gawo Masewera pali ma metrics a vSphere disk storages (datastore) pomwe ma disks a VM ali. Apa mupeza zowerengera zokhazikika za:
- IOPS (Chiwerengero chowerengera / kulemba zopempha pamphindikati),
- kuchuluka (kuwerengera / kulemba),
- kuchedwa (Werengani/Lembani/Kuchedwa kwambiri).
Kwenikweni, zonse zimamveka bwino kuchokera ku mayina a zowerengera. Ndiroleni ndikufotokozereninso kuti ziwerengero pano si za VM yeniyeni (kapena VM disk), koma ziwerengero zonse za sitolo yonse. M'malingaliro anga, ndikosavuta kuyang'ana ziwerengero izi mu ESXTOP, osachepera potengera kuti nthawi yoyezera pang'ono pali masekondi awiri.
gawo litayamba pali ma metric pazida zotchinga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi VM. Pali zowerengera za IOPS zamtundu wa chidule (chiwerengero cha zolowetsa/zotulutsa munthawi yoyezera) ndi zowerengera zingapo zokhudzana ndi kutsekereza kulowa (Malamulo achotsedwa, kukhazikitsidwanso kwa Mabasi). M'malingaliro anga, ndizosavuta kuwona izi mu ESXTOP.
Gawo Virtual Disk - zothandiza kwambiri pakuwona zovuta za magwiridwe antchito a VM disk subsystem. Apa mutha kuwona magwiridwe antchito pa disk iliyonse. Izi ndizomwe zimafunikira kuti mumvetsetse ngati makina enieni ali ndi vuto. Kuphatikiza pa zowerengera zowerengera za kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a I/O, kuwerenga / kulemba voliyumu ndi kuchedwa, gawoli lili ndi zowerengera zothandiza zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa block: Werengani / Lembani kukula kwa pempho.
Pachithunzichi chili m'munsimu ndi graph ya VM disk performance, komwe mungathe kuona chiwerengero cha IOPS, latency ndi block size.
Mutha kuwonanso zoyezetsa zogwirira ntchito mu sitolo yonse ngati SIOC yayatsidwa. Nazi zambiri zoyambira pafupipafupi Latency ndi IOPS. Mwachisawawa, chidziwitsochi chikhoza kuwonedwa mu nthawi yeniyeni.
Chithunzi cha ESXTOP
ESXTOP ili ndi zowonetsera zingapo zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso pa disk subsystem yonse, makina enieni ndi ma disks awo.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chidziwitso pa makina enieni. Chojambula cha "Disk VM" chimatchedwa "v":
Mtengo wa NVDISK ndi chiwerengero cha ma disks a VM. Kuti muwone zambiri pa disk iliyonse, dinani "e" ndikulowetsa GID ya VM yosangalatsa.
Tanthauzo la magawo otsala pazenerali ndi lomveka bwino kuchokera ku mayina awo.
Chophimba china chothandiza mukathetsa mavuto ndi Disk adapter. Amatchedwa "d" kiyi (magawo A,B,C,D,E,G asankhidwa pachithunzi pansipa):
NPTH - chiwerengero cha njira zopita ku mwezi zomwe zimawoneka kuchokera ku adaputala iyi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri panjira iliyonse pa adaputala, dinani "e" ndikulowetsa dzina la adaputala:
Mtengo wa AQLEN - kukula kwakukulu kwa mzere pa adaputala.
Komanso pazenerali pali zowerengera zochedwa zomwe ndidazinena pamwambapa: KAVG/cmd, GAVG/cmd, DAVG/cmd, QAVG/cmd.
Chojambula cha chipangizo cha Disk, chomwe chimatchedwa kukanikiza "u", chimapereka chidziwitso pazida zamtundu uliwonse - miyezi (minda A, B, F, G, ndasankhidwa pachithunzi pansipa). Apa mutha kuwona momwe pamzere wa mwezi ulili.
Mtengo wa DQLEN - kukula kwa mzere wa chipangizo chotchinga.
ZOCHITIKA - chiwerengero cha malamulo a I / O mu kernel ya ESXi.
QUED - chiwerengero cha malamulo a I / O pamzere.
%USD - ACTV / DQLEN Γ 100%.
KUKONDA - (ACTV + QUED) / DQLEN.
Ngati % USD ndiyokwera, muyenera kuganizira zokulitsa mzerewu. Malamulo ochulukirapo pamzere, amakweza QAVG ndipo, motero, KAVG.
Mutha kuwonanso pazenera la chipangizo cha Disk ngati VAAI (vStorage API for Array Integration) ikugwira ntchito pazosungira. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani minda A ndi O.
Makina a VAAI amakulolani kusamutsa gawo la ntchitoyo kuchokera ku hypervisor molunjika kumalo osungirako, mwachitsanzo, zeroing, kukopera midadada kapena kutsekereza.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzi pamwambapa, VAAI imagwira ntchito pazosungira izi: Zoyambira za Zero ndi ATS zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.
Malangizo kukhathamiritsa ntchito ndi litayamba subsystem pa ESXi
- Samalani kukula kwa chipika.
- Khazikitsani kukula kwa mzere wabwino kwambiri pa HBA.
- Musaiwale kuyatsa SIOC pamasamba osungira.
- Sankhani PSP molingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga makina osungira.
- Onetsetsani kuti VAAI ikugwira ntchito.
Zothandiza pamutuwu:
Source: www.habr.com