Monga momwe owerenga athu amadziwira, Qrator.Radar imayang'ana mosatopa kulumikizidwa kwapadziko lonse kwa protocol ya BGP, komanso kulumikizana kwamadera. Popeza "Intaneti" ndi yochepa kwa "maukonde olumikizana," njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ndi yabwino kwambiri komanso yothamanga kwambiri ndikulumikizana kolemera komanso kosiyanasiyana kwa maukonde amunthu, omwe chitukuko chake chimalimbikitsidwa makamaka ndi mpikisano.
Kukhazikika kwa intaneti mdera lililonse kapena dziko kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa njira zina pakati pa machitidwe odziyimira pawokha - AS. Komabe, monga talembera mobwerezabwereza Kukhazikika kwapadziko lonse kwa magawo a netiweki yapadziko lonse lapansi, njira zina zimakhala zofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zina (mwachitsanzo, njira zopita ku Tier-1 kapena ma AS omwe amakhala ndi ma seva ovomerezeka a DNS) - izi zikutanthauza kuti kukhalapo kwa njira zina zambiri momwe zingathere Pamapeto pake, iyi ndi njira yokhayo yotsimikizirira kudalirika kwadongosolo (mwa AS).
Nthawi ino, tiyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe ka gawo la intaneti la Russian Federation. Pali zifukwa zoyang'anira gawo ili: malinga ndi zomwe zaperekedwa ndi database ya RIPE registrar, 6183 AS mwa 88664 olembetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi a Russian Federation, omwe ndi 6,87%.
Peresenti iyi imayika Russia pamalo achiwiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha chizindikirochi, pambuyo pa United States (30,08% ya AS yolembetsedwa) komanso Brazil isanachitike, yomwe ili ndi 6,34% ya machitidwe onse odziyimira pawokha. Zotsatira zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kulumikizana kwa Russia , kudalira kapena moyandikana ndi kulumikizidwa kwapatsidwa ndipo, potsiriza, pamlingo wa pafupifupi aliyense wopereka intaneti.
mwachidule
Chithunzi 1. Kugawidwa kwa machitidwe odziyimira pawokha pakati pa mayiko a IPv4 ndi IPv6, mayiko 20 apamwamba
Mu IPv4, 33933 mwa 774859 ma prefixes owoneka padziko lonse lapansi amalengezedwa ndi opereka intaneti ochokera ku Russian Federation, omwe akuyimira 4,38% ndikuyika gawo la intaneti yaku Russia pamalo achisanu paudindowu. Ma prefixes awa, olengezedwa kuchokera ku gawo la RU, amaphimba 4,3*10^7 ma adilesi apadera a IP mwa 2,9*10^9 olengezedwa padziko lonse lapansi—1,51%, malo 11.
Chithunzi 2. Kugawidwa kwa ma prefixes a netiweki pakati pa mayiko a IPv4, mayiko 20 apamwamba
Mu IPv6, 1831 mwa 65532 ma prefixes owoneka padziko lonse lapansi amalengezedwa ndi ISPs ochokera ku Russian Federation, kuyimira 2,79% ndi 7th. Mawu oyambawa amaphimba 1.3*10^32 maadiresi apadera a IPv6 mwa 1,5*10^34 olengezedwa padziko lonse lapansi—0,84% ndi malo 18.
Chithunzi 3. Kugawidwa kwa ma prefixes a netiweki pakati pa mayiko a IPv6, mayiko 20 apamwamba
Kukula mwamakonda
Imodzi mwa njira zambiri zowonera kulumikizana ndi kudalirika kwa intaneti m'dziko lina ndikuyika machitidwe odziyimira pawokha a dera lomwe laperekedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma prefixes omwe amalengezedwa. Njirayi, komabe, imakhala pachiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa njira, yomwe imasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikusefa ma prefixes osokonekera kwambiri pazida za omwe amapereka intaneti, makamaka chifukwa chakukula kosalekeza komanso kosalephereka kwa matebulo olowera omwe amakumbukira.
Opambana 20 IPv4
Opambana 20 IPv6
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiwerengero cha ma prefixes
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiwerengero cha ma prefixes
2279
56
1283
51
1197
30
930
26
521
20
44050
PIN-AS
366
42385
Chithunzi cha RIPN-RU
20
197695
AS-REGRU
315
51604
EKAT-AS
19
12772
ENFORTA-AS
291
51819
YAR-AS
19
41704
OGS-AS
235
50543
SARATOV-AS
18
57129
RU-SERVERSGET-KRSK
225
52207
TULA-AS
18
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
216
206066
TELEDOM-AS
18
49505
SELECTEL
213
57026
CHEB-AS
18
12714
TI-AS
195
49037
MGL-AS
17
15774
Chithunzi cha TTK-RTL
193
41682
ERTH-TMN-AS
17
12418
QUANTUM
191
21191
ASN-SEVERTTK
16
50340
SELECTEL-MSK
188
41843
ERTH-OMSK-AS
15
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
184
42682
ERTH-NNOV-AS
15
50113
SuperServersDatacenter
181
50498
LIPETSK-AS
15
31163
MF-KAVKAZ-AS
176
50542
VORONEZH-AS
15
21127
ZSTTKAS
162
51645
IRKUTSK-AS
15
Table 1. AS kukula ndi chiwerengero cha prefixes analengeza
Timagwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa adilesi yolengezedwa ngati njira yodalirika yofananira kukula kwa makina odziyimira pawokha, omwe amatsimikizira kuthekera kwake ndi malire omwe angakulire. Metric iyi simakhala yofunikira nthawi zonse mu IPv6 chifukwa cha mfundo zaposachedwa za RIPE NCC IPv6 zogawira maadiresi komanso kuchotsedwa ntchito komwe kumapangidwa mu protocol.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, izi zidzayenderana ndi kukula kwa kugwiritsa ntchito IPv6 mu gawo la Russia la intaneti ndi chitukuko cha machitidwe ogwirira ntchito ndi IPv6 protocol.
Opambana 20 IPv4
Opambana 20 IPv6
ASN
Dzina la AS
Nambala ya ma adilesi a IP
ASN
Dzina la AS
Nambala ya ma adilesi a IP
8994816
2.76*10^30
2228864
2.06*10^30
1206272
1.43*10^30
1162752
1.35*10^30
872608
1.27*10^30
31200
mlengi
566272
34241
NCT-AS
1.27*10^30
42610
NCNET-AS
523264
202984
gulu-wotsogolera
1.27*10^30
25513
ASN-MGTS-USPD
414464
12695
DINET-AS
9.51*10^29
39927
Elight-AS
351744
206766
INETTECH1-AS
8.72*10^29
20485
Malingaliro a kampani TRANSTELECOM
350720
20485
Malingaliro a kampani TRANSTELECOM
7.92*10^29
8342
RTCOMM-AS
350464
12722
RECONN
7.92*10^29
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
336896
47764
mailru-monga
7.92*10^29
8369
INTERSVYAZ-AS
326912
44050
PIN-AS
7.13*10^29
28812
JSCBIS-AS
319488
45027
INETTECH-AS
7.13*10^29
12332
PRIMORYE-AS
303104
3267
Mtengo wa RUNNET
7.13*10^29
20632
PETERSTAR-AS
284416
34580
UNITLINE_MSK_NET1
7.13*10^29
8615
CNT-AS
278528
25341
LINIYA-AS
7.13*10^29
35807
Zithunzi za SkyNet-SPB-AS
275968
60252
OST-LLC-AS
7.13*10^29
3267
Mtengo wa RUNNET
272640
28884
MR-SIB-MTSAS
6.73*10^29
41733
ZTELECOM-AS
266240
42244
ESERVER
6.44*10^29
Table 2. AS kukula ndi chiwerengero cha ma adilesi otsatsa a IP
Ma metrics onsewo—chiwerengero cha ma prefixes otsatiridwa ndi kukula kwa maadiresi—akhoza kusinthidwa. Ngakhale sitinawone khalidwe lotere kuchokera ku ma AS omwe atchulidwa panthawi yophunzira.
Kulumikizana
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamaubwenzi pakati pa machitidwe odziyimira pawokha:
• Makasitomala: amalipira AS wina pamayendedwe apamsewu;
• Wocheza naye: AS kusinthanitsa anthu ake ndi makasitomala kwaulere;
• Wopereka chithandizo: amalandira ndalama zoyendetsera magalimoto kuchokera ku ma AS ena.
Kawirikawiri, maubwenzi amtunduwu ndi ofanana kwa onse awiri opereka intaneti, omwe amatsimikiziridwa m'chigawo cha Russian Federation chomwe tikuchiganizira. Komabe, nthawi zina zimachitika kuti ma ISP awiri ali ndi maubwenzi osiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo kugawana kwaulere ku Ulaya koma kukhala ndi ubale wamalonda ku Asia.
Opambana 20 IPv4
Opambana 20 IPv6
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiwerengero cha makasitomala m'derali
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiwerengero cha makasitomala m'derali
818
94
667
82
589
77
467
72
313
70
20764
RASCOM-AS
223
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
58
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
220
8359
MTS
51
8732
COMCOR-AS
170
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
40
2854
ROSPRINT-AS
152
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
32
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
143
3267
Mtengo wa RUNNET
26
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
143
25478
IHOME-AS
22
28917
Fiord-AS
96
28917
Fiord-AS
21
25159
SONICDUO-AS
94
199599
Mtengo wa magawo CIREX
17
3267
Mtengo wa RUNNET
93
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
13
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
87
8732
COMCOR-AS
12
13094
SFO-IX-AS
80
35000
Malingaliro a kampani PROMETEY
12
31261
GARS-AS
80
49063
Mtengo wa DTLN
11
25478
IHOME-AS
78
42861
Malingaliro a kampani FOTONTELECOM
10
12695
DINET-AS
76
56534
PIRIX-INET-AS
9
8641
NAUKANET-AS
73
48858
Milecom-monga
8
Gulu 3. Kulumikizana kwa AS ndi chiwerengero cha makasitomala
Kuchuluka kwamakasitomala a AS yopatsidwa kumawonetsa udindo wake monga wopereka mwachindunji mautumiki a intaneti kwa ogula.
Opambana 20 IPv4
Opambana 20 IPv6
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiwerengero cha anzawo m'derali
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiwerengero cha anzawo m'derali
638
266
579
201
498
189
497
177
474
176
41268
LANTA AS
432
3267
Mtengo wa RUNNET
86
15672
Mtengo wa TZTELECOM
430
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
78
39442
UNICO-AS
424
60764
TK-Telecom
74
39087
PAKT-AS
422
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
52
199805
UGO-AS
418
42861
Malingaliro a kampani FOTONTELECOM
32
200487
Zithunzi za FASTVPS
417
8359
MTS
28
41691
SUMTEL-AS-RIPE
399
20764
RASCOM-AS
26
13094
SFO-IX-AS
388
20485
Malingaliro a kampani TRANSTELECOM
17
60357
MEGAGROUP-AS
368
28917
Fiord-AS
16
41617
SOLID-IFC
347
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
14
51674
Mehanika-AS
345
60388
TRANSNEFT-TELECOM-AS
14
49675
SKBKONTUR-AS
343
42385
Chithunzi cha RIPN-RU
13
35539
INFOLINK-T-AS
310
3216
SOVAM-AS
12
42861
Malingaliro a kampani FOTONTELECOM
303
49063
Mtengo wa DTLN
12
25227
ASN-AVANTEL-MSK
301
44843
OBTEL-AS
11
Table 4. Kulumikizana kwa AS ndi chiwerengero cha anzanu
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabwenzi omwe amagwirizana nawo amatha kusintha kwambiri kulumikizana kwa dera lonse. Kusinthanitsa kwa intaneti (IX) ndikofunikira, ngakhale sizofunikira, apa - ma ISP akulu kwambiri satenga nawo gawo pakusinthana kwamadera (ndipo zochepa zodziwika, monga NIXI) chifukwa cha bizinesi yawo.
Kwa omwe amapereka zokhutira, kuchuluka kwa omwe amagwirizana nawo kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe apangidwa - chilimbikitso chosinthira ndalama zambiri kwaulere ndichinthu cholimbikitsa (chokwanira kwa ambiri omwe amapereka intaneti) kuti awone wopereka ngati woyenerera kukhala ndi anzanu. Palinso milandu yotsutsana pamene opereka zinthu sakugwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya chiwerengero chachikulu cha maulumikizano a m'madera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikirochi chisakhale cholondola kwambiri poyerekezera kukula kwa opereka zinthu, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe amapanga.
Opambana 20 IPv4
Opambana 20 IPv6
ASN
Dzina la AS
Kukula kwa koni ya kasitomala
ASN
Dzina la AS
Kukula kwa koni ya kasitomala
3083
335
2973
219
2587
205
2463
183
2318
166
8359
MTS
2293
3216
SOVAM-AS
143
20764
RASCOM-AS
2251
8359
MTS
143
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
1407
3267
Mtengo wa RUNNET
88
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
860
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
84
28917
Fiord-AS
683
28917
Fiord-AS
70
3267
Mtengo wa RUNNET
664
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
65
25478
IHOME-AS
616
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
54
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
476
25478
IHOME-AS
33
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
459
199599
Mtengo wa magawo CIREX
24
57724
DDOS-GUARD
349
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
20
13094
SFO-IX-AS
294
39134
UNITEDNET
20
199599
Mtengo wa magawo CIREX
290
15835
MAP
15
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
227
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
14
201706
AS-SERVICEPIPE
208
35000
Malingaliro a kampani PROMETEY
14
8641
NAUKANET-AS
169
49063
Mtengo wa DTLN
13
Gulu 5. Kulumikizana kwa AS ndi kukula kwa koni ya kasitomala
Koni ya kasitomala ndi seti ya ma AS onse omwe amadalira mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina yodziyimira payokha. Kuchokera pamalingaliro azachuma, AS iliyonse mkati mwa koni yamakasitomala ndi, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, kasitomala wolipira. Pamwambamwamba, chiwerengero cha ma AS mkati mwa koni ya kasitomala, komanso chiwerengero cha ogula mwachindunji, ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kugwirizana.
Pomaliza, takukonzerani tebulo lina loyang'ana kulumikizana ndi RuNet pachimake. Pomvetsetsa kapangidwe ka gawo lolumikizana ndi dera, kutengera kuchuluka kwa makasitomala achindunji komanso kukula kwa koni yamakasitomala kwa AS iliyonse m'derali, titha kuwerengera momwe aliri kutali ndi ma ISPs akulu kwambiri am'deralo. Kutsika kwa nambala, kumapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kukwezeke. "1" amatanthauza kuti njira zonse zowonekera zimakhala ndi kulumikizana kwachindunji kudera lapakati.
IPv4 pamwamba 20
IPv6 pamwamba 20
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiyerekezo cha kulumikizana
ASN
Dzina la AS
Chiyerekezo cha kulumikizana
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.07
1.05
13238
YANDEX
1.1
8470
MAcomnet
1.17
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.11
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
1.19
48061
GPM-TECH-AS
1.11
41722
MIRAN-AS
1.2
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
1.11
8359
MTS
1.22
8359
MTS
1.12
60879
ZINTHU ZOTHANDIZA-AS
1.25
41268
LANTA AS
1.13
41268
LANTA AS
1.25
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
1.16
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
20485
Malingaliro a kampani TRANSTELECOM
1.18
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
1.25
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
1.18
44943
RAMNET-AS
1.25
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
1.23
12714
TI-AS
1.25
57629
IVI-RU
1.25
47764
mailru-monga
1.25
48297
CHIWANDA
1.25
44267
IESV
1.25
42632
MNOGOBYTE-AS
1.25
203730
Chithunzi cha SVIAZINVESTREGION
1.25
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.25
12668
ZOCHIZWITSA-AS
1.25
24739
SEVEREN-TELECOM
1.29
Tebulo 6. Kulumikizana kwa AS ndi mtunda mpaka pachimake cha kulumikizana kwachigawo
Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani kuti pakhale kulumikizidwa kwathunthu, ndipo chifukwa chake, kukhazikika, kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha dziko lililonse, makamaka Russian Federation? Nayi njira zochepa chabe:
- Kuchotsera misonkho ndi zopindulitsa zina kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo osinthira magalimoto, komanso mwayi wofikirako kwaulere;
- Malo osavuta kapena otsika mtengo poyala mizere yolumikizirana ya fiber-optic;
- Kuchititsa magawo ophunzitsira ndi maphunziro kwa ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo kumadera akutali, kuphatikiza zokambirana ndi njira zina zophunzitsira za njira zabwino zogwirira ntchito ndi BGP. RIPE NCC imakonza ena mwa iwo, .
Zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa ndi gawo la kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Qrator Labs pa gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la intaneti la Russian Federation (lotchedwanso "Runet"), kutengera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndikukonzedwa mkati mwa polojekitiyi. . Kuwonetsedwa kwa phunziro lonse kumalengezedwa ngati msonkhano mkati mwa dongosolo la mu July. Pempho la data yofananira ya zigawo zamayiko ena ndi zigawo zitha kutumizidwa ku adilesi ya imelo .
Source: www.habr.com