Masiku ano pa intaneti nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza milandu pa migodi ya BTC ndi ma altcoins omwe ali ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kopindulitsa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi a ASIC. Pamene kusinthana kukukwera, chidwi cha migodi chikubwerera, ndipo nyengo yozizira ya crypto inasiya zida zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika wachiwiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku China, kumene mtengo wa magetsi sunalole kuti munthu aziwerengera ngakhale phindu lochepa la crypto-emissions kumayambiriro kwa chaka, zikwi za zipangizo zotsika mtengo zinawonekera pamsika wachiwiri.
Ogwira ntchito m'migodi a ASIC awa adagulidwa mochuluka ndi odziwa bwino ntchito ndipo tsopano akuperekedwa mochulukira pamsika waku China komanso kunja. Ndalama zochititsa chidwi zidagulidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku migodi aku China kumapeto kwa masika. Ma ASIC angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse amapita ku Russia.
Ena amalonda a crypto amakhulupirira kuti, ndi ntchito zofanana, ASIC yogwiritsidwa ntchito imalipira mofulumira chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika. Muzochitika zingapo zapadera izi ndizochitikadi. Nthawi yomweyo, pali malipoti azovuta za kuzizira, kulephera mwadzidzidzi komanso kuchepa kwa hashrate. M'munsimu odulidwawo ndi za ubwino ndi zoopsa za kugwiritsa ntchito zida za migodi zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Cholembacho chilibe chidziwitso chokhudza phindu la migodi, kapena mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zina za cryptocurrencies migodi. Kutchula kulikonse kwa opanga, ogwira ntchito, maiwe ndi zofalitsa sizikugwirizana ndi kutsatsa ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza gwero la chidziwitso. Zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zimasonkhanitsidwa malinga ndi zochitika zaumwini, zochitika za amalonda ndi makampani omwe amapereka ntchito za migodi ya mafakitale, komanso kuchokera pazokambirana pamagulu operekedwa ku cryptocurrencies. Chifukwa chakusakhazikika komanso kudalira kwa ndalama za Digito pamsika, lero palibe chomwe chimatsimikizira phindu la ndalama zamigodi.
Nkhani ya chitsimikizo ndi zoopsa zomwe zingatheke
Amadziwika kuti chitsimikizo pa mgodi (mwachitsanzo, wotchuka Antminer S9 kuchokera Bitmain) pafupifupi konse upambana 3 miyezi. Monga lamulo, ASIC yogwiritsidwa ntchito idagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali ndipo imatsimikiziridwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza. Simufunikanso kukhala katswiri waukadaulo kuti mumvetsetse kuti njira zogwirira ntchito zotere sizimapangitsa chipangizocho kukhala chodalirika. Ngati mavuto oterewa achitika ndi chipangizo chatsopano, ogwiritsa ntchito amatetezedwa ndi chitsimikizo. Mukagula zida zomwe zagwiritsidwa kale ntchito, ndizotheka kuti muzitha kuyang'ana ndi siteshoni ya soldering.
Chitsimikizo sichinthu chapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pamene mphamvu ya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa migodi ndipamwamba ndipo mikhalidwe imasiya kufunidwa. Mulimonsemo, ichi ndi chitetezo kwakanthawi ku zovuta zomwe zingatheke m'magawo oyamba ogwiritsira ntchito ASIC.
Chowonadi chakale ndikuti mavuto ambiri okhala ndi zida zamagetsi zovuta zimachitika kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa moyo wawo. Zoyambazo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolakwika zopanga - chitsimikizo chimateteza kwa iwo; ochedwa, monga lamulo, amayamba chifukwa cha kuvala kwachilengedwe ndi kung'ambika.
Zimadziwikanso kuti mavuto oziziritsa, komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha tchipisi, amapezeka nthawi 4 mwa oyendetsa migodi atsopano kuposa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ASIC yatsopano ikhoza kubwezeredwa pansi pa chitsimikizo, pamene yogwiritsidwa ntchito idzafuna ndalama pokonzanso.
Momwe ASIC amamwalira
Kuti timvetsetse mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zingachitike kwa woyendetsa migodi, ndikupangira kuti tiganizire mndandanda wa zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera ndi kuwonongeka kwa chipangizocho.
Monga tanenera kale, choyamba, nkhani yodalirika imakhudza kwambiri zinthu zamakina, mwachitsanzo, kuzizira. Izi zimathandizidwa makamaka ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zafumbi, kugwedezeka kwanthawi zonse kwa ma trusses okhala ndi zida zomwe zidayikidwapo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafani otsika mtengo omwe ali ndi zida zochepa komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika pamapangidwe.
Fumbi lotsekeka m'mitseko yaukadaulo, komanso zosefera zotsika kwambiri, zimachepetsa kuziziritsa bwino, zimawonjezera kukangana pakugwira ntchito kwa mafani, ndikuwonjezera chiwopsezo cha chipangizocho kuti chigwire moto pa kutentha kwambiri pazida za board. Kutentha kwa tchipisi kukafika pamlingo wovuta (madigiri 115 Celsius), bolodi yosindikizidwa imatha kusokoneza, zomwe zimabweretsa kulephera kwathunthu kwa hashboard.
Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti opanga nthawi zambiri amawapatsa tchipisi tapamwamba kwambiri atangotulutsa ma ASIC. Chida chikadziwika, mtundu wa tchipisi umatsika. Inde pa forum ogwiritsa kusiyana kwa tchipisi kwa ochita migodi otchuka a Antminer S9, omwe, malinga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, anali ndi tchipisi chodalirika mpaka Novembala 2017.
Akatswiri aukadaulo ochokera ku BitCluster, kampani yayikulu yaku Russia, yomwe imayang'anira zida zomwe zili m'mahotela amigodi a kampaniyo, amazindikira mitundu iwiri ya kuwonongeka kwa chip chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kugwedezeka - kutenthedwa (makamaka kuwonongeka kwamafuta kwa chip mu mawonekedwe osungunuka. za mlandu) ndi kutaya (makamaka makina kuwonongeka kwa chip mu mawonekedwe a chiwonongeko cha microcircuit nyumba, delamination). Akatswiri amati amakumana ndi izi nthawi zambiri akamagwiritsa ntchito ma ASIC ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi yotsimikizira itatha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogwira ntchito m'migodi atsopano amakhala ndi mavuto otere nthawi zambiri.
Wochita bizinesi wa Crypto Andrey Kopytov wochokera ku St. M'malingaliro ake, ma microcircuits ovuta amatha kuwoneka asanalephere poyesedwa. Amakhulupirira kuti asanalephere, ma hashrate a tchipisi ovuta amatsika kwambiri, omwe sangawonekere poyang'ana hashrate yonse ngati chipangizocho chikugwedezeka.
Zakale m'malo mwa zatsopano
Mu June za chiwembu chachinyengo chomwe cholinga chake ndi kunyenga omwe amagula ogula atsopano. Malinga ndi zofalitsa zapaintaneti, kwa miyezi ingapo kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi kwakula kwambiri ndipo Antminer S9, S9i ndi S9j atchuka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake akukhulupirira kuti S9 yomwe yatchulidwa kale ndi yofunika kwambiri masiku ano mukusintha kwa S9j pa 14,5 TH / s, mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 33-35 zikwi.
Chofunikira cha chiwembuchi ndikuti Antminer S9 osawoneka bwino omwe ali ndi 13,5 TH / s amagulitsidwa motengera S9j yatsopano yokhala ndi 14,5 TH / s, atatha kumamatiranso zomata pa thupi la chipangizocho komanso pama board a hashi. Kuti apeze phindu, akathyali nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito migodi akale, otopa, kuwatsuka ndi fumbi asanawamata. Polandira chitsanzo chosapanga bwino m'malo mokhala ndi chiyembekezo, wochita bizinesi wa crypto yemwe adagula ASIC yotere amakhala pachiwopsezo chokumana ndi tchipisi tawotchedwa.
Deta yodalirika ya chipangizocho ingapezeke poyang'ana manambala achinsinsi, omwe samachitika nthawi zonse ndi aliyense. Palinso njira ina - kuyeza hashrate yeniyeni. Kuwunika ndi firmware sikumapereka zotsatira, chifukwa pulogalamuyo nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa kukhala zatsopano. Zowoneka, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito sali osiyana ndi a mgodi watsopano. Firmware iyi imawonetsa ziwerengero za ogwiritsa ntchito ("jakes" ndi "ikes") pa intaneti. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziwerengero zenizeni zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zabodza.
Njira ina ndi overclocking. Ogulitsa migodi owonjezera amatha kugulitsidwa ngati atsopano + kapena akale. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chipangizocho chimachokera ku mgodi wokhala ndi tchipisi zingapo zowotchedwa. Mothandizidwa ndi firmware, tchipisi zowotchedwa zimachotsedwa padera, ndipo zina zonse zimaphimbidwa. Zotsatira zake, kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika kwa tchipisi zotsala (makamaka chifukwa cha kutenthedwa) kumawonjezeka kambirimbiri - kuziziritsa kumakhala kokhazikika ndipo pakapita nthawi tchipisi zotsalazo zimayakanso.
Achinyengo okhala ndi glued ndi overclocked ASICs nthawi zambiri amagwidwa pa Avito ndi zina malonda nsanja. Pali masitolo ambiri achi China ndi Russia omwe akugulitsa "zomata". Malingana ndi forklog, ku Moscow kokha kuli malo achinyengo 5 omwe akugulitsa zipangizo zoterezi.
Chitetezo cha kugula
Kwenikweni, zilibe kanthu kuti mwasankha kugula ASIC iti. Kaya ndi yatsopano kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito, pogula, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena. Tiyeni tiwatchule iwo mwachizolowezi "Njira yophweka yogulira mgodi wa ASIC osati kubedwa":
- Kutsimikizira kovomerezeka kwa manambala a serial kuchokera pa bolodi la chipangizo;
- Chotsani zida zokhala ndi mtengo wokayikira;
- Kuchita mayeso a hashrate yeniyeni;
- Kuyang'ana kowoneka kwa kukhalapo kwa fumbi (makamaka m'malo omwe kuli kovuta kuchotsa); kukhalapo kwa fumbi sikuvomerezeka mu chipangizo chatsopano komanso chosafunika mu chakale;
- Kuyang'ana magwiridwe antchito amakina, kuzizira koyenera, kutentha kwamafuta (phokoso la mafani, ngakhale a mgodi wogwiritsidwa ntchito, sayenera kupitilira mtengo womwe walengezedwa, kutentha kwa chipangizocho kuyeneranso kukhala kokhazikika komanso mkati mwanthawi zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa.
Ma firmwares ena akufunikanso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Nkhani zokhudzana ndi overclocking kwambiri popanda chiwopsezo chachikulu pa chipangizocho ziyenera kutengedwa ngati kulephera kwa wogulitsa kapena bodza ladala.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati tchipisi tawotcha?
Amalonda ambiri odziwa zambiri a crypto amalimbikitsa kuti pogula anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito m'migodi, konzekerani bajeti ya siteshoni ya soldering ndi tester hashplat pasadakhale. Zida izi, zokhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa komanso manja ocheperako (anu kapena akatswiri), zimakupatsani mwayi wozindikira tchipisi tazovuta ndikulowetsamo zomwe zikugwira ntchito. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pamene mwiniwake amachita overclocking.
Akatswiri aukadaulo ochokera kuhotela zamigodi amati chifukwa chachikulu cha "imfa" ya tchipisi ndi ntchito yosayenera. Mkati mwa hoteloyo, kukonzanso kutha kuchitidwa ndi mainjiniya ochokera ku malo opangira data migodi, kapena ndi akatswiri odziwa ntchito omwe abwera kuchokera kunja. Nthawi zina mutha kupeza ndemanga pa intaneti za kusamutsa kosavuta kuchita kuchokera kwa "wopereka" mgodi. Koma izi sizikuwoneka ngati zabwino chifukwa cha mitengo ya tchipisi tatsopano.
Zotsatira
Ubwino waukulu wa ma ASIC atsopano poyerekeza ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsimikizo. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, amateteza mwiniwake ku imfa yadzidzidzi ya zida kapena zinthu zake. Ubwino waukulu wa ma ASIC ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtengo. Ngati moyo wawo wautumiki sunathe ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi atsopano. Koma pakakhala zovuta zaukadaulo, simuyenera kudalira chitsimikizo (kupatula zida zomwe zimagulitsidwa panthawi ya chitsimikizo).
Pomaliza, sikungakhale kosayenera kubwereza mfundo zoyambira zogulira bwino wa mgodi. Mukamagula ASIC iliyonse, muyenera kuyang'ana manambala pa bolodi, kuyeza hashrate, ndipo moyenera, gwiritsani ntchito tester ya hashplate. Muyenera kukhala osamala mukakhala ndi firmware yosadziwika bwino, komanso samalani kwambiri ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fumbi kwambiri. Monga mwachizolowezi, ndidzakhala othokoza chifukwa cha ndemanga pa mutuwo ndi zowonjezera zina zothandiza pazinthuzo.
Zofunika!
Katundu wa Crypto, kuphatikiza Bitcoin, ndizovuta kwambiri (mitengo yawo imasintha pafupipafupi komanso kwambiri); kusintha kwamitengo yawo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro amsika. Choncho, ndalama iliyonse cryptocurrency ndi ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Ndingalimbikitse kwambiri kuyika ndalama mu cryptocurrency ndi migodi kwa anthu omwe ali olemera kwambiri kuti ngati ataya ndalama zawo sangamve zotsatira zake. Osayika ndalama zanu zomaliza, ndalama zomwe mwasunga zomaliza, chuma chanu chaching'ono pachilichonse, kuphatikiza ma cryptocurrencies.
Zithunzi zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Source: www.habr.com