Astra Linux "Chiwombankhanga" Common Edition: pali moyo pambuyo pa Windows

Talandira ndemanga yatsatanetsatane kuchokera kwa m'modzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito athu OS, yomwe tikufuna kugawana nanu.

Astra Linux ndi chochokera ku Debian chomwe chidapangidwa ngati gawo la pulogalamu yaulere yaku Russia yosinthira mapulogalamu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya Astra Linux, imodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku - Astra Linux "Chiwombankhanga" Common Edition. Russian OS kwa aliyense ndi yosangalatsa mwa tanthawuzo, ndipo ndikufuna kulankhula za Orel kuchokera kwa munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe atatu tsiku lililonse (Windows 10, Mac OS High Sierra ndi Fedora) ndipo wakhala wokhulupirika kwa Ubuntu komaliza. 13 zaka. Kutengera ndi chidziwitsochi, ndiwunikanso dongosololi poyang'ana kuyika, mawonekedwe, mapulogalamu, zofunikira za omanga komanso zosavuta kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana. Kodi Astra Linux idzachita bwanji poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ambiri? Ndipo ingasinthe Windows kunyumba?

Ikani Astra Linux

Okhazikitsa Astra Linux ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi okhazikitsa a Debian. Mwina yoyamba ndiyosavuta, chifukwa magawo ambiri amakhazikika mwachisawawa. Zonse zimayamba ndi mgwirizano walayisensi wamba motsutsana ndi maziko a nyumba zosakwera kwambiri. Mwinanso ku Orel.

Mfundo yofunikira pakuyika ndikusankha mapulogalamu omwe amabwera ndi dongosolo mwachisawawa. Zosankha zomwe zilipo zikukhudza ofesi yokhazikika ndi zosowa zantchito (za "omwe si opanga").

Komanso, zenera lomaliza ndi zina zowonjezera zoikamo: kutsekereza omasulira, kutonthoza, kutsatira, kukhazikitsa pang'ono kuphedwa, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, zonsezi, ngati kuli kofunikira, zitha kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake.

Dongosololi linayikidwa mkati mwa malo enieni okhala ndi zinthu zochepa (zogwirizana ndi machitidwe amakono). Panalibe zodandaula za liwiro ndi ntchito. Kukonzekera komwe kuyesako kunachitika kumafotokozedwa pansipa.

Kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi yosavuta: phiri iso chithunzi, ikani kudzera munjira yokhazikika yoyika ndikuwotcha GRUB bootloader.

Dongosololi silimafunikira zothandizira pa boot - pafupifupi 250-300 MB ya RAM poyambira pamawonekedwe apakompyuta.

Njira zina zoyambira: piritsi ndi foni yam'manja

Mukalowa muakaunti yanu, mutha kusankha kuchokera pazosankha zingapo zoyambitsa: zotetezedwa, kompyuta, foni yam'manja, kapena piritsi.

Mutha kuyatsa kiyibodi yowonekera pazenera pazida zogwira.

Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili zosangalatsa munjira zosiyanasiyana. Desktop ndi njira wamba pomwe dongosolo limafanana ndi Windows.

Tablet mode ndi oyenera kukhudza zazikulu zowonetsera. Kuwonjezera zoonekeratu zakunja kusiyana kuti Tingaone pa chithunzi pansipa, pali zina mawonekedwe mbali. Cholozera mu mawonekedwe a piritsi sichikuwoneka, batani lotseka mapulogalamu limayikidwa pa taskbar. Mapulogalamu azithunzi zonse amagwira ntchito mosiyana, mafayilo omwe ali mu fayilo amasankhidwa mosiyana.

Ndikoyenera kutchula mafoni a m'manja - zonse apa ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zili mu Android. Malo ojambulidwa a ntchentche amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'machitidwe okhudza, kukhudza kwautali kumagwira ntchito, komwe mungatchule menyu yankhani. Mafoni am'manja amawononga zochulukirapo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi desktop ndi piritsi.

Kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito ndikosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito piritsi yokhala ndi kiyibodi yotha pluggable ndipo, molingana ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito okhudza komanso osakhudza.

Kusintha kwadongosolo

Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo, muyenera kusintha. Kwambiri nkhokwe Astra Linux 14 phukusi zikwi (khola, mayeso и zoyesera nthambi). Nthambi yoyesera posachedwa ilandila zosintha zosakhazikika, kotero tiyesa nthambi yoyesera. Sinthani nkhokwe ku kuyesa.

Timayamba kukonzanso zosungirako ndikusintha dongosolo. Kuti muchite izi, dinani batani la "Sinthani" kumanzere kumanzere, kenako "Chongani zosintha zonse", kenako "Ikani". Timayambiranso.

Ndondomeko Yogwiritsa Ntchito

Ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano amapangidwa m'dongosolo kudzera pachitetezo chachitetezo chachitetezo.

Mwachikhazikitso, ntchito yolowera kutali imaperekedwa (Control Panel - System - Login).

Kuphatikiza pa gawo lapadera komanso lakutali, mutha kuyambitsa gawo lokhazikika (Yambani - Shutdown - Gawo).

Ziwiri zoyamba ndi zomveka. Gawo lachisawa ndi gawo lomwe limayambira pawindo la gawoli.

Magawo, mwa njira, amatha kutha pakatha nthawi yochedwa: musadikire kutha kwa ntchito yayitali, koma ingokhazikitsani kuzimitsa basi.

Interface ndi pulogalamu yokhazikika ya Astra Linux

Astra Linux Common Edition imakumbutsa za Debian monga zinalili zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kunja kwa Astra Linux Common Edition ikuyesera kuyandikira Windows.

Kuyenda ndikugwira ntchito ndi mafayilo ali pafupi ndi Windows kuposa Linux. Chithunzi chadongosolo chimabwera ndi pulogalamu yokhazikika: ofesi, maukonde, zithunzi, nyimbo, kanema. Zokonda padongosolo zimayikidwanso m'magulu akuluakulu. Mwachikhazikitso, zowonetsera zinayi zilipo.

Monga mukuwonera, LibreOffice imayikidwa ngati ofesi mudongosolo.

Gulu lowongolera ndi lofanana ndi Windows/Mac/etc ndikugawa makonda akulu pamalo amodzi.

Woyang'anira mafayilo ali ndi mawonekedwe amitundu iwiri ndipo amatha kuyika zolemba ngati zikwatu.

Woyang'anira mafayilo amatha kuwerengera macheke, kuphatikiza GOST R 34.11-2012.

Mozilla Firefox yakhazikitsidwa ngati msakatuli wokhazikika. Zimawoneka ngati zosasangalatsa, koma ndizokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, ndinatsegula ndikuyang'ana Habr watsopano. Masamba amaperekedwa, dongosolo silimawonongeka kapena kupachika.

Mayeso otsatirawa ndikusintha kwazithunzi. Tidatsitsa chithunzicho pamutu wankhani ya Habr, tidapempha makinawo kuti atsegule mu GIMP. Palibenso zachilendo pano.

Ndipo ndikuyenda pang'ono kwa dzanja, timawonjezera mayeso a KPDV mu imodzi mwazolemba. M'malo mwake, palibe kusiyana ndi machitidwe wamba a Linux pano.

Tiyeni tiyese kupyola zolemba zosavuta ndikuyika ma phukusi wamba kudzera pa apt-Get. 

Pambuyo pakusintha ma index:

sudo apt-get update

Pakuyesa, tidayika python3-pip, zsh ndikudutsa pakuyika oh-my-zsh (ndi kudalira kowonjezera kwa git). Dongosololi linagwira ntchito bwino.

Monga mukuonera, dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwino pamawonekedwe a tsiku ndi tsiku kwa wogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Ngati mukuyembekeza kuwona mapulogalamu omwe amadziwika ndi Debian/Ubuntu apa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwayikanso, pamanja (mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna maphukusi ngati ack-grep, amayikidwa kudzera pa curl/sh). Mutha kuwonjezera nkhokwe ku sources.list ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachizolowezi apt-get.

Zothandizira za Astra Linux

Zida zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndi gawo chabe la zomwe zimapezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Astra Linux. Kuphatikiza apo, opanga apanga zowonjezera zowonjezera zana zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa kudzera munkhokwe yomweyi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso dongosolo. 

Kuti mupeze zofunikira, ndikwanira kufufuza mawu oti "ntchentche" - zofunikira zonse zili ndi chiyambi chotere.

 
Ndizovuta kunena za mapulogalamu onse mkati mwa ndemanga imodzi, kotero tidzasankha zingapo zothandiza kuchokera pamalingaliro a wosuta wosavuta. Ntchito yanyengo ikuwonetsa zolosera zam'mizinda yosankhidwa ku Russia, ndizokongoletsedwa kudera la Russia.

Palinso chida chojambulira chosavuta chokhala ndi zosefera zingapo ndi zosankha zosaka mafayilo.

Pali njira yake yowunikira batri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kusintha komwe kumapangidwira kudzera pa chowerengera - kuzimitsa polojekiti, kugona, kugona.

Kusankhidwa kwa mafayilo omwe angathe kuchitidwa pamalamulo kumakutidwanso mu chipolopolo chazithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kufotokozera kuti "vi" iti yomwe dongosololi lidzasankhe poyendetsa lamulo.

Ndi pulogalamu yosiyana ya admin, mutha kukonza mapulogalamu omwe ayambike poyambitsa dongosolo.

Palinso kuwunika kwa GPS / GLONASS, komwe kumakhala kothandiza pafoni / piritsi (momwe gawo lofananira limakhalapo).

Ilinso ndi owerenga ake osavuta a PDF, pamayesero amakhazikitsidwa pa Free Culture buku lolemba Lawrence Lessig.

Mutha kuwerenga za zida zonse za Fly maulendo apakompyuta kwa Astra Linux, mu gawo la "Thandizo" la desktop.
 

Kusiyanitsa ndi machitidwe akuluakulu

Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro a maulamuliro, dongosololi liri ngati Windows XP yachikale, ndipo nthawi zina - zosiyana za Mac OS.

Pankhani ya zothandizira, kutonthoza ndi hardware, dongosololi ndi lofanana ndi lachikale la Debian, lomwe ndi labwino kwambiri komanso lodziwika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwewo a Ubuntu ndi Minted, ngakhale kuti apamwamba kwambiri sadzakhala ndi phukusi lokhazikika lazosungirako zonse.

Ngati ndiwonetsa zomwe ndakumana nazo pazithunzi za omwe angagwiritse ntchito, ndili ndi ziyembekezo zabwino za dongosolo latsopanoli. Kutengera zomwe adakumana nazo ndi Windows/Mac, ogwiritsa ntchito wamba azitha kukhala omasuka ndi Astra Linux Common Edition popanda mavuto. Ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito a Linux apamwamba kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu wa unix, azikhazikitsa zonse momwe angafunire.

Mtundu waposachedwa wa Astra Linux wakhazikitsidwa pa Debian 9.4 komanso uli ndi kernel yatsopano kuchokera ku Debian 10 (4.19). 

Zachidziwikire, pali mitundu yatsopano ya Ubuntu, koma pali chenjezo limodzi laling'ono koma lofunikira - si LTS (Kuthandizira Kwanthawi Yaitali). Mabaibulo a LTS a Ubuntu ali ofanana ndi Astra Linux malinga ndi mitundu ya phukusi. Ndinatenga deta ya Astra Linux (yotsimikizika ya Astra Linux Special Edition kuti ikhale yosavuta kutsatira masiku otulutsidwa a OS) kuchokera ku W.wikipedia, poyerekeza ndi nthawi yotulutsa mitundu ya LTS ya Ubuntu, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zidachitika: 

Kutulutsidwa kwa Ubuntu LTS
Kutulutsidwa kwa Astra Linux Special Edition

Tsiku
Mtundu
Tsiku
Mtundu

17.04.2014

14.04 LTS

19.12.2014

1.4

21.04.2016

16.04 LTS

08.04.2016

1.5

26.04.2018

18.04 LTS

26.09.2018

1.6

Vuto

Ubwino waukulu wa Astra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition:

• Sichigwa, sichimaundana, palibe zovuta zomwe zidawoneka.
• Amatsanzira bwino mawonekedwe a Windows NT/XP.
• Kuphweka ndi kuphweka kwa kukhazikitsa.
• Zofunikira zochepa zothandizira.
• Pulogalamu yayikulu imayikidwiratu: ofesi ya LibreOffice suite, mkonzi wazithunzi za GIMP, ndi zina zambiri.
• Gulu lalikulu la zowonjezera zowonjezera.
• Zomasulira za phukusili ndi zakale kuposa zaposachedwa za Ubuntu.
• Malo ake ndi ochepa kuposa a Ubuntu ndi Debian.

Kutsiliza: Mitundu yaposachedwa ya Ubuntu yomwe si ya LTS ndiyabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kuposa Astra.

Nthawi yomweyo, sizingakhale zofunikira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba azikhala pagawo la LTS, koma kwa mabungwe ndi njira yabwinobwino. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwa opanga ma Astra Linux omwe amayang'ana gawo lamakampani ndizomveka komanso zomveka.

Ponena za zolakwikazo, zimakhala zowona kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Linux, chifukwa kunja kwa Astra Linux "Chiwombankhanga" chiri pafupi kwambiri ndi Windows kuposa Linux. 

Astra Linux "Chiwombankhanga" Common Edition ikuwoneka ngati yosinthira bwino mawonekedwe aofesi a Windows monga gawo lakusintha kwa mapulogalamu aulere a mabungwe aboma, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kungawoneke ngati kosamala.

Kuchokera ku kampani ya Astra Linux: timalankhulana nthawi zonse ndi ogwiritsa ntchito makina athu ogwiritsira ntchito. Timalembedwa pafupipafupi za zomwe akuwona - osati okhawo omwe asintha posachedwa ku OS yathu, komanso ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu athu kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati muli ndi zidziwitso zomwe mwakonzeka kugawana ndikufotokozera zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ndi Astra, lembani mu ndemanga komanso pamasamba athu ochezera.

Source: www.habr.com