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Posachedwapa panatuluka nkhani kumene vuto lofananalo linathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale. Ndipo ngakhale ntchitoyi ndi yodziwika bwino, palibe chofanana ndi ichi pa Habré. Ndimayesetsa kupereka njinga yanga kwa anthu olemekezeka a IT.
Iyi sinjinga yoyamba kugwira ntchito yotereyi. Njira yoyamba idakhazikitsidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo mmbuyomo zovuta mtundu 1.x.x. Njingayi sinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri choncho imakhala dzimbiri nthawi zonse. M'lingaliro lakuti ntchitoyo siimatuluka nthawi zambiri pamene matembenuzidwe amasinthidwa zovuta. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse yomwe muyenera kuyendetsa, unyolo umagwa kapena gudumu limagwa. Komabe, gawo loyamba, kupanga ma configs, nthawi zonse limagwira ntchito momveka bwino, mwamwayi jinja2 Injiniyo idakhazikitsidwa nthawi yayitali. Koma gawo lachiwiri - kutulutsa ma configs - nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zodabwitsa. Ndipo popeza ndiyenera kutulutsa config kutali ndi zipangizo theka la zana, zina zomwe zili pamtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi kunali kotopetsa pang'ono.
Apa ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti kusatsimikizika kwanga kumakhala chifukwa chosadziwa zovutakuposa zofooka zake. Ndipo izi, mwa njira, ndi mfundo yofunika. zovuta ndi chosiyana kotheratu, dera lake lachidziwitso ndi DSL yake (Domain Specific Language), yomwe iyenera kusungidwa molimba mtima. Chabwino, mphindi imeneyo zovuta Ikukula mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo popanda kusamala mwapadera kuyanjana kwa msana, sikumawonjezera chidaliro.
Chifukwa chake, si kale kwambiri mtundu wachiwiri wa njingayo unakhazikitsidwa. Nthawi ino python, kapena kani pa chimango cholembedwamo python ndi python pansi pa dzina
Ndiye - Nornir ndi microframework yolembedwa mkati python ndi python ndi zopangidwira zokha. Chimodzimodzinso ndi nkhani zovuta, kuthetsa mavuto apa, kukonzekera koyenera kwa deta kumafunika, i.e. kufufuza kwa makamu ndi magawo awo, koma zolembedwa sizinalembedwe mu DSL yosiyana, koma mofanana osati yakale kwambiri, koma yabwino kwambiri p[i|i] ton.
Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chikugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chotsatirachi.
Ndili ndi ofesi yanthambi yokhala ndi maofesi angapo m'dziko lonselo. Ofesi iliyonse ili ndi rauta ya WAN yomwe imathetsa njira zingapo zoyankhulirana kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana. Njira yolowera ndi BGP. Ma routers a WAN amabwera m'mitundu iwiri: Cisco ISG kapena Juniper SRX.
Tsopano ntchito: muyenera sintha odzipatulira subnet kwa Video Anaziika pa doko osiyana pa onse WAN routers maukonde nthambi - lengezani subnet iyi mu BGP - sintha liwiro malire a doko odzipereka.
Choyamba, tiyenera kukonzekera angapo zidindo, pamaziko amene kasinthidwe adzakhala kwaiye padera kwa Cisco ndi Juniper. M'pofunikanso kukonzekera deta pa mfundo iliyonse ndi magawo ogwirizanitsa, i.e. sonkhanitsani zomwezo
Template yokonzeka ya Cisco:
$ cat templates/ios/base.j2
class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
match access-group 111
policy-map VIDEO_SURV
class VIDEO_SURV
police 1500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
interface {{ host.task_data.ifname }}
description VIDEOSURV
ip address 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.254 255.255.255.0
service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
router bgp {{ host.task_data.asn }}
network 10.40.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 mask 255.255.255.0
access-list 11 permit 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 0.0.0.255 anyTemplate ya Juniper:
$ cat templates/junos/base.j2
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 description "Video surveillance"
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 family inet filter input limit-in
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 family inet address 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.254/24
set policy-options policy-statement export2bgp term 1 from route-filter 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0/24 exact
set security zones security-zone WAN interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }}
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1m
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 187k
set firewall policer policer-1m then discard
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1500000
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 280k
set firewall policer policer-1.5m then discard
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then policer policer-1.5m
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then count limiterMa templates, ndithudi, samatuluka mu mpweya woonda. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri pakati pa masinthidwe ogwirira ntchito omwe analipo komanso anali atathetsa ntchitoyi pa ma routers awiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kuchokera pazithunzi zathu tikuwona kuti kuthetsa vutoli, timangofunika magawo awiri a Juniper ndi magawo atatu a Cisco. nazi:
- ifname
- ipsuffix
- asn
Tsopano tiyenera kukhazikitsa magawo awa pa chipangizo chilichonse, i.e. chitani chinthu chomwecho kufufuza.
chifukwa kufufuza Tidzatsatira zolembedwazo
ndiye kuti, tiyeni tipange mafupa amtundu womwewo:
.
├── config.yaml
├── inventory
│ ├── defaults.yaml
│ ├── groups.yaml
│ └── hosts.yamlFayilo ya config.yaml ndi fayilo yokhazikika ya nornir
$ cat config.yaml
---
core:
num_workers: 10
inventory:
plugin: nornir.plugins.inventory.simple.SimpleInventory
options:
host_file: "inventory/hosts.yaml"
group_file: "inventory/groups.yaml"
defaults_file: "inventory/defaults.yaml"Tiwonetsa magawo akulu mu fayilo host host.yaml, gulu (kwa ine awa ndi ma logins/password) mkati magulu.yamlndi defaults.yaml Sitiwonetsa kalikonse, koma muyenera kuyika mphindi zitatu pamenepo - kuwonetsa kuti ndi chilonda fayilo ilibe kanthu.
Izi ndi momwe hosts.yaml imawonekera:
---
srx-test:
hostname: srx-test
groups:
- juniper
data:
task_data:
ifname: fe-0/0/2
ipsuffix: 111
cisco-test:
hostname: cisco-test
groups:
- cisco
data:
task_data:
ifname: GigabitEthernet0/1/1
ipsuffix: 222
asn: 65111Ndipo nawa magulu.yaml:
---
cisco:
platform: ios
username: admin1
password: cisco1
juniper:
platform: junos
username: admin2
password: juniper2Izi n’zimene zinachitika kufufuza za ntchito yathu. Pakuyambitsa, magawo kuchokera pamafayilo azinthu amajambulidwa ku mtundu wa chinthu Zithunzi za InventoryElement.
Pansi pa wowonongayo pali chithunzi cha chitsanzo cha InventoryElement
print(json.dumps(InventoryElement.schema(), indent=4))
{
"title": "InventoryElement",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"hostname": {
"title": "Hostname",
"type": "string"
},
"port": {
"title": "Port",
"type": "integer"
},
"username": {
"title": "Username",
"type": "string"
},
"password": {
"title": "Password",
"type": "string"
},
"platform": {
"title": "Platform",
"type": "string"
},
"groups": {
"title": "Groups",
"default": [],
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"data": {
"title": "Data",
"default": {},
"type": "object"
},
"connection_options": {
"title": "Connection_Options",
"default": {},
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/ConnectionOptions"
}
}
},
"definitions": {
"ConnectionOptions": {
"title": "ConnectionOptions",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"hostname": {
"title": "Hostname",
"type": "string"
},
"port": {
"title": "Port",
"type": "integer"
},
"username": {
"title": "Username",
"type": "string"
},
"password": {
"title": "Password",
"type": "string"
},
"platform": {
"title": "Platform",
"type": "string"
},
"extras": {
"title": "Extras",
"type": "object"
}
}
}
}
}Chitsanzochi chikhoza kuwoneka chosokoneza pang'ono, makamaka poyamba. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pa Interactive mode nsato.
$ ipython3
Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov 7 2019, 10:44:02)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.1.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from nornir import InitNornir
In [2]: nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True)
In [3]: nr.inventory.hosts
Out[3]:
{'srx-test': Host: srx-test, 'cisco-test': Host: cisco-test}
In [4]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test'].data
Out[4]: {'task_data': {'ifname': 'fe-0/0/2', 'ipsuffix': 111}}
In [5]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test']['task_data']
Out[5]: {'ifname': 'fe-0/0/2', 'ipsuffix': 111}
In [6]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test'].platform
Out[6]: 'junos'
Ndipo potsiriza, tiyeni tipite ku script yokha. Ndilibe chonyadira kwambiri pano. Ndinangotenga chitsanzo chokonzekera kuchokera ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi osasinthika. Izi ndi zomwe script yomaliza imawoneka ngati:
from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir.plugins.tasks import networking, text
from nornir.plugins.functions.text import print_title, print_result
def config_and_deploy(task):
# Transform inventory data to configuration via a template file
r = task.run(task=text.template_file,
name="Base Configuration",
template="base.j2",
path=f"templates/{task.host.platform}")
# Save the compiled configuration into a host variable
task.host["config"] = r.result
# Save the compiled configuration into a file
with open(f"configs/{task.host.hostname}", "w") as f:
f.write(r.result)
# Deploy that configuration to the device using NAPALM
task.run(task=networking.napalm_configure,
name="Loading Configuration on the device",
replace=False,
configuration=task.host["config"])
nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True) # set dry_run=False, cross your fingers and run again
# run tasks
result = nr.run(task=config_and_deploy)
print_result(result)Samalani ndi chizindikiro dry_run=Zowona mu mzere woyambitsa chinthu nr.
Apa ndi chimodzimodzi zovuta kuyesa kwakhazikitsidwa komwe kulumikizidwa ndi rauta kumapangidwira, kusinthidwa kwatsopano kosinthidwa kumakonzedwa, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chipangizocho (koma izi sizotsimikizika; zimatengera chithandizo cha chipangizocho ndi kukhazikitsa kwa driver ku NAPALM) , koma kasinthidwe kwatsopano sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito pankhondo, muyenera kuchotsa parameter dry_run kapena kusintha mtengo wake chonyenga.
script ikachitidwa, Nornir amatulutsa zipika zatsatanetsatane ku console.
Pansipa wowonongayo pali kutulutsa kwa nkhondo yolimbana ndi ma routers awiri:
config_and_deploy***************************************************************
* cisco-test ** changed : True *******************************************
vvvv config_and_deploy ** changed : True vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
---- Base Configuration ** changed : True ------------------------------------- INFO
class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
match access-group 111
policy-map VIDEO_SURV
class VIDEO_SURV
police 1500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1
description VIDEOSURV
ip address 10.10.222.254 255.255.255.0
service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
router bgp 65001
network 10.10.222.0 mask 255.255.255.0
access-list 11 permit 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255 any
---- Loading Configuration on the device ** changed : True --------------------- INFO
+class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
+ match access-group 111
+policy-map VIDEO_SURV
+ class VIDEO_SURV
+interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1
+ description VIDEOSURV
+ ip address 10.10.222.254 255.255.255.0
+ service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
+router bgp 65001
+ network 10.10.222.0 mask 255.255.255.0
+access-list 11 permit 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255
+access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255 any
^^^^ END config_and_deploy ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* srx-test ** changed : True *******************************************
vvvv config_and_deploy ** changed : True vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
---- Base Configuration ** changed : True ------------------------------------- INFO
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 description "Video surveillance"
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet filter input limit-in
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.10.111.254/24
set policy-options policy-statement export2bgp term 1 from route-filter 10.10.111.0/24 exact
set security zones security-zone WAN interfaces fe-0/0/2
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1m
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 187k
set firewall policer policer-1m then discard
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1500000
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 280k
set firewall policer policer-1.5m then discard
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then policer policer-1.5m
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then count limiter
---- Loading Configuration on the device ** changed : True --------------------- INFO
[edit interfaces]
+ fe-0/0/2 {
+ unit 0 {
+ description "Video surveillance";
+ family inet {
+ filter {
+ input limit-in;
+ }
+ address 10.10.111.254/24;
+ }
+ }
+ }
[edit]
+ policy-options {
+ policy-statement export2bgp {
+ term 1 {
+ from {
+ route-filter 10.10.111.0/24 exact;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
[edit security zones]
security-zone test-vpn { ... }
+ security-zone WAN {
+ interfaces {
+ fe-0/0/2.0;
+ }
+ }
[edit]
+ firewall {
+ policer policer-1m {
+ if-exceeding {
+ bandwidth-limit 1m;
+ burst-size-limit 187k;
+ }
+ then discard;
+ }
+ policer policer-1.5m {
+ if-exceeding {
+ bandwidth-limit 1500000;
+ burst-size-limit 280k;
+ }
+ then discard;
+ }
+ filter limit-in {
+ term 1 {
+ then {
+ policer policer-1.5m;
+ count limiter;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
^^^^ END config_and_deploy ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Kubisa mawu achinsinsi mu ansible_vault
Kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi ndinadutsa pang'ono zovuta, koma si zoipa zonse. Ndimawakonda kwambiri chipinda monga, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ibise zinthu zobisika kuti zisamawoneke. Ndipo mwina ambiri awona kuti tili ndi ma logins / mawu achinsinsi onse omenyera ma routers owoneka bwino mufayilo. gorups.yaml. Sizokongola, ndithudi. Tiyeni titeteze deta iyi ndi chipinda.
Tiyeni tisinthe magawo kuchokera ku groups.yaml kupita ku creds.yaml, ndikuyibisa ndi AES256 yokhala ndi mawu achinsinsi a manambala 20:
$ cd inventory
$ cat creds.yaml
---
cisco:
username: admin1
password: cisco1
juniper:
username: admin2
password: juniper2
$ pwgen 20 -N 1 > vault.passwd
ansible-vault encrypt creds.yaml --vault-password-file vault.passwd
Encryption successful
$ cat creds.yaml
$ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
39656463353437333337356361633737383464383231366233386636333965306662323534626131
3964396534396333363939373539393662623164373539620a346565373439646436356438653965
39643266333639356564663961303535353364383163633232366138643132313530346661316533
6236306435613132610a656163653065633866626639613537326233653765353661613337393839
62376662303061353963383330323164633162386336643832376263343634356230613562643533
30363436343465306638653932366166306562393061323636636163373164613630643965636361
34343936323066393763323633336366366566393236613737326530346234393735306261363239
35663430623934323632616161636330353134393435396632663530373932383532316161353963
31393434653165613432326636616636383665316465623036376631313162646435Ndi zophweka choncho. Chatsalira kuphunzitsa athu Nornir-script kuti mutenge ndikugwiritsa ntchito deta iyi.
Kuti tichite izi, muzolemba zathu pambuyo pa mzere woyamba nr = InitNornir(config_file=... onjezani nambala iyi:
...
nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True) # set dry_run=False, cross your fingers and run again
# enrich Inventory with the encrypted vault data
from ansible_vault import Vault
vault_password_file="inventory/vault.passwd"
vault_file="inventory/creds.yaml"
with open(vault_password_file, "r") as fp:
password = fp.readline().strip()
vault = Vault(password)
vaultdata = vault.load(open(vault_file).read())
for a in nr.inventory.hosts.keys():
item = nr.inventory.hosts[a]
item.username = vaultdata[item.groups[0]]['username']
item.password = vaultdata[item.groups[0]]['password']
#print("hostname={}, username={}, password={}n".format(item.hostname, item.username, item.password))
# run tasks
...Zachidziwikire, vault.passwd siyenera kukhala pafupi ndi creds.yaml monga chitsanzo changa. Koma ndi bwino kusewera.
Ndizo zonse pakadali pano. Pali zolemba zina zingapo za Cisco + Zabbix zikubwera, koma izi sizongokhudza zokha. Ndipo posachedwa ndikukonzekera kulemba za RESTCONF ku Cisco.
Source: www.habr.com