Kuyesa kwamagetsi kwa ma microservices ku Docker kuti aphatikizidwe mosalekeza

M'mapulojekiti okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga za microservice, CI / CD imachoka pagulu la mwayi wokondweretsa kupita ku gulu lofunika kwambiri. Kuyesa kodziwikiratu ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizana kosalekeza, njira yoyenera yomwe ingapatse gulu madzulo ambiri osangalatsa ndi achibale ndi abwenzi. Kupanda kutero, chiwopsezo cha polojekitiyi sichidzamalizidwa.

Ndizotheka kuphimba nambala yonse ya microservice ndi mayeso a unit ndi zinthu zonyozeka, koma izi zimangothetsa vutoli pang'ono ndikusiya mafunso ndi zovuta zambiri, makamaka poyesa ntchito ndi data. Monga nthawi zonse, zomwe zikuvutitsa kwambiri ndikuyesa kusasinthika kwa data mu nkhokwe yolumikizana, kuyesa ntchito ndi ntchito zamtambo, ndikupanga malingaliro olakwika polemba zinthu zonyozeka.

Zonsezi ndi zina pang'ono zitha kuthetsedwa poyesa microservice yonse mu chidebe cha Docker. Ubwino wosakayikitsa pakuwonetsetsa kutsimikizika kwa mayeso ndikuti zithunzi zomwezo za Docker zomwe zimapangidwira zimayesedwa.

Automation ya njirayi imabweretsa mavuto angapo, yankho lomwe lidzafotokozedwe pansipa:

• mikangano ya ntchito zofananira pagulu lomwelo la docker;
• zizindikiritso zimasemphana munkhokwe panthawi yoyeserera;
• kuyembekezera kuti ma microservices akhale okonzeka;
• kuphatikiza ndi kutulutsa zipika ku machitidwe akunja;
• kuyesa zopempha za HTTP zomwe zikutuluka;
• kuyesa kwa socket (pogwiritsa ntchito SignalR);
• kuyesa kutsimikizika kwa OAuth ndi chilolezo.

Nkhaniyi yachokera pa kulankhula kwanga pa SECR 2019. Kotero kwa iwo omwe ali aulesi kwambiri kuti awerenge, apa pali chojambulidwa cha mawuwo.

M'nkhaniyi ndikuuzani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito script kuyendetsa ntchitoyo poyesedwa, database ndi Amazon AWS services ku Docker, ndiyeno kuyesa pa Postman ndipo, akamaliza, imani ndi kuchotsa zotengera zomwe zapangidwa. Mayesero amachitidwa nthawi iliyonse code ikasintha. Mwanjira iyi, timaonetsetsa kuti mtundu uliwonse umagwira ntchito moyenera ndi database ya AWS ndi ntchito.

Zolemba zomwezo zimayendetsedwa ndi omwe akupanga okha pa Windows desktops komanso ndi seva ya Gitlab CI pansi pa Linux.

Kuti zikhale zomveka, kubweretsa mayeso atsopano sikuyenera kuyika zida zowonjezera pakompyuta ya wopanga kapena pa seva pomwe mayeso amayendetsedwa mwachisawawa. Docker amathetsa vutoli.

Kuyesaku kuyenera kuchitika pa seva yapafupi pazifukwa izi:

• Maukonde si odalirika kwathunthu. Pa zopempha chikwi chimodzi chilephera;
  Pankhaniyi, kuyesa kokha sikungagwire ntchito, ntchitoyo idzasiya, ndipo muyenera kuyang'ana chifukwa mu zipika;
• Kupempha pafupipafupi sikuloledwa ndi mabungwe ena.

Kuphatikiza apo, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito choyimira chifukwa:

• Maimidwe akhoza kuthyoledwa osati kokha ndi code yoipa yomwe ikuyenda pa izo, komanso ndi deta yomwe code yolondola siyingathe kuikonza;
• Ziribe kanthu momwe tingayesere kubwezera zosintha zonse zomwe zidapangidwa ndi mayeso panthawi yoyeserera yokha, china chake chikhoza kusokonekera (kupanda kutero, chifukwa chiyani kuyesa?).

Za polojekiti ndi ndondomeko ya bungwe

Kampani yathu idapanga pulogalamu yapaintaneti ya microservice yomwe ikuyenda ku Docker mumtambo wa Amazon AWS. Mayeso a unit anali atagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pa polojekitiyi, koma zolakwika nthawi zambiri zinkachitika zomwe mayunitsiwo sanazindikire. Zinali zofunikira kuyesa microservice yonse pamodzi ndi nkhokwe ndi ntchito za Amazon.

Pulojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira yosalekeza, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyesa microservice ndikudzipereka kulikonse. Pambuyo popereka ntchito, wopangayo amasintha ku microservice, amayesa pamanja ndikuyesa mayeso onse omwe alipo. Ngati ndi kotheka, woyambitsa amasintha mayesero. Ngati palibe mavuto omwe apezeka, kudzipereka kumapangidwa ku nthambi ya nkhaniyi. Pambuyo pa kudzipereka kulikonse, mayesero amayendetsedwa pa seva. Kuphatikizidwa munthambi wamba ndikuyambitsa mayeso odziyimira pawokha kumachitika pambuyo powunikira bwino. Ngati mayeso omwe ali panthambi yogawana adutsa, ntchitoyo imasinthidwa zokha pamalo oyeserera pa Amazon Elastic Container Service (benchi). Choyimiriracho ndi chofunikira kwa onse opanga ndi oyesa, ndipo sikoyenera kuswa. Oyesa m'malo ano amayang'ana kukonza kapena chinthu chatsopano poyesa pamanja.

Kamangidwe ka polojekiti

Ntchitoyi imakhala ndi mautumiki oposa khumi. Zina mwa izo zalembedwa mu .NET Core ndi zina mu NodeJs. Ntchito iliyonse imayenda mu chidebe cha Docker mu Amazon Elastic Container Service. Iliyonse ili ndi database yake ya Postgres, ndipo ena amakhalanso ndi Redis. Palibe nkhokwe wamba. Ngati mautumiki angapo amafunikira deta yofanana, ndiye kuti detayi, ikasintha, imatumizidwa ku mautumikiwa kudzera pa SNS (Simple Notification Service) ndi SQS (Amazon Simple Queue Service), ndipo mautumikiwa amasunga m'mabuku awo osiyana.

SQS ndi SNS

SQS imakulolani kuti muyike mauthenga pamzere ndikuwerenga mauthenga kuchokera pamzere pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya HTTPS.

Ngati mautumiki angapo amawerenga pamzere umodzi, ndiye kuti uthenga uliwonse umafika kwa mmodzi wa iwo. Izi ndizothandiza poyendetsa maulendo angapo a ntchito yomweyo kuti mugawire katundu pakati pawo.

Ngati mukufuna kuti uthenga uliwonse utumizidwe kuzinthu zingapo, wolandira aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mzere wake, ndipo SNS imafunika kubwereza mauthenga m'mizere ingapo.

Mu SNS mumapanga mutu ndikulembetsa nawo, mwachitsanzo, mzere wa SQS. Mutha kutumiza mauthenga kumutu. Pankhaniyi, uthenga umatumizidwa pamzere uliwonse womwe umalembetsedwa pamutuwu. SNS ilibe njira yowerengera mauthenga. Ngati pakuwongolera kapena kuyesa muyenera kudziwa zomwe zatumizidwa ku SNS, mutha kupanga mzere wa SQS, kulembetsa ku mutu womwe mukufuna ndikuwerenga pamzerewu.

API Gateway

Ntchito zambiri sizipezeka mwachindunji kuchokera pa intaneti. Kufikira ndi kudzera pa API Gateway, yomwe imayang'ana ufulu wofikira. Uwunso ndi ntchito yathu, ndipo palinso mayeso ake.

Zidziwitso zenizeni zenizeni

Pulogalamuyi imagwiritsa ntchito SignalRkuwonetsa zidziwitso zenizeni kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazidziwitso. Imapezeka mwachindunji kuchokera pa intaneti ndipo imagwiranso ntchito ndi OAuth, chifukwa zidapezeka kuti sizinali zothekera kupanga zolumikizira pa Webusaiti mu Gateway, poyerekeza ndi kuphatikiza OAuth ndi ntchito yazidziwitso.

Njira Yodziwikiratu Yoyezetsa

Mayeso a mayunitsi amalowetsa zinthu monga database ndi zinthu zoseketsa. Ngati microservice, mwachitsanzo, ikuyesera kupanga mbiri mu tebulo ndi kiyi yachilendo, ndipo mbiri yotchulidwa ndi fungulolo palibe, ndiye pempho silingathe kuchitidwa. Mayeso a mayunitsi sangazindikire izi.

В nkhani kuchokera ku Microsoft Amapangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito database yamkati ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoseketsa.

In-memory database ndi imodzi mwama DBMS omwe amathandizidwa ndi Entity Framework. Idapangidwa kuti iyesedwe. Deta mu nkhokwe yoteroyo imasungidwa kokha mpaka njira yogwiritsira ntchitoyo ithe. Sichifuna kupanga matebulo ndipo sichiyang'ana kukhulupirika kwa deta.

Zinthu zonyozeka zimatengera kalasi yomwe akuisintha mpaka momwe wopanga mayeso amamvetsetsa momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Momwe mungapangire ma Postgres kuti ayambe ndi kusamuka mukamayesa sizinatchulidwe m'nkhani ya Microsoft. Yankho langa limachita izi ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, silimawonjezera nambala iliyonse yoyeserera ku microservice yokha.

Tiyeni tipitirire ku yankho

Panthawi yachitukuko, zinaonekeratu kuti mayesero a mayunitsi sanali okwanira kuti apeze mavuto onse panthawi yake, choncho adaganiza kuti agwirizane ndi nkhaniyi kuchokera kumbali ina.

Kukhazikitsa malo oyesera

Ntchito yoyamba ndikuyika malo oyesera. Njira zoyendetsera microservice:

• Konzani ntchito yomwe ikuyesedwa m'malo amderalo, tchulani tsatanetsatane wolumikizidwa ku nkhokwe ndi ma AWS pazosintha zachilengedwe;
• Yambitsani Postgres ndikuchita kusamuka ndikuyendetsa Liquibase.
  Muma DBMS ogwirizana, musanalembe deta mu database, muyenera kupanga schema ya data, mwa kuyankhula kwina, matebulo. Mukakonza pulogalamu, matebulo ayenera kubweretsedwa ku mawonekedwe omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu watsopano, ndipo, makamaka, osataya deta. Izi zimatchedwa kusamuka. Kupanga matebulo mumsika wopanda kanthu koyambirira ndi vuto lapadera lakusamuka. Kusamuka kungapangidwe mu pulogalamu yokha. Onse .NET ndi NodeJS ali ndi machitidwe osamukira. Kwa ife, pazifukwa zachitetezo, ma microservices amalandidwa ufulu wosintha schema ya data, ndipo kusamuka kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Liquibase.
• Yambitsani Amazon LocalStack. Uku ndikukhazikitsa ntchito za AWS kuti ziziyenda kunyumba. Pali chithunzi chopangidwa kale cha LocalStack pa Docker Hub.
• Thamangani script kuti mupange zofunikira mu LocalStack. Zolemba za Shell zimagwiritsa ntchito AWS CLI.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa polojekiti Wolemba Postman. Idalipo kale, koma idakhazikitsidwa pamanja ndikuyesa pulogalamu yomwe idayikidwa kale pamalopo. Chidachi chimakupatsani mwayi wopanga zopempha za HTTP(S) mosasamala ndikuwona ngati mayankhowo akugwirizana ndi zomwe mukuyembekezera. Mafunso amaphatikizidwa kukhala gulu, ndipo zosonkhanitsira zonse zitha kuyendetsedwa.

Kodi kuyesa kwadzidzidzi kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pakuyesedwa, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito ku Docker: ntchito yoyesedwa, Postgres, chida chosamukira, ndi Postman, kapena mtundu wake wa console - Newman.

Docker amathetsa mavuto angapo:

• Kudziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku kasinthidwe kokhala nawo;
• Kuyika zodalira: Docker amatsitsa zithunzi kuchokera ku Docker Hub;
• Kubwezeretsa dongosolo ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira: kungochotsa zotengerazo.

Docker-compose imagwirizanitsa zotengera kukhala netiweki yeniyeni, yotalikirana ndi intaneti, momwe zotengera zimapezana ndi mayina awo.

Kuyesedwa kumayendetsedwa ndi chipolopolo script. Kuti tiyese mayeso pa Windows timagwiritsa ntchito git-bash. Chifukwa chake, script imodzi ndiyokwanira pa Windows ndi Linux. Git ndi Docker amayikidwa ndi onse opanga polojekitiyi. Mukayika Git pa Windows, git-bash imayikidwa, kotero aliyense ali nazonso.

Script ikuchita izi:

• Kupanga zithunzi za docker

  docker-compose build

• Kukhazikitsa database ndi LocalStack

  docker-compose up -d <контейнер>

• Kusamuka kwa database ndikukonzekera LocalStack

  docker-compose run <контейнер>

• Kuyambitsa ntchitoyo poyesedwa

  docker-compose up -d <сервис>

• Kuthamanga mayeso (Newman)
• Kuyimitsa zotengera zonse

  docker-compose down

• Kutumiza zotsatira mu Slack
  Tili ndi macheza pomwe mauthenga okhala ndi cholembera chobiriwira kapena mtanda wofiira ndi ulalo wa chipikacho amapita.

Zithunzi zotsatirazi za Docker zikukhudzidwa ndi izi:

• Ntchito yomwe ikuyesedwa ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi cha kupanga. Kukonzekera kwa mayeso kumadutsa pazosintha zachilengedwe.
• Kwa Postgres, Redis ndi LocalStack, zithunzi zopangidwa kale kuchokera ku Docker Hub zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palinso zithunzi zopangidwa kale za Liquibase ndi Newman. Timamanga athu pamafupa awo, ndikuwonjezera mafayilo athu pamenepo.
• Kukonzekera LocalStack, mumagwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chokonzekera cha AWS CLI ndikupanga chithunzi chokhala ndi script yochokera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mavoliyumu, simuyenera kupanga chithunzi cha Docker kuti mungowonjezera mafayilo pachidebe. Komabe, ma voliyumu sali oyenera chilengedwe chathu chifukwa Gitlab CI imagwira ntchito m'mitsuko. Mutha kuwongolera Docker kuchokera pachidebe chotere, koma ma voliyumu amangokweza zikwatu kuchokera pamakina olandila, osati kuchokera pachidebe china.

Mavuto omwe mungakumane nawo

Kudikirira kukonzekera

Pamene chidebe chokhala ndi ntchito chikuyenda, izi sizikutanthauza kuti chakonzeka kuvomereza malumikizidwe. Muyenera kudikirira kuti kulumikizana kupitirire.

Vutoli nthawi zina limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito script wait-for-it.sh, yomwe imadikirira mwayi wokhazikitsa mgwirizano wa TCP. Komabe, LocalStack ikhoza kutaya cholakwika cha 502 Bad Gateway. Kuonjezera apo, ili ndi mautumiki ambiri, ndipo ngati mmodzi wa iwo ali wokonzeka, izi sizikunena kalikonse za ena.

chisankho: Zolemba za LocalStack zomwe zimadikirira mayankho 200 kuchokera ku SQS ndi SNS.

Kusamvana kwa Ntchito Yofanana

Mayesero angapo amatha kuthamanga nthawi imodzi pa Docker yemweyo, kotero mayina a chidebe ndi maukonde ayenera kukhala apadera. Komanso, mayeso ochokera kunthambi zosiyanasiyana zautumiki womwewo amathanso kuthamanga nthawi imodzi, kotero sikokwanira kulemba mayina awo mufayilo iliyonse yolemba.

chisankho: Zolemba zimayika kusinthika kwa COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME kukhala mtengo wapadera.

Windows Features

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe ndikufuna kuziwonetsa mukamagwiritsa ntchito Docker pa Windows, popeza izi ndizofunika kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake zolakwika zimachitika.

1. Zolemba za Shell mu chidebe ziyenera kukhala ndi mathero a mzere wa Linux.
   Chizindikiro cha chipolopolo cha CR ndi cholakwika cha syntax. Ndizovuta kunena kuchokera ku uthenga wolakwika kuti ndi choncho. Mukakonza zolemba zotere pa Windows, mumafunika mkonzi woyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lowongolera mtundu liyenera kukonzedwa bwino.

Umu ndi momwe git imapangidwira:

git config core.autocrlf input

1. Git-bash amatsanzira zikwatu za Linux ndipo, poyimba fayilo ya exe (kuphatikiza docker.exe), m'malo mwa njira za Linux ndi Windows. Komabe, izi sizomveka kwa njira zomwe sizili pamakina am'deralo (kapena njira zachidebe). Khalidweli silingalephereke.

chisankho: onjezani slash yowonjezera kumayambiriro kwa njira: //bin m'malo mwa /bin. Linux imamvetsetsa njira zotere; chifukwa chake, ma slashes angapo ndi ofanana ndi amodzi. Koma git-bash sazindikira njira zotere ndipo samayesa kuwatembenuza.

Kutulutsa kwa chipika

Poyesa mayeso, ndikufuna kuwona zipika zochokera ku Newman komanso ntchito ikuyesedwa. Popeza zochitika za zipikazi zimalumikizidwa, kuziphatikiza mu console imodzi ndizosavuta kuposa mafayilo awiri osiyana. Newman akuyambitsa kudzera docker-compose run, ndipo zotsatira zake zimathera mu console. Zomwe zatsala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zotuluka zautumiki zimapitanso kumeneko.

Yankho loyambirira linali kuchita docker-kulembetsa palibe mbendera -d, koma pogwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo, tumizani njirayi kumbuyo:

docker-compose up <service> &

Izi zinagwira ntchito mpaka kunali kofunikira kutumiza zipika kuchokera ku Docker kupita ku gulu lachitatu. docker-kulembetsa adasiya kutulutsa zipika ku console. Komabe, gululo linagwira ntchito docker amalembera.

chisankho:

docker attach --no-stdin ${COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME}_<сервис>_1 &

Mkangano wa zizindikiritso pakubwereza mayeso

Mayesero amachitidwa mobwerezabwereza. Nawonso database sinachotsedwe. Zolemba munkhokwe zili ndi ma ID apadera. Ngati tilemba ma ID enieni pazopempha, tikhala ndi mkangano pakubwereza kachiwiri.

Kuti mupewe izi, ma ID ayenera kukhala apadera, kapena zinthu zonse zopangidwa ndi mayeso ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Zinthu zina sizingachotsedwe chifukwa cha zofunikira.

chisankho: pangani ma GUID pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba za Postman.

var uuid = require('uuid');
var myid = uuid.v4();
pm.environment.set('myUUID', myid);

Kenako gwiritsani ntchito chizindikiro mu funsolo {{myUUID}}, zomwe zidzasinthidwa ndi mtengo wa kusintha.

Kugwirizana kudzera pa LocalStack

Ngati ntchito yomwe ikuyesedwa ikuwerengedwa kapena kulembera pamzere wa SQS, ndiye kuti kutsimikizira izi, mayesowo ayeneranso kugwira ntchito ndi mzerewu.

chisankho: zopempha kuchokera ku Postman kupita ku LocalStack.

API ya ntchito za AWS imalembedwa, kulola kuti mafunso apangidwe popanda SDK.

Ngati ntchito ikulembera pamzere, timawerenga ndikuwunika zomwe zili mu uthengawo.

Ngati ntchitoyo itumiza mauthenga ku SNS, panthawi yokonzekera LocalStack imapanganso mzere ndikulembetsa mutu wa SNS uwu. Ndiye zonse zimabwera ku zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Ngati ntchitoyo ikufunika kuwerenga uthenga wochokera pamzere, ndiye kuti muyeso lapitalo timalemba uthenga uwu pamzere.

Kuyesa zopempha za HTTP zochokera ku microservice yoyesedwa

Ntchito zina zimagwira ntchito pa HTTP ndi china chake osati AWS, ndipo zina za AWS sizimayendetsedwa mu LocalStack.

chisankho: muzochitika izi zingathandize MockServer, yomwe ili ndi chithunzi chokonzedwa kale mkati Docker likulu. Zopempha ndi mayankho omwe amayembekezeredwa kwa iwo zimakonzedwa ndi pempho la HTTP. API yalembedwa, kotero timapempha kuchokera kwa Postman.

Kuyesa Kutsimikizika kwa OAuth ndi Kuvomerezeka

Timagwiritsa ntchito OAuth ndi JSON Web Tokens (JWT). Kuyesaku kumafuna wopereka OAuth yemwe titha kuyendetsa kwanuko.

Kuyanjana konse pakati pa ntchitoyo ndi operekera OAuth kumatsikira ku zopempha ziwiri: choyamba, kusinthidwa kumafunsidwa. /.odziwika bwino/openid-configuration, ndiyeno kiyi ya anthu onse (JWKS) ikufunsidwa pa adilesi kuchokera pa kasinthidwe. Zonsezi ndizokhazikika.

chisankho: Wopereka mayeso athu a OAuth ndi seva yokhazikika komanso mafayilo awiri pamenepo. Chizindikirocho chimapangidwa kamodzi ndikudzipereka kwa Git.

Mawonekedwe a SignalR kuyesa

Postman sagwira ntchito ndi ma websockets. Chida chapadera chinapangidwa kuyesa SignalR.

Makasitomala a SignalR amatha kukhala opitilira osatsegula. Pali laibulale yamakasitomala yake pansi pa .NET Core. Makasitomala, olembedwa mu .NET Core, amakhazikitsa kulumikizana, amatsimikiziridwa, ndipo amadikirira kutsatizana kwa mauthenga. Ngati uthenga wosayembekezereka walandiridwa kapena kugwirizana kwatayika, kasitomala amachoka ndi code 1. Ngati uthenga womaliza woyembekezeredwa walandiridwa, kasitomala amachoka ndi code 0.

Newman amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi kasitomala. Makasitomala angapo amakhazikitsidwa kuti awone ngati mauthenga amaperekedwa kwa aliyense amene akuwafuna.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito makasitomala angapo gwiritsani ntchito njirayo --mlingo pa mzere wa lamulo la docker-compose.

Asanayambe, script ya Postman imadikirira makasitomala onse kuti akhazikitse maulumikizidwe.
Takumana kale ndi vuto lodikirira kulumikizana. Koma panali ma seva, ndipo apa pali kasitomala. Njira yosiyana ndiyofunika.

chisankho: kasitomala mu chidebe amagwiritsa ntchito limagwirira HealthCheckkudziwitsa script pa wolandirayo za udindo wake. Wothandizira amapanga fayilo panjira inayake, nenani / healthcheck, mwamsanga kugwirizanako kukhazikitsidwa. Zolemba za HealthCheck mu fayilo ya docker zikuwoneka motere:

HEALTHCHECK --interval=3s CMD if [ ! -e /healthcheck ]; then false; fi

timu kuyendera docker Imawonetsa momwe zinthu zilili bwino, thanzi lanu komanso ma code otuluka mu chidebecho.

Newman akamaliza, script imayang'ana kuti zotengera zonse zomwe zili ndi kasitomala zatha, ndi code 0.

Happinnes alipo

Titagonjetsa zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi, tinali ndi mayeso okhazikika othamanga. M'mayesero, ntchito iliyonse imagwira ntchito ngati gawo limodzi, ikugwirizana ndi database ndi Amazon LocalStack.

Mayeserowa amateteza gulu la opanga 30+ ku zolakwika mu pulogalamu yolumikizana ndi ma microservices 10+ omwe amatumizidwa pafupipafupi.

Source: www.habr.com