Moni nonse! Maphunzirowa ayamba lero , mogwirizana ndi zomwe tidakhala nazo pawebusayiti yofananira yomwe idaperekedwa pakuwunika kwa ELB. Tidayang'ana mitundu ya owerengera ndikupanga ma EC2 angapo ndi balancer. Tinaphunziranso zitsanzo zina za ntchito.
, Mudzachita:
- kumvetsetsa zomwe AWS Load Balancing ndi;
- dziwani mitundu ya Elastic Load Balancer ndi zigawo zake;
- gwiritsani ntchito AWS ELB muzochita zanu.
Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kudziwa izi?
- zothandiza ngati mukukonzekera kutenga mayeso a certification AWS;
- iyi ndi njira yosavuta yogawa katundu pakati pa ma seva;
- Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yowonjezerera Lambda ku ntchito yanu (ALB).
Anachititsa phunziro lotseguka , injiniya wamakina pakampani yotsatsa malonda awebusayiti ndikuthandizira.
Mau oyamba
Kodi Elastic Load Balancer ndi chiyani zitha kuwoneka pazithunzi pansipa, zomwe zikuwonetsa chitsanzo chosavuta:
Load Balancer imavomereza zopempha ndikuzigawa nthawi zonse. Tili ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chosiyana, pali ntchito za Lambda ndipo pali gulu la AutoScaling (gulu la maseva).
Mitundu ya AWS ELB
1. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yayikulu:
Classic Load Balancer. Chotsitsa choyambirira kwambiri kuchokera ku AWS, chimagwira ntchito pa OSI Layer 4 ndi Layer 7, kuthandiza HTTP, HTTPS, TCP ndi SSL. Imapereka kusanja kofunikira pazochitika zingapo za Amazon EC2 ndipo imagwira ntchito pazopempha ndi kulumikizana. Tiyeni titsegule (zounikira mu imvi):
Balancer iyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yachikale, choncho ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, pamapulogalamu omwe adamangidwa pa netiweki ya EC2-Classic. M'malo mwake, palibe amene akutiletsa kupanga:
2. Network Load Balancer. Yoyenera kunyamula katundu wolemetsa, imagwira ntchito ku OSI Layer 4 (itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu EKS ndi ECS), TCP, UDP ndi TLS zimathandizidwa.
Network Load Balancer imayendetsa magalimoto kupita ku Amazon VPC ndipo imatha kukonza zopempha mamiliyoni pa sekondi imodzi ndi ultra-low latency. Kuphatikiza apo, imakongoletsedwa kuti igwirizane ndi machitidwe amagalimoto ndi katundu wadzidzidzi komanso wosintha.
3. Ntchito Katundu Balancer. Imagwira pa wosanjikiza 7, ili ndi chithandizo cha Lambda, imathandizira pamutu ndi malamulo amayendedwe, imathandizira HTTP ndi HTTPS.
Amapereka njira zofunsira zapamwamba zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri popereka mapulogalamu omangidwa pamapangidwe amakono, kuphatikiza ma microservices ndi makontena. Imawongolera magalimoto ku Amazon VPC kutengera zomwe zafunsidwa.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, Application Load Balancer inali chisankho choyamba cholowa m'malo mwa Classic Load Balancer, chifukwa TCP sizodziwika ngati HTTP.
Tipangenso, chifukwa chake tidzakhala ndi zolemetsa ziwiri:
Katundu Balance Components
Common Load Balance Components (zodziwika kwa onse owerengera):
- Pezani Mfundo Zodula mitengo
- zolemba zanu za ELB. Kuti mupange zochunira, mutha kupita ku Kufotokozera ndikusankha batani la "Sinthani mawonekedwe":
Kenako timatchula S3Bucket - kusungirako zinthu za Amazon:
- Ndondomeko
- olinganiza mkati kapena kunja. Mfundo ndi yakuti ngati LoadBalancer wanu ayenera kulandira maadiresi akunja kuti apezeke kuchokera kunja, kapena akhoza kukhala mkati mwanu;
- Magulu Oteteza
- kupeza mphamvu kwa balancer. Kwenikweni iyi ndi firewall yapamwamba.
- Ma subnet
- ma subnets mkati mwa VPC yanu (ndipo, motero, malo opezeka). Ma subnet amatchulidwa panthawi yopanga. Ngati ma VPC ali ndi malire ndi dera, ndiye kuti ma Subnets amakhala ochepa ndi madera omwe alipo. Mukamapanga Load Balancer, ndi bwino kuti mupange ma subnets osachepera awiri (amathandiza ngati mavuto abuka ndi Malo amodzi Opezeka);
- Omvera
- ma protocol anu owerengera. Monga tanenera kale, kwa Classic Load Balancer ikhoza kukhala HTTP, HTTPS, TCP ndi SSL, ya Network Load Balancer - TCP, UDP ndi TLS, ya Application Load Balancer - HTTP ndi HTTPS.
Chitsanzo cha Classic Load Balancer:
Koma mu Application Load Balancer tikuwona mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono komanso malingaliro osiyana:
Katundu wa Balancer v2 zigawo (ALB ndi NLB)
Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane mozama za mtundu wa 2 wowerengera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Load Balancer ndi Network Load Balancer. Ma balancer awa ali ndi zigawo zawo. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro loti Target Groups lidawonekera - zochitika (ndi ntchito). Chifukwa cha gawoli, tili ndi mwayi wofotokozera kuti ndi magulu ati omwe tikufuna kuwongolera magalimoto.
Mwachidule, mu Magulu Otsatira timafotokozera nthawi zomwe magalimoto adzabwera. Ngati mu Classic Load Balancer imodzimodziyo mumangolumikiza mphamvuyo ndi balancer, ndiye mu Application Load Balancer inu choyamba:
- pangani Load Balancer;
- pangani Gulu Lolinga;
- lunjika kudzera pamadoko ofunikira kapena malamulo a Load Balancer kupita ku Magulu Ofunikira;
- m'magulu omwe mumawagawira.
Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchitoyi ingawoneke yovuta, koma kwenikweni ndiyosavuta.
Gawo lotsatira ndi Omvera amalamulira (malamulo a njira). Izi zikugwira ntchito ku Application Load Balancer yokha. Ngati mu Network Load Balancer mumangopanga Omvera, ndipo imatumiza anthu kugulu linalake la Target, ndiye mu Application Load Balancer chirichonse. .
Tsopano tiyeni tinene mawu pang'ono za gawo lotsatira - Zotanuka IP (maadiresi osasunthika a NLB). Ngati Omvera akulamulira malamulo oyendetsera mayendedwe amangokhudza Application Load Balancer, ndiye kuti Elastic IP idangokhudza Network Load Balancer.
Tiyeni tipange Network Load Balancer:
Ndipo panthawi yopanga tiwona kuti tapatsidwa mwayi wosankha Elastic IP:
Elastic IP imapereka adilesi imodzi ya IP yomwe ingagwirizane ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za EC2 pakapita nthawi. Ngati chochitika cha EC2 chili ndi Elastic IP adilesi ndipo nthawiyo yatha kapena kuyimitsidwa, mutha kugwirizanitsa chochitika chatsopano cha EC2 ndi adilesi ya IP Elastic. Komabe, pulogalamu yanu yamakono siisiya kugwira ntchito, popeza mapulogalamu amawonabe adilesi ya IP yomweyo, ngakhale EC2 yeniyeni yasintha.
pano pamutu wa chifukwa chake Elastic IP ikufunika. Tawonani, tikuwona ma adilesi atatu a IP, koma sakhala pano mpaka kalekale:
Amazon imasintha pakapita nthawi, mwina masekondi 60 aliwonse (koma pochita, ndithudi, kawirikawiri). Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma adilesi a IP amatha kusintha. Ndipo pankhani ya Network Load Balancer, mutha kungomanga adilesi ya IP ndikuyiwonetsa m'malamulo anu, mfundo, ndi zina.
Fotokozani
ELB imapereka kugawa kwa magalimoto omwe akubwera pazolinga zingapo (zotengera, zochitika za Amazon EC2, ma adilesi a IP, ndi ntchito za Lambda). ELB imatha kugawa magalimoto okhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana mkati mwa Malo amodzi Opezeka komanso kudutsa Magawo angapo Opezeka. Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha kuchokera kumitundu itatu yofananira yomwe imapereka kupezeka kwakukulu, autoscaling, ndi chitetezo chabwino. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kulekerera zolakwika kwa mapulogalamu anu.
Ubwino waukulu:
- kupezeka kwakukulu. Mgwirizano wautumiki umatengera 99,99% kupezeka kwa chowongolera katundu. Mwachitsanzo, Magawo Opezeka Angapo amatsimikizira kuti magalimoto amakonzedwa kokha ndi zinthu zathanzi. M'malo mwake, mutha kulinganiza katundu kudera lonselo, ndikuwongolera magalimoto kumalo omwe ali ndi thanzi m'malo osiyanasiyana opezeka;
- chitetezo. ELB imagwira ntchito ndi Amazon VPC, yopereka mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo - kasamalidwe ka satifiketi yophatikizika, kutsimikizika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi kumasulira kwa SSL/TLS. Zonse pamodzi zimapereka kasamalidwe kapakati komanso kosinthika kachitidwe ka TLS;
- kukhazikika. ELB imatha kuthana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa traffic network. Ndipo kuphatikiza kozama ndi Auto Scaling kumapereka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokwanira ngati katundu asintha, osafunikira kulowererapo pamanja;
- kusinthasintha. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a IP kuti mupereke zopempha ku zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimapereka kusinthasintha mukamagwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukufuna, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito angapo nthawi imodzi. Popeza mapulogalamu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito doko limodzi la netiweki ndikukhala ndi magulu achitetezo osiyana, kulumikizana pakati pa mapulogalamu kumakhala kosavuta tikakhala ndi, tinene, zomangamanga zochokera ku microservices;
- kuyang'anira ndi kufufuza. Mutha kuyang'anira mapulogalamu munthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Amazon CloudWatch. Tikukamba za ma metrics, logs, kutsatira zopempha. M'mawu osavuta, mudzatha kuzindikira zovuta ndikulozera zolepheretsa magwiridwe antchito molondola;
- hybrid load balancing. Kutha kuyika bwino pakati pa zinthu zomwe zili pamalopo ndi AWS pogwiritsa ntchito chojambulira chofananacho kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusuntha kapena kukulitsa ntchito zapamalo kupita kumtambo. Kulephera kusamalira kumathandizidwanso mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito mtambo.
Ngati mukufuna zambiri, nazi maulalo angapo othandiza kuchokera patsamba lovomerezeka la Amazon:
- .
Source: www.habr.com