Tikupitiriza kulankhula za zida zowunika momwe CPU ikuyendera pamakina a Linux. Masiku ano muzinthu: temci, uarch-bench, likwid, perf-zida ndi llvm-mca.
Zoyezera zina:
Π€ΠΎΡΠΎ - - Unsplash
Ichi ndi chida choyezera nthawi yochitira mapulogalamu awiri. Kwenikweni, zimakupatsani mwayi wofananiza nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ziwiri. Wolemba za utility anali wophunzira waku Germany, Johannes Bechberger, yemwe adapanga ngati gawo la malingaliro ake a bachelor mu 2016. Lero ndi chida zololedwa pansi pa GNU General Public License.
Johannes ankafuna kupanga chida chomwe chingamuthandize kuyeza momwe makompyuta amagwirira ntchito m'malo olamulidwa. Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za temci ndikutha kukhazikitsa malo oyeserera. Mwachitsanzo, : sinthani makonda a CPU frequency manager, zimitsani ndi L1 ndi L2 cache, zimitsani turbo mode pa Intel processors, etc. Pa benchmarking temci amagwiritsa zida , ΠΈ .
Izi ndi zomwe zothandiza zimawoneka ngati koyamba:
# compare the run times of two programs, running them each 20 times
> temci short exec "sleep 0.1" "sleep 0.2" --runs 20
Benchmark 20 times [####################################] 100%
Report for single runs
sleep 0.1 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 100.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1800k, deviation = 3.86455%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
sleep 0.2 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 200.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1968k, deviation = 3.82530%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
Kutengera zotsatira za benchmarking, dongosolo limapanga okhala ndi zithunzi, matebulo ndi ma graph, omwe amasiyanitsa temci ndi mayankho ofanana.
Pakati pa zofooka za temci, "unyamata" wake umaonekera. Chifukwa cha ichi iye hardware ndi mapulogalamu kasinthidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ndizovuta kuyendetsa pa macOS, ndipo zina sizipezeka pamakina a ARM. M'tsogolomu, zinthu zikhoza kusintha, monga wolemba akugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo chiwerengero cha nyenyezi pa GitHub chikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono - osati kale kwambiri temci ngakhale. pa Hacker News.
Chida chowunikira momwe magwiridwe antchito a CPU apansi, opangidwa ndi injiniya Travis Downs (). Posachedwapa wakhala akulemba mabulogu pa Masamba a GitHub, omwe amalankhula za zida zofananira ndi zinthu zina zofananira. Nthawi zambiri, benchi ya uarch ikungoyamba kutchuka, koma nthawi zambiri Anthu okhala ku Hacker News mu ulusi wamutu ngati chida cholumikizira.
Uarch-bench imakupatsani mwayi wowunika momwe kukumbukira kumagwirira ntchito, kuthamanga kwa data yofananira ndi ntchito yoyeretsa . Momwe zotsatira zofananira zopangidwa ndi pulogalamuyi zimawonekera zitha kupezeka pansi pa tsamba.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti uarch-bench, ngati temci, Ntchito ya Intel Turbo Boost (imangowonjezera liwiro la wotchi ya purosesa) kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zofananira.
Pakalipano, polojekitiyi ili kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, kotero uarch-bench ilibe zolemba zambiri, ndipo ntchito yake ikhoza kukhala ndi nsikidzi - mwachitsanzo, ndi kukhazikitsa pa Ryzen. Komanso, ma benchmarks okhawo a x86 amathandizidwa. Wolemba akulonjeza kuti adzawonjezera magwiridwe antchito mtsogolomo ndikukuitanani kuti mulowe nawo pachitukuko.
Izi ndi zida zowunika momwe makina a Linux amagwirira ntchito ndi ma processor a Intel, AMD ndi ARMv8. Idapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro ndi Kafukufuku ku Germany mu 2017 ndikumasulidwa kugwero lotseguka.
Pakati pa zida za likwid, titha kuwonetsa likwid-powermeter, yomwe imawonetsa zambiri kuchokera ku zolembera za RAPL za mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dongosolo, komanso likwid-setFrequencies, zomwe zimakulolani kuti muwongolere pafupipafupi purosesa. Mutha kuwona mndandanda wathunthu .
Chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mainjiniya omwe akuchita nawo kafukufuku wa HPC. Mwachitsanzo, ndi likwid gulu la akatswiri ochokera ku Regional Computing Center ya University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (RRZE) ku Germany. Amagwiranso ntchito popanga zida izi.
Π€ΠΎΡΠΎ - - Unsplash
Chida ichi chowunikira momwe ma seva a Linux amagwirira ntchito Brendan Gregg. Iye ndi m'modzi mwa opanga - njira yotsatirira yosinthira mafayilo munthawi yeniyeni.
perf-zida zimatengera perf_events ndi ftrace kernel subsystems. Zida zawo zimakulolani kusanthula I/O latency (iosnoop), kutsatira njira zoyimbira foni (unccount, funcslower, funcgraph ndi functrace) ndikusonkhanitsa ziwerengero za "kugunda" mu cache (cachestat). Pomaliza, lamulo likuwoneka motere:
# ./cachestat -t
Counting cache functions... Output every 1 seconds.
TIME HITS MISSES DIRTIES RATIO BUFFERS_MB CACHE_MB
08:28:57 415 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:58 411 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:59 362 97 0 78.9% 0 8
08:29:00 411 0 0 100.0% 0 9
Anthu ambiri apanga mozungulira chidacho (). Ndipo pali makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida za perf, mwachitsanzo . Koma chidachi chikukulitsidwa ndikusinthidwa (ngakhale zosintha zatulutsidwa posachedwa). Choncho, zolakwika zikhoza kuchitika mu ntchito yake - wolemba analemba kuti nthawi zina perf-zida zimayambitsa kernel mantha.
Chida chomwe chimalosera kuchuluka kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta omwe angafune pa ma CPU osiyanasiyana. Iye Malangizo Pa Mzere uliwonse () ndi katundu pa hardware yomwe pulogalamu inayake imapanga.
llvm-mca idaperekedwa mu 2018 ngati gawo la ntchitoyi , yomwe ikupanga dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lowunikira, kusintha ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa mapulogalamu. Zimadziwika kuti olemba llvm-mca adadzozedwa ndi yankho pakuwunika momwe mapulogalamu amagwirira ntchito. ndipo adayesetsa kupanga njira ina. Ndipo malinga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kutulutsa kwa chida (mawonekedwe awo ndi kuchuluka kwake) kumafanana ndi IACA - chitsanzo. . Komabe, llvm-mca amangovomereza , kotero muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito otembenuza kuti mugwire nawo ntchito.
Zomwe timalemba pamabulogu athu ndi malo ochezera:
Ife ku 1cloud.ru timapereka ntchito yaulere "" Mutha kuyang'anira zolemba za DNS mu akaunti imodzi yokha.
Source: www.habr.com