Seva yaulere ya minecraft pa AWS yopanda chidziwitso cha Linux

Moni, Habr! Zowonadi, achinyengo omwe akufunafuna momwe angakhazikitsire seva ya minecraft kuti azisewera ndi abwenzi.

Nkhaniyi idapangidwira osapanga mapulogalamu, omwe si a sysadmins, ambiri, osati omvera a Habr. Nkhaniyi ili ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane opangira seva ya minecraft yokhala ndi IP yodzipatulira, yosinthidwa kwa anthu omwe ali kutali ndi IT. Ngati izi siziri za inu, ndi bwino kudumpha nkhaniyo.

Kodi seva ndi chiyani?

Ndiye seva ndi chiyani? Ngati tidalira lingaliro la "seva" monga chigawo cha mapulogalamu, ndiye seva ndi pulogalamu yomwe ingalandire, kukonza ndi kutumiza deta yolandiridwa kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito (makasitomala) omwe akugwirizana ndi seva iyi. Pogwiritsa ntchito tsambalo mwachitsanzo, tsambalo lili pa seva ina, yomwe mumapeza kudzera pa msakatuli. Kwa ife, seva ya minecraft imapanga dziko lomwe osewera (makasitomala) amalumikizana, omwe amatha kuyenda, kuswa midadada, ndi zina zambiri. Seva ya minecraft ili ndi udindo wolumikiza osewera ndi zochita zawo zilizonse.

Mwachiwonekere, seva iyenera kukhala ikuyenda pa kompyuta (makina). Mutha kukhazikitsa seva pakompyuta yanu yakunyumba, koma apa:

• Mumayika pachiwopsezo chitetezo cha kompyuta yanu potsegula madoko pamenepo
• Seva idzayika katundu pa kompyuta yanu, zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito yanu
• Simungathe kusunga kompyuta yanu yakunyumba 24/7: nthawi zina mumayimitsa, nthawi zina kompyuta yanu imataya intaneti, ndi zina zambiri.
• Kuti mupeze seva yanu kuchokera kudziko lakunja, muyenera kulowa pakompyuta yanu kudzera IP adilesi, omwe kwa "nyumba" opereka intaneti ali zazikulu, ndiko kuti, imatha kusintha masiku onse a 2-3 pazifukwa zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira.

Nanga timathetsa bwanji mavutowa?

Njira yothetsera mavuto onsewa ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina pafupifupi ndi static, ndiye kuti, adilesi ya IP yosasinthika.

Zovuta mawu? Tiyeni tiganizire.
Tiyeni titembenukire ku Wikipedia.

Виртуальная машина (VM, от англ. virtual machine) — программная и/или аппаратная система, эмулирующая аппаратное обеспечение некоторой платформы...

Kuti tiyike mawu onyansa kwambiri, ndi kompyuta mkati mwa kompyuta. Mukhozanso kukhazikitsa opareshoni pa izo ndi ntchito ndi monga ndi kompyuta wamba.

Kodi tingazipeze kuti?

Yankho ndi losavuta - AWS. Iyi ndi nsanja yomwe imapereka mautumiki osiyanasiyana amtambo omwe ndi othandiza kwa aliyense amene amagwira ntchito ndi intaneti osati kokha. Kuti mupange seva ya minecraft, imodzi mwazinthu za AWS ndiyabwino - Amazon EC2 - makina amtambo omwe amapezeka 24/7. AWS imapereka makina ocheperako (10GB SSD, 1GB RAM) kwaulere kwa chaka, kuwonjezera apo, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kumangirira adilesi ya IP yaulere (static) kuti mupeze mwayi wokhazikika ku VM yanu (makina enieni) pa adilesi yomweyo.

Timapanga ndikusintha VM

Pitani ku webusayiti AWS ndi kulembetsa. Kenako pitani ku kasamalidwe kothandizira.

Mu console, pakati pa mautumiki, pezani EC2 ndi kupita kwa icho.

Ndikofunika kusankha malo opangira deta, mwachidule, malo omwe ma seva a Amazon ali. Muyenera kusankha malingana ndi malo anu, chifukwa liwiro la kuyankhulana pa intaneti limasiyanasiyana, ndipo muyenera kusankha malo opangira deta omwe kuyankhulana kuchokera mumzinda wanu kudzakhala mofulumira momwe mungathere.

Kuti musankhe malo a data, ndikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi WonderNetwork, yomwe imayesa kuthamanga kwa mapaketi ndi mizinda ina.
Kwa ine (Moscow), Irish data center idandikwanira.

Yakwana nthawi yoti mupange makina enieni. Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku tabu Zowulutsa

Tiyeni tiyambe kukonza VM.

1) Sankhani chithunzi cha opaleshoni dongosolo. Linux ndiyosavuta kukweza ma seva; tidzagwiritsa ntchito zida zogawa CentOS 7

Zindikirani kuti sipadzakhala malo owonetsera pamakina anu enieni; mwayi wamakinawo ukhala kudzera pa console. Zimaphatikizapo kuwongolera VM pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo osati mbewa ya pakompyuta. Osachita mantha ndi izi: izi siziyenera kukulepheretsani tsopano kapena kusiya lingaliro lakukweza seva yanu ya minecraft chifukwa "ndizovuta kwambiri." Kugwira ntchito ndi makina kudzera pa console sikovuta - mudzadziwonera nokha.

2) Tsopano tiyeni tifotokoze masanjidwe aukadaulo a VM. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kwaulere, Amazon imapereka kasinthidwe t2.micro, osakwanira seva yayikulu ya minecraft, koma yokwanira kusewera ndi anzanu.

3) Siyani zosintha zina ngati zosasintha, koma imani pa tabu Konzani magulu achitetezo.

Apa tiyenera kukonza mwayi wofikira madoko a seva ya minecraft.

M'mawu osavuta, doko ndi nambala yosakhala yoyipa yomwe ikuwonetsa kwa omwe deta yobwera kuchokera kudziko lakunja imayankhidwa. VM imatha kukhala ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana ndi ma seva, kotero mapaketi onse omwe akubwera amasunga doko (nambala) ya komwe akupita (ntchito, seva) mkati mwa VM pamutu wawo.

Kwa ma seva a minecraft, muyezo wa de facto ndikugwiritsa ntchito doko 25565. Tiyeni tiwonjezere lamulo losonyeza kuti kulowa kwa VM yanu kudzera padokoli ndikovomerezeka.

Timapita pazenera kuti timalize kupanga VM podina batani Ndemanga ndi Kukhazikitsa

Kukhazikitsa makiyi a SSH a VM

Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana ndi makina kudzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya SSH.

Protocol ya SSH imagwira ntchito motere: makiyi awiri (pagulu ndi achinsinsi) amapangidwa, kiyi yapagulu imasungidwa pa VM, ndipo kiyi yachinsinsi imasungidwa pakompyuta ya munthu wolumikizana ndi VM (wogula). Mukalumikiza, VM imayang'ana kuti kasitomala ali ndi kiyi yachinsinsi yoyenera.

atolankhani Yambani. Zenera lotsatira lidzawonekera kutsogolo kwanu:

Lowetsani dzina la makiyi awiriwo (kuti muthandize) ndikudina Tsitsani makiyi awiri. Muyenera kukopera .pem fayilo yokhala ndi kiyi yanu yachinsinsi. Dinani batani Zitsanzo zoyambira. Mwangopanga makina enieni pomwe seva idzayikidwe.

Kupeza static IP

Tsopano tikufunika kupeza ndikumanga IP yokhazikika ku VM yathu. Kwa menyu iyi tipeza tabu Zotanuka IPs ndipo timayenda motsatira. Pa tabu, dinani batani Perekani Elastic IP adilesi ndi kupeza IP static.

Tsopano adilesi ya IP yolandiridwa iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi VM yathu. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani kuchokera pamndandanda ndi menyu Magawo kusankha Adilesi ya IP yolumikizana

Kenako, tidzamanga VM ku adilesi yathu ya IP

Zachitika!

Timapita ku VM

Tsopano popeza VM yakhazikitsidwa ndipo adilesi ya IP yaperekedwa, tiyeni tilumikizane nayo ndikuyika seva yathu ya minecraft.

Kuti tigwirizane ndi VM kudzera pa SSH tidzagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi PuTTY. Ikani PuTTYgen nthawi yomweyo kuchokera patsamba lino

Mukakhazikitsa PuTTY, tsegulani. Tsopano muyenera kukonza kugwirizana.

1. Mu tabu Gawo sankhani mtundu wa kulumikizana SSH, doko 22. Tchulani dzina la mgwirizano. Dzina lothandizira lolumikizira kudzera pa SSH ndi chingwe chonga: имя_пользователя@публичный_dns.

Dzina lolowera mu AWS la CentOS ndi cent. DNS yanu yapagulu ikhoza kuwonedwa apa:

Ndapeza mzere [email protected]

1. Mu tabu SSH -> Auth lowetsani kiyi yanu yachinsinsi ya SSH. Imasungidwa mu fayilo .pem, yomwe tidatsitsa kale. Koma PuTTY siyingagwire ntchito ndi mafayilo .pem, amafunikira mawonekedwe .ppk. Pakutembenuka tidzagwiritsa ntchito PuTTYgen. Malangizo otembenuka kuchokera patsamba la PuTTYgen. Fayilo yolandilidwa .ppk Tiyeni tisunge ndikuwonetsa apa:

1. Timalumikiza ku VM potsegula kulumikizana ndi batani Open.
   Zabwino zonse! Tangolumikiza ku console ya VM yanu. Zomwe zatsala ndikuyika seva yathu pamenepo.

Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza seva ya minecraft

Tiyeni tiyambe kukhazikitsa seva yathu. Choyamba, tiyenera kukhazikitsa maphukusi angapo pa VM yathu.

sudo yum install -y wget mc iptables iptables-services java screen

Tiyeni tiwone kuti phukusi lililonse ndi la chiyani.

• chotsani - chida chotsitsa mafayilo mu Linux. Pogwiritsa ntchito tidzatsitsa mafayilo a seva.
• mc - console text editor. Ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa wosaphunzitsidwa.
• iptables - chothandizira kuyang'anira ndi kukonza chowotcha moto, ndi chithandizo chake tidzatsegula doko la seva pa VM yathu.
• java - minecraft imayenda pa java, kotero ndikofunikira kuti seva igwire ntchito
• yotchinga - woyang'anira zenera wa Linux. Zidzatilola kubwerezanso console yathu kuti tikweze seva. Chowonadi ndi chakuti seva iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kudzera pa kontrakitala; ngati mutachotsa ku VM yanu, ntchito ya seva idzayimitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, tidzayendetsa pawindo lapadera la console.

Tsopano tiyeni tikonze firewall.

Firewall ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta kapena pulogalamu ya Hardware yomwe imayang'anira ndikusefa magalimoto omwe amadutsamo malinga ndi malamulo omwe atchulidwa. (Wikipedia)

Kufotokozera m'mawu osavuta: lingalirani mzinda wokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Amawukiridwa nthawi zonse kuchokera kunja, pomwe moyo wabwinobwino umapitilira mumzinda. Kuti munthu alowe mumzindawo, pali chipata pakhoma la lingalo, pomwe alonda amaima ndikuyang’ana pamndandanda ngati munthuyo angaloledwe kulowa m’lingali. Ntchito ya khoma ndi chipata mu makompyuta amachitidwa ndi firewall.

sudo mcedit /etc/sysconfig/iptables

Tangopanga fayilo yosinthira ma firewall. Tiyeni tidzaze ndi deta yokhazikika yokhazikika, kuphatikizapo lamulo la doko 25565, lomwe ndi doko lokhazikika la seva ya minecraft.

*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 25565 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

Tsekani fayiloyo pokanikiza F10, kusunga zosintha.

Tsopano tiyeni tiyambitse firewall ndikuyiyambitsa poyambira:

sudo systemctl enable iptables
sudo systemctl restart iptables

Tidzasunga mafayilo a seva mufoda yosiyana, kupanga, kupita kwa iyo ndikutsitsa mafayilo a seva. Kuti muchite izi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chotsani

mkdir minecraft
cd minecraft
wget <ссылка_на_jar>

Muyenera kupeza kulumikizana molunjika za kutsitsa .jar seva fayilo. Mwachitsanzo, ulalo ku mtundu wa fayilo ya seva 1.15.2:

wget https://launcher.mojang.com/v1/objects/bb2b6b1aefcd70dfd1892149ac3a215f6c636b07/server.jar

Onani zomwe zili mufoda pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ls, onetsetsani kuti mafayilo adatsitsidwa.

Tiyeni tiyambitse fayilo ya seva. Tsopano seva sichidzagwira ntchito: idzapanga mafayilo onse ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito, ndipo adzadandaula kuti simunagwirizane ndi mfundo za chilolezo cha EULA. Landirani mawuwo potsegula fayilo eula.txt

sudo mcedit eula.txt

Tsimikizirani kuvomereza kwanu posintha cholowa kukhala:

eula=true

Tsegulani fayilo server.properties: Ili ndiye fayilo yanu yosinthira seva. Zambiri pazakusintha kwa seva

Kusintha kotsatiraku kuyenera kupangidwa kwa izo:

online-mode=false

Zokonda zotsalira zili pakufuna kwanu.

Chiyambi cha seva

Yakwana nthawi yoyambitsa seva. Monga ndanenera kale, seva imayamba mwachindunji kuchokera ku console, koma ngati titseka cholembera chachikulu, ndondomeko ya seva idzayimitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tipange console ina:

screen

Tiyeni tiyambe seva mu console iyi:

 sudo java -Xms512M -Xmx1024M -jar <название_файла_сервера>.jar --nogui

Seva imayamba pafupifupi masekondi 45, musasokoneze ndondomekoyi. Seva ikayamba ndikugwira ntchito, muwona china chonga:

Zabwino zonse! Mwangoyambitsa kumene seva yanu ya minecraft ikugwira ntchito. Tsopano ndikofunikira kuti mutuluke bwino pakompyuta yachiwiri kuti ipitilize kugwira ntchito ndi seva yomwe ikuyenda. Kuti muchite izi, dinani Ctrl+Andiye D. Muyenera kukhala mu console yayikulu ndikuwona uthenga ngati [detached from 1551.pts-0.ip-172-31-37-146]. Ngati mukufuna kubwerera ku console komwe seva ikugwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito screen -r

Tsopano mutha kulumikiza ku VM yanu. Seva yanu ipezeka kudzera pa adilesi ya IP yomwe tidalandira kale, padoko 25565.

Zikuoneka kuti adilesi yolowera pa seva idzakhala <ваш_статический_IP>:25565.

Pomaliza

Pogwiritsa ntchito malangizowa, mutha kukhazikitsa seva yaulere ya minecraft yokhala ndi IP yodzipereka. Nkhaniyi inalembedwa m'chinenero chosavuta kwambiri ndipo cholinga chake ndi anthu omwe si akatswiri. Pachifukwa ichi, ndizosangalatsa kumva ndemanga za omwe ali otanganidwa, chifukwa pochepetsa zinthuzo, zolakwika zenizeni mu terminology zitha kupangidwa.

Source: www.habr.com