Chimene chinayamba kukhala lingaliro lolimba mtima kuti apange njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zamakono tsopano akuyamba kusandulika kukhala makampani odzaza ndi osewera ake akuluakulu, malingaliro ofunikira ndi malamulo, nthabwala ndi zokambirana za chitukuko chamtsogolo. Gulu lankhondo la otsatira likukula pang'onopang'ono, antchito otsika komanso osokera akuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo gulu likupangidwa lomwe limatenga ntchito zamtunduwu mozama kwambiri. Chotsatira chake, mbali ziwiri zazikuluzikulu tsopano zatulukira - omwe amawona chigonjetso kudzera mu blockchain ndipo akuyesera kukonza zenizeni zomwe zilipo panopa kudzera muzitsulo za blockchain; ndi iwo omwe amawona chigonjetso kudzera mu cryptocurrencies ndi mapangidwe enieni atsopano. Pakati pazimenezi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa gulu ngati Bitcoin maximalists, omwe ndi amodzi mwazinthu zamphamvu kwambiri panjira iyi.
Nthawi zambiri, kuyang'ana kwa asitikali akutsogolo sikutembenukira kukupanga njira ndi njira zothetsera chigonjetso chawo chomwe adasankha, koma kwa asitikali anzawo kuti akhale ndi makhalidwe abwino pakukwanira kwa njira yawo. Pali okhulupirika ndi kunjira imodzi yomwe siyesa kunyoza mbali inayo. Idyani , omwe akuyesera kale kutsimikizira kuti njira yawo ndi yofunika kwambiri komanso yovomerezeka. Ndipo pali izo udindo wa wolemba wina kuti afotokoze masomphenya ake pazochitikazo. Ndinasankha dala nkhani zokhala ndi mutu wofanana kotero kuti zidziΕ΅ike bwino lomwe mmene mawu amodzi akuti βamene ali wofunikaβ angafotokozedwe mosiyana.
Mafunso a "ndani ali wofunikira" ndi "ndani yemwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chowala" akuyamba kusandulika kukhala chinthu chamtundu wamba, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa mikangano yaluntha monga nkhani zomwe zili pamwambazi, akhoza kuyambanso kumenyana koopsa komwe kumasanduka. mkangano wopusa wonena za "zomwe zili bwino: kontrakitala kapena PC" kukonza kwanuko.
M'nkhaniyi sindidzatsutsana ndi mbali imodzi, koma kuti ndisonyeze kupanda tanthauzo kwa mkanganowu. Sindikudziwa zomwe zidzachitike pa izi, ndikuyembekeza kuti zidzatsogolera zokambirana zolimbikitsa zomwe ndingatenge mfundo zofunika zamtsogolo.
Chabwino, ndisiya kukukondani ndi zowoneratu izi. Ndiyamba ndi mfundo zingapo zomwe pazifukwa zina anthu ambiri amaiwala.
Bitcoin siukadaulo, koma lingaliro lazachuma
Inde, Bitcoin ili ndi maziko aukadaulo mwa mawonekedwe a blockchain, zoletsa zambiri, ma algorithms omangidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za cryptographic, ndi zina zotero. Kuwongolera kwina kwa Bitcoin kudzakhalanso kwaukadaulo (kutuluka kwa maukonde amtundu wachiwiri monga Network Lightning, kukhazikitsidwa kwa siginecha za Schnorr), osati zachuma (kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa, kusintha kwakukulu. movutikira kusintha liwiro lapakati la block generation). Zonsezi ndi mawonekedwe a netiweki ya Bitcoin ndi momwe zimakhalira.
Bitcoin palokha, mu mawonekedwe a cryptocurrency, makamaka gulu lazachuma. Lingaliro la Bitcoin poyambilira lidapangidwa ngati njira ina yochitira zinthu zamagetsi zomwe sizingafune kuwongolera pakati. Ndipo potengera lingaliro ili, maziko apangidwa kale ndipo zomangamanga zapangidwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kukhazikitsa ndondomekoyi. Chotsatira chake, tili ndi dongosolo lomwe liyenera kuthetsa nkhani ya kudalira anthu ena. Ndipo ndi pati pomwe pali kudalira kwakukulu kwa anthu ena komanso kufunikira kowakhulupirira? Mu chuma.
Ngati boma likutsatira ndondomeko ya ndalama zopanda pake, chifukwa chake "ndalama" zimasanduka pepala lopanda ntchito, ndiye kuti dziko loterolo limataya chithandizo cha ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo amayang'ana njira zina zosungira ndalama zawo. Phindu la Bitcoin ndikuti limatsutsa dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa ndipo limapereka njira ina kwa iwo omwe akufuna. Sindikufuna kulowa mozama pamutuwu tsopano, popeza ndidalemba kale , yomwe ikufotokoza nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane. Koma kunali kofunika kulankhula za izo.
Blockchain si mankhwala
Ndikuganiza kuti aliyense wakumana ndi zolemba zomwe zidalembedwa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa blockchain kungasinthe makampani onse. Momwe blockchain idzasinthire moyo, mayendedwe, sayansi, zamankhwala, zowerengera, kupanga zinthu, makampani amagalimoto ndi zosangalatsa zina. Ichi ndi chinthu choyamba chimene ndapeza mu injini yosakira.
Pambuyo powerenga nkhani zoterezi, anthu ena amayamba kuganiza kuti blockchain ndi matsenga amatsenga omwe amatha kusintha miyoyo yathu mkati ndi kunja. Koma, zoona zake, njira zambiri zomwe zaperekedwa ku blockchain zitha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lapakati, zitha kukhala zogwira mtima kwambiri. Pali ma projekiti omwe ndi mtundu wa analogue ya blockchain ya yankho lomwe lilipo kale. Kugwiritsa ntchito blockchain chifukwa cha blockchain ndi lingaliro laling'ono. Nthawi zina blockchain imatha, m'malo mwake, kukhala vuto ndikusintha kukhala mtundu wina . Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndi momwe kuwala kwa magalimoto pa blockchain kungawonekere.
Sindikunena kuti blockchain ndiukadaulo wopanda pake, osapanga aspirin wamtundu wina. Blockchain yawonetsa kufunikira kwake chifukwa chakuti protocol yogwira ntchito mu mawonekedwe a Bitcoin idapangidwa pamaziko ake. Uwu ndi mtundu umodzi wa ntchito womwe ungapangidwe chifukwa cha blockchain. Ndipo pankhaniyi, ndi teknoloji yofunikira pa ntchito ya Bitcoin ndikuonetsetsa kuti lingaliro lake, ndipo silinamangidwe ... monga choncho.
Blockchain ndiyabwino osati kungopanga mitundu yosatha ya ma cryptocurrencies. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu ena, koma pokhapokha pomwe ikufunika.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane kufananitsa pakati pa blockchain ndi Bitcoin.
Galimoto ndi gearbox
Blockchain ndi Bitcoin ndi magulu awiri osiyana, kotero palibe zomveka kuyerekezera pakati pawo omwe ali ofunika kwambiri komanso odalirika. Mwachitsanzo, kodi munganene zomwe anatulukira zofunika kwambiri - galimoto kapena gearbox? Inemwini, zimandivuta kuyankha.
Bitcoin siukadaulo, koma matekinoloje omwe amapanga gulu latsopano - njira ina yandalama. Galimoto ndi njira zamakono zomwe pamodzi zapanga njira ina yoyendera. Pankhaniyi, blockchain - ndi gearbox, chifukwa ndi ndendende luso amene amathandiza chipangizo (ntchito) ntchito molingana ndi mfundo inayake.
Ngati mutachotsa gearbox m'galimoto, mopanda kunena, galimotoyo tsopano ndi ndowa yopanda tanthauzo yomwe siingapite kulikonse popanda gearbox. The gearbox kunja kwa galimoto komanso alibe phindu. Nanga bwanji kuti azicheza pa khonde lanu? Choncho, phindu la aliyense wa ophunzira likhoza kutsatiridwa pokhapokha pogwira ntchito limodzi, osati mosiyana.
Koma munthu sayenera kuganiza kuti awa ndi magulu ogwirizana. Mutha kupanga galimoto popanda gearbox, monga magalimoto amagetsi, pomwe pali zida imodzi yokha. Pankhaniyi, timangosintha njira. Ngati galimoto sagwiritsa ntchito bokosi mfundo, izi sizikutanthauza kuti si galimoto. Iye ndi wosiyana basi.
Palibe amene akuletsani kupanga cryptocurrency popanda blockchain. Chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera m'maganizo ndi graph acyclic graph kapena DAG, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mu cryptocurrency IOTA. Nthawi zambiri amayesa kupanga IoT kuchokera ku blockchain, yomwe siinapangidwe kwenikweni (ngakhale sindikukana ngati wina wachita bwino). M'malo mwake, DAG ndi yokhulupirika kale kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupanga cryptocurrency IoT, koma zingafunike zina zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a blockchain.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, mfundo gearbox ntchito osati magalimoto kapena magalimoto ena. Pali zinthu monga gearbox, ndipo ndizofala kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana. Sindinayambe ndagwirapo ntchito yopanga, kotero sindingathe kufotokoza bwino kufunikira kwa ma gearbox a zida zamakina komanso momwe zimakhudzira mtundu wazinthu zopangidwa. Ndikungoganiza kuti zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa opanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa simungathe kupita patali pa liwiro limodzi ndipo izi zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu zamakina.
Momwemonso, blockchain itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati chifukwa cha lingaliro la cryptocurrencies. Tsopano akuyesera kuyika blockchain mu "makina" a mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi mawu akuti: "Tawonani zotheka zingati, zimawonjezera kuwonekera kwa kayendedwe ka zikalata, momwe zimachepetsera ndalama zosungira ndi kukonza zidziwitso, simukusowanso. kuti mukhale ndi "makina" 5 okhala ndi liwiro losiyana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "makina" amodzi. Nthawi idzanena komwe "makina" awa adzabweradi othandiza komanso ndi zolinga ziti.
Ana a Bitcoin
Mukukumbukira gearbox yomwe ili pakhonde? Chabwino, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito ndizoti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusinthidwa kwa magalimoto ena, ofanana. Zomwe ndikutanthauza ndikuti kuchuluka kwa blockchains komweko kuli kofanana kwambiri ndi Bitcoin blockchain, popeza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati template.
Kodi Bitcoin imachita bwino chiyani? Imapanga chipika pafupifupi mphindi 10 zilizonse m'njira yovomerezeka komanso yosasokonezedwa ndikuchita malonda, kunyalanyaza malire a mayiko ndi olamulira. Ndipo mβlingaliro lina, ndizo zonse zimene amachita. Pali kugulitsa - timatumiza kugulitsako, ndipo sikunasinthe. Ena angaganize kuti izi sizokwanira kutchedwa teknoloji yosintha kapena lingaliro. Kwa ena, izi ndi zokwanira, chifukwa ochepa angapereke zomwezo.
Pano tikhoza kupereka chitsanzo cha nyundo ndi misomali. Bitcoin idzakhala yomwe imatchedwa nyundo yokhazikika, ndipo misomali yokhotakhota pakhoma idzakhala ntchito yosasinthika.
Ena angaganize kuti Bitcoin ndi yophweka kwambiri, ili ndi ntchito zochepa, kapena ili ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana pang'ono. Ndipo akuchita chiyani? Amasindikiza nyundo zosiyana pa kukoma ndi mtundu uliwonse: wina amasintha kukula kwa wowombera kapena chogwirira (hello, Bitcoin ... chinachake chonga icho); ena amapanga nyundo zapadera za ntchito zinazake; wina amangirira nkhwangwa kapena misomali kumbali ina ya nyundo, kuyesera kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri; anthu ena amangowonjezera ma rhinestones chifukwa nyundo imawoneka ngati yachisoni kwa iwo. Ndipo aliyense akunena kuti nyundo yake ndi yabwino kwambiri komanso yopita patsogolo kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe Coinmarketcap imawoneka.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zopusa pamene misomali imakhomeredwa ndi fosholo (hello, kuwulutsa), ndiyeno okonda fosholo amasangalala, akumalengeza kuti chipangizo chawo chingathebe zambiri. Aaa, ngati palibe amene akukuletsani kumenyetsa misomali ndi fosholo, sizomwe zinapangidwira. Zitha kukhala zothandiza mukafuna kupanga china chatsopano, koma palibe chifukwa chonena kuti chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake, nyundo yokhazikika ndi yotsika. Lolani chida chilichonse chichite zomwe chidapangidwira.
Ndikuganiza kuti aliyense adzasankha zomwe zili zoyenera komanso zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Kusankha kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zomwe angagwiritsire ntchito misomali ya nyundo kudzakhala chizindikiro chabwino cha njira yabwino kwambiri pa ntchitoyi.
Koma sikuti Bitcoin blockchain kapena lingaliro la Bitcoin limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati template yomwe idabwerekedwa kuti ipange yankho lake. Chovuta ndichakuti ambiri amayang'ana Bitcoin ndi blockchain yake.
Bitcoin ndi lingaliro lachindunji ndi njira yeniyeni yokwaniritsira. Ndipo m'malo mopanga malingaliro awoawo ndi njira zawo, kapena kupereka njira zosinthira Bitcoin, wina amangopanga "Bitcoin yawoyawo." Kusankha ndikwabwino, koma kodi timafunikira "ma bitcoins athu" ambiri? Koma ine, njira ya "kukhala ngati Bitcoin" imachepetsa malingaliro a Bitcoin ndi cryptocurrencies, komanso teknoloji ya blockchain yokha. Ngakhale mwina ndikulakwitsa.
Chifukwa chiyani Bitcoin ndi Model T
Koma popeza gulu la cryptocurrency lili ndi zambiri kapena zochepa zomwe zasankha pa lingaliro lofunika kwambiri la momwe cryptocurrency iyenera kuonekera, kenako ndikujambula kufanana ndi makampani oyendetsa galimoto, tikhoza kunena kuti Bitcoin ndi mtundu wa Ford Model T. Ngakhale kuti sichingatchulidwe kuti ndi mtundu wa Ford Model T. galimoto yoyamba, popeza analipo kale, koma ndiye amene anali woyamba kuthetsa vuto lalikulu lomwe linalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa misa koyamba - mtengo.
Lingaliro la cryptocurrencies linalinso mumlengalenga m'ma 90s ndipo panali zoyeserera ngati Bit Gold, B-Money ndi Hashcash, koma onse anali ndi vuto limodzi - centralization. Ndipo Bitcoin inathetsa vutoli, lomwe linapereka chithandizo choyamba pakati pa omwe chinali chofunikira kwa iwo.
Tsopano funso ndilakuti: kodi pali wina amene amawona Model Ts akuyendetsa m'misewu tsopano? Ndikuganiza kuti sizokayikitsa kuti ambiri aife tawonapo imodzi mwa magalimoto awa payekha. Ngati chiri chonse, uku sikutsutsa kwa Bitcoin osati mawu oti zikhala zopanda ntchito pakapita nthawi.
Malingaliro ndi mfundo zomwe timayika m'magalimoto amakono ndikusintha kwa malingaliro ndi mapangidwe a Model T. The Bitcoin yomwe tikudziwa tsopano idzachoka pambali. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zambiri zitha kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwanso malingaliro. Bitcoin yam'tsogolo ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi Bitcoin yamakono. Ikhoza kutaya zolakwa zina zamakono, koma ikhoza kupeza zatsopano zomwe sitikuziganizirabe. Ngakhale Bitcoin yomwe ilipo tsopano si yofanana ndi zaka 10 zapitazo.
Sizidziwika kuti chisinthiko chotani chomwe Bitcoin yoyambirira idzachita. Maziko amatha kukhala osasinthika, koma maukonde ake achiwiri ndi achitatu asintha kale ndikukula. Mwinamwake tidzapitirizabe kusintha kokha maziko okha. Kapena idzakhalabe Model T wakale uja, amene adzasonkhanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga nkhokwe ya mtengo wapatali.
Palibe chifukwa choneneratu nthawi yomweyo kuiwalika kapena kupambana kwa Bitcoin, chifukwa sitikudziwa vekitala yamtsogolo ya chitukuko chake. Kulankhula za kuiwalika: tsopano ndizosavuta kutsutsa Bitcoin ndi blockchain yake. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe amakonda, apa pali mphatso yaying'ono mu mawonekedwe . Ndikukhulupirira kuti ikuthandizani ndikupangitsa ntchito yanu kukhala yosavuta.
Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti kutsutsa kwa Bitcoin ndi lingaliro lake sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala lingaliro losavuta: "Galimoto iyi ilibe kavalo." Kodi tingatsimikize bwanji kuti udzatifikitsa kumeneko, ndipo tidzaulamulila bwanji? Bwanji tibwere ndi njira yovuta komanso yosamvetsetseka yoyendayenda ngati titha kukwera hatchi? Nβciani cimakupangitsani kuganiza kuti tidzakwela zimenezi, ngati takhala tikukwela akavalo kwa zaka masauzande? Bwanji ngati itasweka? Onsewa ndi mafunso ofunika. Mwina wina adzatha kuyankha pang'ono ngati samangoyang'ana pansi pa hood, koma yesetsani kumvetsetsa momwe "izi" zimagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zimapereka pamapeto pake.
Inde, kavalo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yabwino yapakati, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti tidzazigwiritsa ntchito mpaka kalekale.
Pang'ono za ziyembekezo
Popeza blockchain ndiukadaulo, ndizosavuta kuti zitenge dziko lapansi. Itha kukhazikitsidwa, pambuyo pake mutha kumvetsetsa mwachangu zomwe zikupereka. Mutha kuyesa nthawi zonse ndikuwunika kawiri mpaka mutapeza njira yabwino kwambiri, kapena kuitaya ngati yosafunikira. Palibe chifukwa chopanga zenizeni zatsopano ndikusintha kwambiri malingaliro a anthu, mutha kungosintha zomwe zili. Chifukwa cha izi, blockchain ikuwoneka ngati yeniyeni, motero imalonjeza kwambiri.
Malingaliro ngati Bitcoin ndi ovuta kwambiri. Ngati teknoloji ili ndi cholinga, ndiye kuti lingaliro ndi intersubjective. Ndiko kuti, chikoka chake ndi kukhulupirika kwake kumakula ndi chiwerengero cha omwe amachirikiza lingaliro ili ndikuwona tanthauzo lake. Ndalama, boma, chipembedzo, ufulu wa anthu, lingaliro la kupita patsogolo - zonsezi ndi maganizo intersubjective ndi nthano, ndi machitidwe omangidwa mozungulira iwo ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa luso lililonse.
Malingaliro nthawi zonse amakhala amphamvu kuposa matekinoloje, koma osati nthawi zonse odalirika kuposa iwo. Lingaliro likhoza kukhala lamoyo pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, timangosankha njira. Zimandikumbutsa Nassim Taleb: "Bitcoin idzadutsa muzokwera ndi zotsika. Ndipo akhoza kulephera. Koma titha kuyiyambitsanso mosavuta chifukwa tsopano tikudziwa momwe imagwirira ntchito. β
Inde, tsopano Bitcoin ikhoza kukhala mtundu wa inshuwaransi, koma sindikuganiza kuti palibe amene angafune kulowa mumkhalidwe womwe munthu wokakamizidwa gwiritsani ntchito Bitcoin, monga momwe zinalili ku Venezuela. Ndi bwino pamene munthu kufuna gwiritsani ntchito. Ndipo muyenera kuyesetsa izi, okondedwa cryptoanarchists.
Ngakhale blockchain ndi Bitcoin ali ndi chiyambi chofanana, ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zachitukuko. Palibe chifukwa chotsutsana ndi ogwirizana nawo za yemwe ali wabwino komanso wofunika kwambiri. Ndi bwino kupatsa mphamvuzo kuti apange njira zothetsera mavuto omwe amalola aliyense kupambana, osati m'mawu okha, koma m'zochitika. Mtendere kwa aliyense.
Osavulaza akavalo
Source: www.habr.com