Masiku ano, ntchito ya Bitrix24 ilibe mazana a magalimoto, komanso ilibe ma seva ambiri (ngakhale, ndithudi, pali ochepa omwe alipo). Koma kwa makasitomala ambiri ndiye chida chachikulu chogwirira ntchito pakampani; ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pabizinesi. Choncho, palibe njira yogwera. Bwanji ngati ngoziyo itachitika, koma ntchitoyo "inachira" mofulumira kotero kuti palibe amene adawona chirichonse? Ndipo zingatheke bwanji kukhazikitsa failover popanda kutaya khalidwe la ntchito ndi chiwerengero cha makasitomala? Alexander Demidov, wotsogolera ntchito zamtambo ku Bitrix24, adalankhula za blog yathu za momwe dongosolo losungitsira malo lasinthira pazaka 7 za kukhalapo kwa chinthucho.
"Tidayambitsa Bitrix24 ngati SaaS zaka 7 zapitazo. Chovuta chachikulu mwina chinali chotsatira: chisanayambike poyera ngati SaaS, izi zidangokhalapo mwanjira ya yankho la bokosi. Makasitomala adagula kuchokera kwa ife, adayiyika pa maseva awo, adakhazikitsa zipata zamakampani - yankho lachidule la kulumikizana kwa ogwira ntchito, kusungira mafayilo, kuyang'anira ntchito, CRM, ndizo zonse. Ndipo pofika chaka cha 2012, tinaganiza kuti tikufuna kuyiyambitsa ngati SaaS, kudziyang'anira tokha, kuonetsetsa kulekerera ndi kudalirika. Tinapeza chidziwitso panjira, chifukwa mpaka nthawi imeneyo tinalibe - tinali opanga mapulogalamu okha, osati opereka chithandizo.
Poyambitsa ntchitoyo, tidamvetsetsa kuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kulekerera zolakwika, kudalirika komanso kupezeka kosalekeza kwautumiki, chifukwa ngati muli ndi tsamba losavuta wamba, sitolo, mwachitsanzo, ndikugwera pa inu ndikukhala pamenepo. ola, mumavutika kokha, mumataya madongosolo , mumataya makasitomala, koma kwa kasitomala wanu mwiniwake, izi sizili zovuta kwambiri kwa iye. Inde, anakhumudwa, koma anapita kukagula pamalo ena. Ndipo ngati iyi ndi ntchito yomwe ntchito yonse mkati mwa kampani, mauthenga, zisankho zimamangiriridwa, ndiye kuti chofunika kwambiri ndi kupeza chidaliro cha ogwiritsa ntchito, ndiko kuti, kuti asawalole kuti asagwe. Chifukwa ntchito yonse ikhoza kuyima ngati china chake mkati sichigwira ntchito.
Bitrix.24 monga SaaS
Tinasonkhanitsa chitsanzo choyamba chaka chimodzi chisanachitike, mu 2011. Tidazisonkhanitsa pafupifupi sabata, kuziyang'ana, kuzizungulira - zidali kugwira ntchito. Ndiko kuti, mutha kulowa mu mawonekedwe, lowetsani dzina la portal pamenepo, portal yatsopano idzatsegulidwa, ndipo maziko a ogwiritsa ntchito angapangidwe. Tinaziyang'ana, kuwunika zomwe zili m'gululi, kuzitaya, ndikupitiriza kuzikonza kwa chaka chathunthu. Chifukwa tinali ndi ntchito yayikulu: sitinkafuna kupanga ma code awiri osiyana, sitinkafuna kuthandizira chinthu chosiyana, mayankho amtambo osiyana - tinkafuna kuchita zonse mkati mwa code imodzi.
Ntchito yodziwika bwino yapaintaneti panthawiyo inali seva imodzi pomwe ma code ena a PHP amayendera, database ya mysql, mafayilo amatsitsidwa, zikalata, zithunzi zimayikidwa mufoda yotsitsa - chabwino, zonse zimagwira ntchito. Kalanga, ndizosatheka kuyambitsa ntchito yokhazikika pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito izi. Kumeneko, cache yogawidwa sikuthandizidwa, kubwereza kwa database sikumathandizidwa.
Tinapanga zofunikira: uku ndikutha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuthandizira kubwereza, komanso kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe amagawidwa. Kulekanitsa malingaliro azinthu komanso, makamaka, kusunga deta. Kutha kukulitsa molingana ndi katundu, ndikulekerera ma statics palimodzi. Kuchokera paziganizozi, kwenikweni, zofunikira za mankhwalawa zinatuluka, zomwe tinaziyeretsa m'chaka. Panthawiyi, papulatifomu, yomwe idakhala yogwirizana - pazothetsera mabokosi, pazantchito zathu - tidathandizira zinthu zomwe timafunikira. Thandizo la kubwereza kwa mysql pa mlingo wa mankhwala omwewo: ndiko kuti, wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amalemba kachidindoyo saganizira za momwe zopempha zake zidzagawidwira, amagwiritsa ntchito api yathu, ndipo timadziwa kugawa molondola kulemba ndi kuwerenga zopempha pakati pa ambuye. ndi akapolo.
Tathandizira pamlingo wazinthu zosungirako zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtambo: google storage, amazon s3, komanso kuthandizira pa open stack swift. Chifukwa chake, izi zinali zabwino kwa ife monga ntchito komanso kwa opanga omwe amagwira ntchito ndi yankho la phukusi: ngati angogwiritsa ntchito API yathu pantchito, samaganizira za komwe fayiloyo idzasungidwe pamapeto pake, kwanuko pamafayilo kapena mu fayilo yosungirako zinthu.
Chotsatira chake, tinaganiza nthawi yomweyo kuti tisunge pamlingo wa data center yonse. Mu 2012, tidayambitsa kwathunthu pa Amazon AWS chifukwa tinali ndi chidziwitso kale ndi nsanja iyi - tsamba lathu lidakhazikitsidwa pamenepo. Tinakopeka ndi mfundo yakuti m'dera lililonse Amazon ili ndi madera angapo kupezeka - kwenikweni, (m'mawu awo) malo angapo deta omwe mochuluka kapena pang'ono odziyimira pawokha wina ndi mzake ndipo amatilola kusungitsa pa mlingo wa malo deta lonse: ngati zikalephera mwadzidzidzi, nkhokwezo zimabwerezedwanso master-master, ma seva ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti amathandizidwa, ndipo deta yosasunthika imasunthidwa kumalo osungirako zinthu za s3. Katunduyo ndi wokwanira - panthawiyo ndi Amazon elb, koma patapita nthawi tidabwera kwa zolemetsa zathu, chifukwa timafunikira malingaliro ovuta kwambiri.
Zomwe amafuna ndi zomwe adapeza ...
Zinthu zonse zofunika zomwe timafuna kuonetsetsa - kulekerera zolakwika kwa ma seva okha, mapulogalamu a pa intaneti, nkhokwe - zonse zidayenda bwino. Chochitika chosavuta: ngati imodzi mwamawebusayiti athu ikalephera, ndiye kuti chilichonse ndi chosavuta - amazimitsidwa kuti asagwirizane.
Balancer (panthawiyo anali Amazon's elb) adalemba makina omwe anali osakhazikika ngati opanda thanzi ndipo adazimitsa kugawa katundu pa iwo. Amazon autoscaling inagwira ntchito: pamene katunduyo anakula, makina atsopano anawonjezeredwa ku gulu la autoscaling, katunduyo anagawidwa ku makina atsopano - zonse zinali bwino. Ndi ma balancers athu, malingaliro ake ndi ofanana: ngati chinachake chikuchitika pa seva yogwiritsira ntchito, timachotsa zopempha, kutaya makinawa, kuyambitsa zatsopano ndikupitiriza kugwira ntchito. Ndondomekoyi yasintha pang'ono pazaka, koma ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito: ndi yosavuta, yomveka, ndipo palibe zovuta nazo.
Timagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, nsonga zamakasitomala ndizosiyana kotheratu, ndipo, mwamtendere, tiyenera kugwira ntchito zina pazigawo zilizonse zamakina athu nthawi iliyonse - osazindikirika ndi makasitomala. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi mwayi wothimitsa database kuti isagwire ntchito, ndikugawanso katunduyo kumalo achiwiri a data.
Kodi zonsezi zimagwira ntchito bwanji? - Timasinthira magalimoto kumalo ogwirira ntchito - ngati pachitika ngozi pamalo opangira data, ndiye kwathunthu, ngati iyi ndi ntchito yathu yokonzekera ndi database imodzi, ndiye kuti timasintha gawo la magalimoto omwe amatumizira makasitomalawa kumalo achiwiri a data, kuyimitsa izo kubwereza. Ngati makina atsopano akufunika pa ntchito zapaintaneti chifukwa katundu pa data yachiwiri wawonjezeka, adzayamba basi. Tikamaliza ntchitoyi, kubwereza kumabwezeretsedwa, ndipo timabwezera katundu wonse. Ngati tifunika kuwonetsa ntchito ina mu DC yachiwiri, mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa zosintha zamakina kapena kusintha makonzedwe mu database yachiwiri, ndiye, kawirikawiri, timabwereza zomwezo, kumbali ina. Ndipo ngati izi zachitika mwangozi, ndiye kuti timachita chilichonse mopepuka: timagwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera zochitika munjira yowunikira. Ngati macheke angapo ayambika ndipo mawonekedwewo afika povuta, ndiye kuti timayendetsa chogwirizira ichi, chothandizira chomwe chingathe kuchita izi kapena malingaliro awo. Pa database iliyonse, timafotokozera kuti ndi seva iti yomwe yalephera, komanso komwe magalimoto amayenera kusinthidwa ngati palibe. M'mbiri, timagwiritsa ntchito nagios kapena mafoloko ake mwanjira ina. M'malo mwake, njira zofananirazi zilipo pafupifupi panjira iliyonse yowunikira; sitigwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chovuta kwambiri, koma mwina tsiku lina tidzatero. Tsopano kuyang'anitsitsa kumayambitsidwa ndi kusapezeka ndipo kumakhala ndi mphamvu yosintha chinachake.
Kodi tasunga zonse?
Tili ndi makasitomala ambiri ochokera ku USA, makasitomala ambiri ochokera ku Ulaya, makasitomala ambiri omwe ali pafupi ndi East - Japan, Singapore ndi zina zotero. Inde, gawo lalikulu la makasitomala ali ku Russia. Ndiko kuti, ntchito si mβdera limodzi. Ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kuyankha mwachangu, pali zofunika kutsatira malamulo osiyanasiyana amderalo, ndipo m'chigawo chilichonse timasunga malo awiri opangira data, kuphatikiza pali zina zowonjezera, zomwe, ndizosavuta kuziyika m'dera limodzi - kwa makasitomala omwe ali mkati. dera lino zikugwira ntchito. Othandizira a REST, ma seva ovomerezeka, sakhala ofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa kasitomala wonse, mutha kusinthana nawo ndikuchedwa pang'ono kovomerezeka, koma simukufuna kubwezeretsanso gudumu momwe mungawayang'anire komanso zoyenera kuchita. ndi iwo. Chifukwa chake, tikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zilipo mpaka pano, m'malo mopanga luso lamtundu wina pazowonjezera. Ndipo kwinakwake timagwiritsa ntchito kusintha pang'ono pamlingo wa DNS, ndipo timazindikira kukhazikika kwautumiki ndi DNS yomweyo. Amazon ili ndi ntchito ya Route 53, koma si DNS yokha yomwe mungalowemo ndipo ndizomwezo - ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta. Kupyolera mu izo mungathe kumanga mautumiki ogawidwa ndi geolocations, pamene mumagwiritsa ntchito kuti mudziwe kumene kasitomala amachokera ndikumupatsa zolemba zina - ndi chithandizo chake mukhoza kumanga zomangamanga za failover. Macheke omwewo amakonzedwa mu Route 53 yokha, mumayika mathero omwe amayang'aniridwa, kuyika ma metrics, kuyika ma protocol kuti mudziwe "moyo" wautumiki - tcp, http, https; ikani macheke pafupipafupi omwe amatsimikizira ngati ntchitoyo ili yamoyo kapena ayi. Ndipo mu DNS palokha mumatchula chomwe chidzakhala choyambirira, chomwe chidzakhala chachiwiri, komwe mungasinthire ngati cheke chaumoyo chikuyambika mkati mwa njira 53. Zonsezi zikhoza kuchitika ndi zida zina, koma chifukwa chiyani ndizosavuta - timaziyika. kamodzi ndiyeno osaganizira konse za momwe timayendera, momwe timasinthira: chilichonse chimagwira ntchito chokha.
Choyamba "koma": bwanji ndi zomwe mungasungire njira 53 yokha? Ndani akudziwa, bwanji ngati chinachake chingamuchitikire? Mwamwayi, sitinakwerepo, koma kachiwiri, ndidzakhala ndi nkhani yofotokoza chifukwa chomwe tinkaganiza kuti tikufunikabe kusungitsa malo. Apa tidadzikonzeratu udzu. Kangapo patsiku timatsitsa madera onse omwe tili nawo panjira 53. Amazon's API imakupatsani mwayi kuti muwatumize mosavuta ku JSON, ndipo tili ndi ma seva angapo osunga zobwezeretsera komwe timawasintha, kuwayika ngati ma configs ndikukhala, kunena, zosunga zobwezeretsera. Zina zikachitika, titha kuziyika mwachangu pamanja osataya zosintha za DNS.
Chachiwiri "koma": Ndi chiyani chomwe sichinasungidwe pachithunzichi? Wolinganiza wokha! Kugawa kwathu makasitomala ndi dera kumapangidwa mophweka kwambiri. Tili ndi madera bitrix24.ru, bitrix24.com, .de - tsopano pali 13 zosiyana, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Tinafika ku zotsatirazi: dera lililonse lili ndi ma balancers ake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugawa kumadera onse, kutengera komwe kuchuluka kwa netiweki kuli. Ngati izi zikulephera pamlingo wa balancer imodzi, ndiye kuti zimangochotsedwa ntchito ndikuchotsedwa ku dns. Ngati pali vuto ndi gulu la olinganiza, ndiye kuti amathandizidwa pamasamba ena, ndipo kusinthana pakati pawo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo53, chifukwa chifukwa cha TTL yayifupi, kusintha kumachitika mkati mwa mphindi 2, 3, 5. .
Chachitatu "koma": Ndi chiyani chomwe sichinasungidwebe? S3, chabwino. Pamene tidayika mafayilo omwe timawasungira ogwiritsa ntchito mu s3, tinkakhulupirira moona mtima kuti inali kuboola zida ndipo panalibe chifukwa chosungira chilichonse pamenepo. Koma mbiri imasonyeza kuti zinthu zimachitika mosiyana. Kawirikawiri, Amazon imalongosola S3 ngati ntchito yofunikira, chifukwa Amazon yokha imagwiritsa ntchito S3 kusunga zithunzi zamakina, ma configs, zithunzi za AMI, zithunzithunzi ... bitrix3, imatsatira ngati fani Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimabwera - kulephera kuyambitsa makina enieni, kulephera kwa api, ndi zina zotero.
Ndipo S3 ikhoza kugwa - zidachitika kamodzi. Choncho, tinafika ku chiwembu chotsatirachi: zaka zingapo zapitazo kunalibe malo osungiramo zinthu zapagulu ku Russia, ndipo tinaganiza zosankha zochita zathu ... Mwamwayi, sitinayambe kuchita izi, chifukwa tikanatha. tidakumba ukatswiri womwe tilibe womwe tili nawo, ndipo mwina ungasokoneze. Tsopano Mail.ru ili ndi yosungirako yogwirizana ndi s3, Yandex ili nayo, ndipo ena ambiri opereka chithandizo ali nayo. Pambuyo pake tidafika pamalingaliro oti tikufuna kukhala, choyamba, zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndipo chachiwiri, kuthekera kogwira ntchito ndi makope akumaloko. Kwa dera la Russia makamaka, timagwiritsa ntchito Mail.ru Hotbox service, yomwe ndi API yogwirizana ndi s3. Sitinafune kusintha kwakukulu pamakina mkati mwa pulogalamuyi, ndipo tidapanga njira zotsatirazi: mu s3 pali zoyambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa kupanga / kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu, Amazon ili ndi ntchito yotchedwa Lambda - uku ndikukhazikitsa kopanda seva. izo zidzachitidwa pamene zoyambitsa zina zayambika.
Tidachita izi mophweka: ngati tiyambitsa moto, timapereka code yomwe ingakopere chinthucho ku Mail.ru yosungirako. Kuti tiyambe kugwira ntchito ndi makope am'deralo, timafunikanso kugwirizanitsa kuti makasitomala omwe ali m'gawo la Russia athe kugwira ntchito ndi malo osungira omwe ali pafupi nawo. Imelo yatsala pang'ono kumaliza zoyambitsa posungira - zitheka kugwirizanitsa zosinthika pamlingo wa zomangamanga, koma pakadali pano tikuchita izi pamlingo wa code yathu. Ngati tiwona kuti kasitomala watumiza fayilo, ndiye kuti pamlingo wa code timayika chochitikacho pamzere, ndikuchikonza ndikusinthanso kubwereza. Chifukwa chiyani zili zoipa: ngati tichita mtundu wina wa ntchito ndi zinthu zathu kunja kwa mankhwala athu, ndiko kuti, mwa njira zina zakunja, sitingaganizire. Choncho, timadikirira mpaka mapeto, pamene zoyambitsa zikuwonekera pa mlingo wosungirako, kotero kuti ziribe kanthu komwe timapereka code kuchokera, chinthu chomwe chinabwera kwa ife chimakopedwa kumbali ina.
Pa mlingo wa ma code, timalembetsa zosungira zonse kwa kasitomala aliyense: imodzi imatengedwa kuti ndiyo yaikulu, ina imatengedwa ngati yosunga zobwezeretsera. Ngati zonse zili bwino, timagwira ntchito ndi zosungirako zomwe zili pafupi ndi ife: ndiko kuti, makasitomala athu omwe ali ku Amazon, amagwira ntchito ndi S3, ndi omwe amagwira ntchito ku Russia, amagwira ntchito ndi Hotbox. Ngati mbendera yayambika, ndiye kuti failover iyenera kulumikizidwa, ndipo timasinthira makasitomala kumalo ena osungira. Titha kuyang'ana bokosili mosadalira dera ndikusintha mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Sitinagwiritse ntchito izi pochita, koma tapereka makinawa ndipo tikuganiza kuti tsiku lina tidzafunika kusintha komweku ndikubwera kothandiza. Izi zachitika kale kamodzi.
O, ndipo Amazon inathawa ...
Epulo ili ndi tsiku lokumbukira kuyambika kwa Telegraph ku Russia. Wothandizira wokhudzidwa kwambiri yemwe adagwa pansi pa izi ndi Amazon. Ndipo, mwatsoka, makampani aku Russia omwe amagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi adavutika kwambiri.
Ngati kampaniyo ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo Russia ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri, 3-5% - chabwino, mwanjira ina, mutha kuyipereka nsembe.
Ngati iyi ndi kampani yaku Russia yokha - ndikutsimikiza kuti ikuyenera kukhala kwanuko - chabwino, ingokhala yabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito okha, omasuka, ndipo padzakhala zowopsa zochepa.
Nanga bwanji ngati iyi ndi kampani yomwe imagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ili ndi makasitomala pafupifupi ofanana ochokera ku Russia komanso kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi? Kulumikizana kwa magawo ndikofunikira, ndipo amayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi mwanjira ina.
Kumapeto kwa March 2018, Roskomnadzor adatumiza kalata kwa ogwira ntchito akuluakulu omwe adanena kuti akukonzekera kuletsa mamiliyoni angapo a Amazon IPs kuti atseke ... mthenga wa Zello. Chifukwa cha opereka omwewa - adatulutsa kalatayo kwa aliyense, ndipo panali kumvetsetsa kuti kulumikizana ndi Amazon kumatha kutha. Lachisanu, tinathamangira kwa anzathu kuchokera ku servers.ru mwamantha, nati: "Anzanga, tikufuna ma seva angapo omwe sadzakhala ku Russia, osati ku Amazon, koma, mwachitsanzo, kwinakwake ku Amsterdam," kuti. kuti kuti tithe mwanjira ina kukhazikitsa kwathu VPN ndi projekiti pamenepo chifukwa cha mfundo zina zomwe sitingathe kuzikhudza mwanjira iliyonse, mwachitsanzo ma endponts a s3 omwewo - sitingayesere kukweza ntchito yatsopano ndikupeza ip yosiyana, tikufunikabe kukafika. M'masiku ochepa chabe, tidakhazikitsa ma seva awa, tidawayambitsa ndikuyendetsa, ndipo, makamaka, tidakonzekera nthawi yomwe kutsekereza kudayamba. Ndizodabwitsa kuti RKN, akuyang'ana mkangano ndi mantha, adati: "Ayi, sitingatseke kalikonse tsopano." (Koma izi ziri ndendende mpaka nthawi yomwe Telegalamu inayamba kutsekedwa.) Atakhazikitsa mphamvu zodutsa ndikuzindikira kuti kutsekereza sikunayambitsidwe, ife, komabe, sitinayambe kukonza nkhani yonse. Inde, ngati zingatheke.
Ndipo mu 2019, tikukhalabe m'malo otsekereza. Ndinayang'ana usiku watha: pafupifupi ma IP miliyoni akupitirizabe kutsekedwa. Zoonadi, Amazon inali pafupi kutsekedwa kwathunthu, pachimake chake inafikira maadiresi 20 miliyoni ... Kawirikawiri, zoona zake n'zakuti sipangakhale kugwirizana, kugwirizana bwino. Mwadzidzidzi. Zitha kusakhalapo pazifukwa zaukadaulo - moto, zofukula, zonsezo. Kapena, monga taonera, osati luso kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, wina wamkulu ndi wamkulu, wokhala ndi ma AS awo, amatha kuyendetsa izi mwanjira zina - kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zina zili kale pamlingo wa l2. Koma mu mtundu wosavuta, ngati wathu kapena wocheperako, mutha, ngati, mutakhala ndi redundancy pamlingo wa ma seva omwe adakwezedwa kwina, kukhazikitsidwa pasadakhale vpn, proxy, ndi kuthekera kosinthira kasinthidwe kwa iwo m'magawo amenewo. zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulumikizana kwanu. Izi zidatithandiza kangapo, pomwe kutsekereza kwa Amazon kudayamba; pazovuta kwambiri, tidangolola kuchuluka kwa S3 kudzera mwa iwo, koma pang'onopang'ono zonsezi zidathetsedwa.
Kodi mungasungire bwanji ... opereka onse?
Pakali pano tilibe zochitika ngati Amazon yonse ingagwe. Tili ndi zochitika zofananira ku Russia. Ku Russia, tinalandiridwa ndi wothandizira mmodzi, yemwe tinasankha kukhala ndi malo angapo. Ndipo chaka chapitacho tinakumana ndi vuto: ngakhale kuti awa ndi malo awiri a deta, pakhoza kukhala mavuto omwe ali kale pamlingo wa kasinthidwe ka maukonde a wothandizira omwe adzakhudzabe malo onse a deta. Ndipo titha kukhala osapezeka pamasamba onsewa. Ndithudi ndi zimene zinachitika. Tinamaliza kuganiziranso zomangamanga mkati. Sizinasinthe kwambiri, koma ku Russia tsopano tili ndi malo awiri, omwe sali ochokera kwa wothandizira yemweyo, koma kuchokera ku ziwiri zosiyana. Ngati imodzi yalephera, tikhoza kusinthana ndi ina.
Mwachinyengo, kwa Amazon tikulingalira za kuthekera kosungitsa malo pamlingo wa wopereka wina; mwina Google, mwina munthu wina ... Koma mpaka pano taona mukuchita kuti pamene Amazon ali ndi ngozi pa mlingo wa zone kupezeka, ngozi pa mlingo wa dera lonse ndi osowa ndithu. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi lingaliro loti titha kupanga kusungitsa "Amazon si Amazon", koma pochita izi sizili choncho.
Mawu ochepa okhudza automation
Kodi zodzichitira zokha ndizofunikira nthawi zonse? Apa ndi koyenera kukumbukira zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger. Pa mzere wa "x" pali chidziwitso chathu ndi zomwe takumana nazo zomwe timapeza, ndipo pa mzere wa "y" pali chidaliro muzochita zathu. Poyamba sitidziwa kalikonse ndipo sitikudziwa kalikonse. Ndiye ife tikudziwa pang'ono ndi kukhala mega-chidaliro - ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "chitsiru cha kupusa", chowonetsedwa bwino ndi chithunzi "dementia ndi kulimba mtima". Ndiye taphunzira pang'ono ndipo takonzeka kupita kunkhondo. Kenaka timaponda pa zolakwika zazikulu kwambiri ndikudzipeza tokha mu chigwa cha kukhumudwa, pamene tikuwoneka kuti tikudziwa chinachake, koma kwenikweni sitikudziwa zambiri. Kenako, pamene tikudziΕ΅a zambiri, timakhala odzidalira kwambiri.
Lingaliro lathu la masinthidwe osiyanasiyana odziwikiratu ku ngozi zina likufotokozedwa bwino ndi graph iyi. Tinayamba - sitinadziwe momwe tingachitire chilichonse, pafupifupi ntchito zonse zinkachitidwa ndi manja. Kenako tinazindikira kuti titha kumangiriza zodzichitira pa chilichonse ndipo, ngati, kugona mwamtendere. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi timaponda pa mega-rake: chowonadi chabodza chimayambika, ndipo timasintha magalimoto mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pamene, mwanjira yabwino, sitikadayenera kuchita izi. Chifukwa chake, kubwerezabwereza kumasokonekera kapena chinthu china - ichi ndiye chigwa cha kuthedwa nzeru. Ndiyeno timafika pakumvetsetsa kuti tiyenera kuyandikira chirichonse mwanzeru. Ndiko kuti, ndizomveka kudalira makina, kupereka mwayi wa ma alarm abodza. Koma! ngati zotsatira zake zingakhale zowononga, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kusiya ntchitoyo, kwa akatswiri omwe akugwira ntchito, omwe adzawonetsetsa ndikuwunika kuti pali ngozi, ndipo adzachita zofunikira pamanja ...
Pomaliza
Pazaka 7, tinachoka ku mfundo yakuti pamene chinachake chinagwa, panali mantha-mantha, kumvetsetsa kuti mavuto kulibe, pali ntchito zokha, zomwe ziyenera - ndipo zingathetsedwe. Pamene mukumanga ntchito, yang'anani kuchokera pamwamba, yesani zoopsa zonse zomwe zingachitike. Ngati muwawona nthawi yomweyo, ndiye perekani kwa redundancy pasadakhale komanso kuthekera komanga maziko osagwirizana ndi zolakwika, chifukwa mfundo iliyonse yomwe ingalephereke ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo isagwire ntchito idzachitadi. Ndipo ngakhale zikuwoneka kwa inu kuti zinthu zina za zomangamanga sizingalephereke - monga s3 yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti angathe. Ndipo mwina mwamalingaliro, khalani ndi lingaliro la zomwe mungachite nawo ngati china chake chichitika. Khalani ndi dongosolo lowongolera zoopsa. Mukamaganiza zopanga chilichonse mwachisawawa kapena pamanja, yang'anani kuopsa kwake: chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati makinawo ayamba kusintha chilichonse - izi sizingabweretse vuto lalikulu poyerekeza ndi ngozi? Mwina penapake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kusagwirizana koyenera pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito makina ndi momwe injiniya ali pantchito, yemwe angayese chithunzi chenicheni ndikumvetsetsa ngati china chake chiyenera kusinthidwa pomwepo kapena "inde, koma osati tsopano."
Kuyanjanitsa koyenera pakati pa kufuna kuchita zinthu mwangwiro ndi kuyesayesa kwenikweni, nthawi, ndalama zimene mungagwiritse ntchito pa chiwembu chimene mudzakhala nacho pomalizira pake.
Lembali ndi mtundu wosinthidwa komanso wokulitsidwa wa lipoti la Alexander Demidov pamsonkhano .
Source: www.habr.com