Makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri amayendetsa Linux - tiyeni tikambirane momwe zinthu zilili

Pofika chaka cha 2018, makina mazana asanu otsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amayenda pa Linux. Timakambirana zifukwa zomwe zilili panopa ndikupereka malingaliro a akatswiri.

Фото - rawpixel — PD

Market State

Pakadali pano, Linux ikutaya machitidwe ena ogwirira ntchito pomenyera msika wa PC. Wolemba zoperekedwa Statista, Linux imayikidwa pamakompyuta 1,65% okha, pomwe 77% ya ogwiritsa ntchito ndi Microsoft OS.

Zinthu zili bwino mumtambo ndi malo a IaaS, ngakhale Windows ikadali mtsogoleri panonso. Mwachitsanzo, OS iyi amagwiritsa 45% ya makasitomala a 1cloud.ru, pomwe 44% idakonda kugawa kwa Linux.

Koma ngati tilankhula za makompyuta ochita bwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti Linux ndiye mtsogoleri womveka bwino. Malinga ndi posachedwapa lipoti portal Top500 ndi pulojekiti yomwe ili pamndandanda wamakompyuta amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - makompyuta apamwamba kuchokera pamndandanda wapamwamba wa 500 amamangidwa pa Linux.

Pa makina a Summit (nambala imodzi pamndandanda panthawi yolemba), yomwe idapangidwa ndi IBM, Red Hat Enterprise yakhazikitsidwa. Kachitidwe komweko amalamulira yachiwiri yamphamvu kwambiri makompyuta ndi Sierra, ndi Chinese kukhazikitsa TaihuLight amagwira ntchito pa Sunway Raise OS yochokera pa Linux.

Zifukwa zakufalikira kwa Linux

Kukonzekera. Linux kernel ndi monolithic ndi masitolo Lili ndi zigawo zonse zofunika - oyendetsa, ntchito scheduler, wapamwamba dongosolo. Nthawi yomweyo, mautumiki a kernel amachitidwa pamalo adilesi ya kernel, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito onse aziyenda bwino. Linux ilinso ndi zofunikira zapadziko lonse lapansi. Zogawa zina zikugwira ntchito pazida zomwe zili ndi kukumbukira kwa 128 MB. Mfundo yakuti makina a Linux ndi opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa Windows zaka zingapo zapitazo adziwa ngakhale m'modzi mwa opanga Microsoft. Zina mwazifukwa zake, adawunikira zosintha zomwe zikufuna kukulitsa ma code.

Kutseguka. Makompyuta apamwamba m'zaka za m'ma 70 ndi 80s adamangidwa kwambiri pazogawa zamalonda za UNIX, monga Mtengo wa UNICOS kuchokera ku Cray. Maunivesite ndi ma laboratories ofufuza adakakamizika kulipira ndalama zambiri kwa olemba OS, zomwe zinakhudza kwambiri mtengo womaliza wa makompyuta apamwamba - unakwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri. Kuwonekera kwa njira yotseguka yogwiritsira ntchito kwachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zamapulogalamu. Mu 1998 zinaperekedwa supercomputer yoyamba yozikidwa pa Linux - Avalon Cluster. Idasonkhanitsidwa ku Los Alamos National Laboratory ku USA kwa madola 152 okha.

Makinawa anali ndi magwiridwe antchito a 19,3 gigaflops ndipo adatenga malo a 314 padziko lonse lapansi. Poyang'ana koyamba, izi ndizopambana pang'ono, koma chiŵerengero cha mtengo / ntchito chakopa opanga makompyuta apamwamba. M'zaka ziwiri zokha, Linux idakwanitsa kutenga 10% yamsika.

Kusintha mwamakonda. Supercomputer iliyonse ili ndi zida zapadera za IT. Kutseguka kwa Linux kumapatsa mainjiniya kusinthasintha komwe amafunikira kuti asinthe ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Woyang'anira Eddie Epstein, yemwe adathandizira kupanga makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri a Watson, wotchedwa kukwanitsa komanso kuwongolera pang'ono ndizifukwa zazikulu zakusankha SUSE Linux.

Makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri amtsogolo

IBM's 148-petaflop Summit computing system yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka zingapo tsopano. amagwira malo oyamba mu Top500. Koma mu 2021, zinthu zitha kusintha - ma supercomputer angapo apamwamba adzalowa msika nthawi yomweyo.

Фото - OLCF ku ORNL -CC PA

Chimodzi mwa izo chikupangidwa ndi US Department of Energy (DOE) pamodzi ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Cray. Mphamvu zake adzatumiza kufufuza malo ndi zotsatira za kutentha kwa dziko, kufufuza mankhwala ochizira khansa ndi zipangizo zatsopano kwa mapanelo adzuwa. Zimadziwika kale kuti supercomputer idzayendetsedwa Cray Linux Environment OS - Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi SUSE Linux Enterprise.

China iwonetsanso makina ake apamwamba kwambiri. Idzatchedwa Tianhe-3 ndipo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga majini ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala. Supercomputer iyenera kukhazikitsa Kylin Linux, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale - Tianhe-2.

Chifukwa chake, titha kuyembekezera kuti zomwe zikuchitikazi zipitilira zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, ndipo Linux ipitiliza kulimbikitsa utsogoleri wake mu niche yamakompyuta apamwamba kwambiri.

Ife ku 1cloud timapereka chithandizo "Private Cloud". Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kutumiza mwachangu zida za IT pama projekiti azovuta zilizonse.
Mtambo wathu anamangidwa pa chitsulo Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Zidazi zili m'malo angapo a deta: Moscow DataSpace, St. Petersburg SDN / Xelent ndi Almaty Ahost.

Source: www.habr.com