Kuwunikanso kwachiwopsezo cha cybersecurity pamakina azidziwitso azachipatala kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2017.

- Kodi zidziwitso zachipatala ndizofala bwanji ku Russia?
- Kodi mungatiuze zambiri za Unified State Health Information System (EGSIZ)?
- Kodi mungatiuze zambiri zaukadaulo wamakina azachipatala apanyumba?
- Kodi zinthu zili bwanji ndi cybersecurity yanyumba ya EMIAS?
- Kodi zinthu zili bwanji ndi cybersecurity yamachidziwitso azachipatala - pamawerengero?
Kodi ma virus apakompyuta angawononge zida zamankhwala?
- Kodi ma virus a ransomware ndi owopsa bwanji azachipatala?
- Ngati zochitika zapaintaneti ndizowopsa, chifukwa chiyani opanga zida zamankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo pakompyuta?
- Chifukwa chiyani zigawenga za pa intaneti zidasintha kuchoka pazachuma ndi masitolo ogulitsa kupita kuzipatala?
- Chifukwa chiyani matenda a ransomware awonjezeka muzachipatala ndikupitiriza kutero?
- Madokotala, anamwino ndi odwala omwe akhudzidwa ndi WannaCry - zidawathera bwanji?
- Kodi zigawenga za pa intaneti zingawononge bwanji chipatala cha opaleshoni ya pulasitiki?
- Wolakwa pa intaneti adaba khadi lachipatala - izi zikuwopseza bwanji mwini wake?
- Chifukwa chiyani kubedwa kwa makhadi azachipatala kukukulirakulira chotere?
- Kodi kuba kwa manambala a chitetezo cha anthu kumakhudzana bwanji ndi makampani achinyengo?
- Masiku ano pali nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi chiyembekezo ndi chitetezo cha machitidwe anzeru ochita kupanga. Kodi izi zikuyenda bwanji muzachipatala?
Kodi gawo lazachipatala laphunzirapo za WannaCry?
- Kodi zipatala zingatsimikizire bwanji cybersecurity?

Ndemanga iyi idadziwika ndi kalata yothokoza yochokera ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russian Federation (onani chithunzithunzi pansi pa wowononga).

Kodi zidziwitso zachipatala ndizofala bwanji ku Russia?

• Mu 2006, Informatics of Siberia (kampani ya IT yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino pakupanga zidziwitso zachipatala) idati [38]: "MIT Technology Review nthawi ndi nthawi imasindikiza mndandanda wazinthu khumi zodalirika zamaukadaulo ndi kulumikizana komwe kungakhudze kwambiri moyo wamunthu. posachedwapa. Mu 2006, malo 6 mwa 10 pamndandandawu adadzazidwa ndi matekinoloje okhudzana ndi zamankhwala mwanjira ina. Chaka cha 2007 chinalengezedwa ku Russia ngati "chaka cha chidziwitso cha zaumoyo". Kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2017, kudalira kwaumoyo pazidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana kukukulirakulira. "
• Pa Seputembara 10, 2012, chidziwitso ndi malo owunikira "Open Systems" inanena [41] kuti mu 2012, ma polyclinics 350 aku Moscow adalumikizidwa ndi EMIAS (Unified Medical Information and Analytical System). Patapita nthawi, pa October 24, 2012, gwero lomwelo linanena [42] kuti pakali pano madokotala 3,8 zikwi ali ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ndipo nzika za 1,8 miliyoni zayesa kale ntchito ya EMIAS. Pa May 12, 2015, gwero lomwelo linanena [40] kuti EMIAS imagwira ntchito mu polyclinics yonse ya 660 ya Moscow, ndipo ili ndi deta kuchokera kwa odwala oposa 7 miliyoni.
• Pa June 25, 2016, magazini ya Profil inafalitsa [43] maganizo a akatswiri a PwC international analytical center: "Moscow ndi mzinda wokhawo umene dongosolo logwirizana loyang'anira ma polyclinics a mumzinda wakhazikitsidwa bwino, pamene njira yofanana ndi imeneyi m'mizinda ina ya dziko, kuphatikizapo New York ndi London, zikungokambirana”. Mbiri inanenanso kuti kuyambira pa July 25, 2016, 75% ya Muscovites (pafupifupi anthu 9 miliyoni) adalembedwa ndi EMIAS, oposa 20 zikwi za madokotala amagwira ntchito mu dongosolo; kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosololi, anthu opitilira 240 miliyoni adasankhidwa ndi madokotala; kuposa 500 zikwi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ikuchitika tsiku lililonse mu dongosolo. Pa February 10, 2017, Ekho Moskvy adanena [39] kuti pakali pano ku Moscow oposa 97% osankhidwa achipatala amapangidwa ndi EMIAS.
• Pa July 19, 2016, Veronika Skvortsova, Minister of Health of the Russian Federation, adanena [11] kuti pofika kumapeto kwa 2018, 95% ya zipatala za dzikolo zidzalumikizidwa ndi Unified State Health Information System (EGISZ) - ndi kubweretsa mbiri yachipatala yogwirizana (EMC). Lamulo loyenerera, lokakamiza zigawo za Russia kuti zigwirizane ndi dongosololi, zakhala zikukambidwa poyera, zimagwirizana ndi mabungwe onse a federal omwe ali ndi chidwi ndipo posachedwa apita ku boma. Veronika Skvortsova adanena kuti m'zigawo za 83 adakonza msonkhano wamagetsi ndi dokotala; dongosolo logwirizana la ambulansi lachigawo linayambitsidwa mu maphunziro a 66; machitidwe azidziwitso azachipatala amagwira ntchito m'zigawo 81 za dzikolo, pomwe 57% ya madotolo adalumikiza malo ogwirira ntchito. [khumi ndi chimodzi]

Kodi mungatiuze zambiri za Unified State Health Information System (EGSIZ)?

• USSIZ ndiye muzu wa HIS zonse zapakhomo (zachipatala). Zili ndi zigawo zachigawo - RISUZ (dongosolo lazidziwitso lazaumoyo m'chigawo). EMIAS, yomwe yatchulidwa kale pamwambapa, ndi imodzi mwa makope a RISUS (odziwika kwambiri komanso odalirika). [51] Monga tafotokozera [56] ndi akonzi a magazini "Mtsogoleri wa Information Service", USSIZ ndi mtambo-network IT zomangamanga, chilengedwe cha zigawo zigawo ikuchitika ndi malo kafukufuku Kaliningrad, Kostroma, Novosibirsk, Orel, Saratov, Tomsk ndi mizinda ina ya Chitaganya cha Russia.
• Ntchito ya USSIZ ndikuchotsa "patchwork informatization" yaumoyo; polumikiza MIS ya m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, iliyonse yomwe, isanakhazikitsidwe USSIZ, idagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yake yopangidwa ndi makonda, popanda miyeso yolumikizana yapakati. [54] Kuyambira 2008, miyezo ya IT ya 26 yokhudzana ndi mafakitale yakhala pamtima pa malo ogwirizana azachipatala a Russian Federation [50]. 20 mwa iwo ndi ochokera kumayiko ena.
• Ntchito ya zipatala zimadalira kwambiri HIS, monga OpenEMR kapena EMIAS. HIS imapereka kusungirako zambiri za wodwalayo: zotsatira za matenda, deta pa mankhwala otchulidwa, mbiri yachipatala, ndi zina zotero. Zigawo zodziwika bwino za HIS (kuyambira pa Marichi 30, 2017): EHR (Electronic Health Records) ndi njira yoyang'anira zachipatala yamagetsi yomwe imasunga deta ya odwala mu mawonekedwe okonzedwa ndikusunga mbiri yake yachipatala. NAS (Network Attached Storage) - kusungirako maukonde. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) ndi muyeso wa kujambula kwa digito ndi kulumikizana muzamankhwala. PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) ndi njira yosungiramo zithunzi ndikusinthana zomwe zimagwira ntchito motsatira muyezo wa DICOM. Amapanga, amasunga ndikuwona zithunzi zachipatala ndi zolemba za odwala omwe adayesedwa. Zodziwika kwambiri pamakina a DICOM. [3] Ma IIA onsewa ali pachiwopsezo cha ma cyberattack opangidwa bwino, tsatanetsatane wake amapezeka poyera.
• Mu 2015 Zhilyaev P.S., Goryunova T.I. ndi Volodin K.I., akatswiri aukadaulo a Penza State Technological University, adauza [57] m'nkhani yawo yokhudza cybersecurity m'gawo lachipatala kuti EMIAS imaphatikizapo: 1) IMEC (khadi lamagetsi lachipatala lophatikizidwa); 2) kaundula wa odwala mumzinda wonse; 3) kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka odwala; 4) Integrated zachipatala zokhudza dongosolo; 5) dongosolo consolidated kasamalidwe mlandu; 6) dongosolo la munthu payekha mlandu wa chithandizo chamankhwala; 7) dongosolo la kasamalidwe kachipatala. Ponena za CPMM, malinga ndi lipoti [39] la wailesi ya Ekho Moskvy (February 10, 2017), subsystem iyi imamangidwa potengera njira zabwino kwambiri za OpenEHR, zomwe ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe mayiko otukuka mwaukadaulo akusunthira pang'onopang'ono. .
• Akonzi a magazini ya Computerworld Russia anafotokozanso [41] kuti kuwonjezera pa kuphatikiza mautumiki onsewa wina ndi mzake komanso ndi MIS ya mabungwe azachipatala, UMIAS ikuphatikizidwanso ndi mapulogalamu a gawo la federal "EGIS-Zdrav" (EGIS ndi dongosolo logwirizana la zidziwitso za boma) ndi machitidwe a maboma apakompyuta, kuphatikiza ma portal a ntchito zaboma. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, pa July 25, 2016, akonzi a magazini ya Profile adalongosola [43] kuti UMIAS panopa ikuphatikiza mautumiki angapo: malo osungiramo zinthu, kaundula wamagetsi, EHR, mankhwala apakompyuta, ziphaso za odwala, ntchito za labotale ndi umunthu. kuwerengera ndalama.
• Pa Epulo 7, 2016, akonzi a magazini "Director of the Information Service" adanenanso [59] kuti EMIAS idabwera ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala. M'ma pharmacies onse aku Moscow omwe amagulitsa mankhwala pazamankhwala omwe amakonda, "dongosolo lodziyimira pawokha loyang'anira kuperekera mankhwala kwa anthu" lakhazikitsidwa - M-Pharmacy.
• Pa Januware 19, 2017, gwero lomwelo linanena [58] kuti kuyambira 2015, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yolumikizana yolumikizana ndi ma radiological information service (ERIS) yophatikizidwa ndi UMIAS yayamba ku Moscow. Kwa madokotala omwe amapereka maulendo kwa odwala kuti adziwe matenda, ma chart othamanga apangidwa kuti aphunzire za X-ray, ultrasound, CT ndi MRI, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi EMIAS. Pamene polojekiti ikukulirakulira, ikukonzekera kugwirizanitsa zipatala ndi zipangizo zawo zambiri ku utumiki. Zipatala zambiri zili ndi HIS yawo, komanso ziyenera kuphatikizidwa. Olemba a Profile amanenanso kuti, powona zochitika zabwino za likulu, madera amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa UMIAS.

Kodi mungafotokoze zambiri zaukadaulo wamakina azachipatala apanyumba?

• Zambiri za ndimeyi zatengedwa ku ndemanga yowunikira [49] "Informatics of Siberia". Pafupifupi 70% ya machitidwe azidziwitso azachipatala amamangidwa pazachiyanjano. Mu 1999, 47% ya zidziwitso zachipatala zidagwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zapanyumba (zakompyuta), ndi matebulo a dBase nthawi zambiri. Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko cha mapulogalamu a mankhwala ndi kupanga mankhwala apadera kwambiri.
• Chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha machitidwe apakhomo otengera makompyuta akuchepa. Mu 2003, chiwerengerochi chinali 4%. Mpaka pano, pafupifupi palibe wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matebulo a dBase. Zida zina zamapulogalamu zimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe awo ankhokwe; Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku ofotokozera a pharmacological. Pakalipano, msika wapakhomo uli ndi chidziwitso chachipatala chomwe chinamangidwa ngakhale pa DBMS yake ya "client-server" yomangamanga: e-Hospital. N'zovuta kulingalira zifukwa zenizeni za zisankho zoterozo.
• Popanga zidziwitso zachipatala zapakhomo, ma DBMS otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka: Microsoft SQL Server (52.18%), Cache (17.4%), Oracle (13%), Borland Interbase Server (13%), Lotus Notes/Domino (13%). . Poyerekeza: ngati tisanthula mapulogalamu onse azachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira kasitomala, ndiye kuti gawo la Microsoft SQL Server DBMS lidzakhala 64%. Madivelopa ambiri (17.4%) amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma DBMS angapo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ophatikiza Microsoft SQL Server ndi Oracle. Machitidwe awiri (IS Kondopoga [44] ndi Paracelsus-A [45]) amagwiritsa ntchito ma DBMS angapo nthawi imodzi. Ma DBMS onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri yosiyana: ubale ndi postrelational (zolunjika pa chinthu). Mpaka pano, 70% ya machitidwe azachipatala apakhomo amamangidwa pa DBMS yaubale, ndi 30% - pa postrelational.
• Zida zosiyanasiyana zamapulogalamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zidziwitso zachipatala. Mwachitsanzo, DOKA+ [47] yalembedwa mu PHP ndi JavaScript. "E-Hospital" [48] idapangidwa mu Microsoft Visual C++ chilengedwe. Chisangalalochi chili mu Microsoft Visual.NET chilengedwe. Infomed [46], ikuyenda pansi pa Windows (98/Me/NT/2000/XP), ili ndi zomanga ziwiri za kasitomala-server; gawo la kasitomala limakhazikitsidwa muchilankhulo cha pulogalamu ya Delphi; gawo la seva likuyang'aniridwa ndi Oracle DBMS.
• Pafupifupi 40% ya opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomangidwa mu DBMS. 42% amagwiritsa ntchito zochitika zawo ngati mkonzi wa lipoti; 23% - zida zomangidwa mu DBMS. Kuti musinthe makonzedwe ndi kuyesa kachidindo ka pulogalamu, 50% ya opanga amagwiritsa ntchito Visual Source Safe. Monga mapulogalamu opangira zolemba, 85% ya opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu za Microsoft - Word text editor kapena, mwachitsanzo, omwe amapanga e-Hospital, Microsoft Help Workshop.
• Mu 2015 Ageenko T.Yu. ndi Andrianov A.V., akatswiri aukadaulo a Moscow Institute of Technology, adasindikiza nkhani [55], pomwe adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zaukadaulo wachipatala chodziwikiratu (HAIS), kuphatikiza mawonekedwe apakompyuta achipatala ndi kukanikiza. zovuta zowonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha cybersecurity. GAIS ndi netiweki yotetezeka yomwe EMIAS imagwirira ntchito, yomwe imalonjeza kwambiri ma MIS aku Russia.
• Informatics of Siberia imati [53] kuti malo awiri ovomerezeka ofufuza omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha MIS ndi Institute of Program Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (yomwe ili mumzinda wakale wa Pereslavl-Zalessky) komanso bungwe lopanda phindu. Fund for Development and Provision of Specialized Medical Care 168" (yomwe ili ku Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk). The Informatics of Siberia palokha, amene angathenso m'gulu la mndandanda, lili mu mzinda wa Omsk.

Kodi zinthu zili bwanji ndi cybersecurity yanyumba ya EMIAS?

• Pa February 10, 2017, Vladimir Makarov, woyang'anira polojekiti ya EMIAS, poyankhulana ndi wailesi ya Ekho Moskvy adagawana malingaliro ake [39] kuti kulibe chitetezo chamtheradi: "Nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chotaya deta. Muyenera kuzolowera kuti zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono ndikuti zonse za inu zitha kudziwika. Amatsegulanso mabokosi a imelo a anthu oyamba m’maiko.” Pachifukwa ichi, tingatchule zomwe zachitika posachedwa pomwe maimelo a mamembala pafupifupi 90 a Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku UK adasokonezedwa.
• Pa May 12, 2015, Dipatimenti ya Information Technology ku Moscow inalankhula [40] za mfundo zinayi zazikulu za ISIS (Integrated Information Security System) kwa EMIAS: 1) chitetezo chakuthupi - deta imasungidwa pa maseva amakono omwe ali m'zipinda zapansi, kupeza kumene kumayendetsedwa mokhazikika; 2) chitetezo cha mapulogalamu - deta imafalitsidwa mu mawonekedwe obisika panjira zolumikizirana zotetezeka; kuonjezera apo, chidziwitso chingapezeke pa wodwala mmodzi panthawi imodzi; 3) mwayi wololedwa ku deta - dokotala amadziwika ndi khadi lanzeru; kwa wodwalayo, chizindikiritso cha zinthu ziwiri chimaperekedwa molingana ndi ndondomeko ya MHI ndi tsiku lobadwa.
• 4) Zambiri zachipatala ndi zaumwini zimasungidwa padera, muzosungirako ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso chitetezo chawo; Ma seva a EMIAS amadziunjikira zambiri zachipatala m'njira yosadziwika: kupita kwa dokotala, kusankhidwa, ziphaso zolemala, kutumiza, zolemba ndi zina; ndi deta yaumwini - nambala ya ndondomeko ya MHI, dzina lomaliza, dzina loyamba, patronymic, jenda ndi tsiku lobadwa - zili m'ndandanda wa Moscow City Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund; deta ku Nawonso achichepere awiriwa chikugwirizana zowoneka kokha pa polojekiti dokotala, pambuyo chizindikiritso chake.
• Komabe, ngakhale zikuwonekeratu kuti chitetezo cha EMIAS sichingachitike, matekinoloje amakono a cyberattack, tsatanetsatane wake ali pagulu, amapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwononga chitetezo chotere. Mwachitsanzo, onani kufotokozera za kuukira kwa msakatuli watsopano wa Microsoft Edge - pakalibe zolakwika zamapulogalamu komanso ndi chitetezo chonse chomwe chilipo. [62] Kuonjezera apo, kusakhalapo kwa zolakwika mu code code kale ndi utopia palokha. Zambiri za izi mu chiwonetsero cha "Zinsinsi Zonyansa za cyberdefenders". [63]
• Pa June 27, 2017, chipatala cha Invitro chinayimitsa kusonkhanitsa kwa biomaterial ndi kutulutsa zotsatira za mayeso ku Russia, Belarus ndi Kazakhstan chifukwa cha kuukira kwakukulu kwa cyber. [64]
• Pa Meyi 12, 2017, Kaspersky Lab adalemba [60] 45 kuukira kopambana kwa cyber ndi kachilombo ka WannaCry ransomware m'maiko 74 padziko lonse lapansi; Komanso, zambiri mwa ziwonetserozi zinachitika m'dera la Russia. Patatha masiku atatu (May 15, 2017), kampani yolimbana ndi kachilombo ka Avast inalemba kale [61] kale 200 za cyber zowononga kachilombo ka WannaCry ransomware ndipo inanena kuti oposa theka la ziwopsezozi zidachitika ku Russia. Bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la BBC (May 13, 2017) linanena kuti ku Russia, pakati pa ena, Unduna wa Zaumoyo, Unduna wa Zamkati, Banki Yaikulu ndi Komiti Yofufuza adakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka. [61]
• Komabe, malo osindikizira a madipatimenti awa ndi ena aku Russia amavomereza kuti kuukira kwa kachilombo ka WannaCry, ngakhale kunachitika, sikunapambane. Zofalitsa zambiri za chinenero cha Chirasha zokhudza zochitika zoipa za WannaCry, ponena za bungwe lina la ku Russia, mofulumira zimawonjezera mawu monga akuti: “Koma malinga ndi zimene boma likunena, palibe chiwonongeko chimene chinawonongeka.” Kumbali ina, atolankhani aku Western akutsimikiza kuti zotsatira za kuukira kwa cyber kwa kachilombo ka WannaCry ndizowoneka bwino kuposa momwe zimafotokozedwera mu chilankhulo cha Chirasha. Atolankhani aku Western ali otsimikiza za izi mpaka adachotsa dziko la Russia kuti lichite nawo izi. Yemwe mungadalire kwambiri - zofalitsa zaku Western kapena zapakhomo - ndi nkhani yaumwini kwa aliyense. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti mbali zonse ziwiri zili ndi zolinga zawozake zokokomeza ndi kuchepetsa mfundo zodalirika.

Kodi ma cybersecurity ali bwanji pamakina azachipatala - pamawerengero?

• Pa June 1, 2017, Rebecca Weintrab (dotolo wamkulu wa Brigham ndi Women's Hospital ndi Ph.D.) ndi Joram Borenstein (cybersecurity engineer) m'nkhani yawo yogwirizana yomwe inasindikizidwa pamasamba a Harvard Business Review adanena [18] kuti digito zaka zakhala zosavuta kwambiri kusonkhanitsa deta zachipatala ndi kusinthana kwa zolemba zachipatala pakati pa zipatala zosiyanasiyana: lero, zolemba zachipatala za odwala zakhala zikuyenda komanso kunyamula. Komabe, zabwino za digito zotere zimabwera pamtengo kuzipatala zomwe zili ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu zachitetezo cha cyber.
• Pa Marichi 3, 2017, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la SmartBrief linanena [24] kuti m'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya 2017, panali pafupifupi 250 zochitika zachitetezo cha pa intaneti zomwe zidapangitsa kubedwa kwa zolemba zodziwika bwino zopitilira miliyoni. 50% mwazochitika izi zinali m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati (osaphatikiza gawo lazaumoyo). Pafupifupi 30% - idagwa pazaumoyo. Patapita nthawi, pa Marichi 16, bungwe lomwelo linanena kuti mtsogoleri wa zochitika za cybersecurity pa nthawi ya 22 yamakono ndi zachipatala.
• Pa Januware 17, 2013, a Michael Greg, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa kampani yowona zachitetezo cha cybersecurity Smart Solutions, adanenanso [21] kuti mu 2012, 94% ya zipatala adazunzidwa mwachinsinsi. Izi ndi 65% kuposa mu 2010-2011. Choipa kwambiri, 45% ya zipatala zachipatala zinanena kuti pakapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwachinsinsi kukukula kwambiri; ndipo adavomereza kuti anali ndi zochulukira zopitilira zisanu munthawi ya 2012-2013. Ndipo ochepera theka la zipatala ali otsimikiza kuti kutayikira koteroko kungapewedwe, kapena mwina mutha kupeza kuti zachitika.
• Michael Greg adanenanso [21] kuti mu nthawi ya 2010-2012, m'zaka zitatu zokha, odwala opitilira 20 miliyoni adabedwa ndi EHRs yomwe ili ndi zinsinsi zachinsinsi: matenda, njira zamankhwala, zambiri zolipira, zambiri za inshuwaransi, chikhalidwe cha anthu. nambala ya inshuwaransi ndi zina zambiri. Wochita zachigawenga wapaintaneti yemwe adaba EHR atha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe adazipeza m'njira zosiyanasiyana (onani ndime yakuti "Kodi kuba manambala a chitetezo cha anthu kumakhudzana bwanji ndi makampani achinyengo?"). Komabe, ngakhale zonsezi, chitetezo cha EMRs m'zipatala nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofooka kwambiri kuposa chitetezo cha imelo.
• Pa Seputembara 2, 2014, Mike Orkut, katswiri waukadaulo ku MIT, adati [10] kuti zochitika za matenda a ransomware zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse. Mu 2014, panali zochitika za 600% kuposa 2013. Komanso, American FBI inanena [26] kuti mu 2016 panali milandu yoposa 4000 ya kulanda digito tsiku lililonse - kanayi kuposa 2015. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sizomwe zimangowonjezera zochitika za matenda a ransomware zomwe zimakhala zoopsa; Kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zigawenga zomwe akuzifuna kumakhalanso kowopsa. Zolinga zofala kwambiri za kuukira koteroko ndi mabungwe azachuma, ogulitsa ndi zipatala.
• Pa Meyi 19, 2017, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la BBC [23] lipoti la Verizon la 2017, malinga ndi zomwe 72% ya zochitika za ransomware zidachitika m'chipatala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'miyezi 12 yapitayi, chiwerengero cha zochitika zoterezi chawonjezeka ndi 50%.
• Pa June 1, 2017, Harvard Busines Review inafalitsa [18] lipoti loperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku United States ya Health and Human Services kuti oposa 2015 miliyoni EHR anabedwa mu 113. Mu 2016 - oposa 16 miliyoni. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale kuti, poyerekeza ndi 2016, pali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha zochitika, zochitika zonse zikukulabe. Kumayambiriro kwa 2017, thanki yoganiza Expirian idati [27] chisamaliro chaumoyo ndicho chandamale chofunidwa kwambiri ndi zigawenga zapaintaneti.
• Kutayikira kwa data ya odwala m'machitidwe azachipatala pang'onopang'ono kukukhala [37] limodzi mwamavuto ovuta kwambiri azachipatala. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi InfoWatch, pazaka ziwiri zapitazi (2005-2006), bungwe lililonse lachipatala lachiwiri lidatulutsa zambiri za odwala. Nthawi yomweyo, 60% ya kutulutsa kwa data kumachitika osati kudzera munjira zolumikizirana, koma kudzera mwa anthu enieni omwe amatenga zinsinsi kunja kwa bungwe. 40% yokha yazidziwitso kutayikira kumachitika pazifukwa zaukadaulo. Ulalo wofooka kwambiri [36] mu cybersecurity ya zidziwitso zachipatala ndi anthu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kuti mupange machitidwe otetezera, ndipo wogwira ntchito yotsika mtengo adzagulitsa chidziwitso pa chikwi chimodzi cha mtengowo.

Kodi ma virus apakompyuta angawononge zida zamankhwala?

• Pa Okutobala 17, 2012, David Talbot, katswiri waukadaulo wa MIT, adanenanso [1] kuti zida zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa zipatala zikukhala zamakompyuta, "zanzeru" komanso zosinthika pakukonzanso; komanso ali ndi ntchito yowonjezereka yothandizira maukonde. Zotsatira zake, zida zachipatala zikuyamba kugwidwa ndi ma cyberattack ndi ma virus. Vutoli likukulirakulira chifukwa chakuti opanga nthawi zambiri salola kusinthidwa kwa zida zawo, ngakhale kuzipangitsa kukhala zotetezeka pa intaneti.
• Mwachitsanzo, mu 2009, Conficker network worm idalowa mu Beth Israel Medical Center ndikuyika zida zina zachipatala kumeneko, kuphatikiza malo ogwirira ntchito obereketsa (kuchokera ku Philips) ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a fluoroscopy (kuchokera ku General Electric). Pofuna kupewa zochitika ngati izi kuti zisadzachitike m'tsogolomu, John Halmac, mkulu wa IT wa chipatala ichi - komanso pulofesa wa nthawi yochepa ku Harvard Medical School ndi doctorate - adaganiza zolepheretsa ntchito yothandizira maukonde pazida izi. Komabe, adayang'anizana ndi kuti zida "sizingathe kukwezedwa chifukwa choletsa malamulo." Zinamutengera khama lalikulu kuti agwirizane ndi opanga kuti aletse luso la maukonde. Komabe, kuchotsa maukonde sikoyenera. Makamaka pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa mgwirizano ndi kudalirana kwa zida zachipatala. [1]
• Izi ndizokhudza zida "zanzeru" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala. Koma palinso zida zamankhwala zovala, kuphatikiza mapampu a insulin ndi ma pacemaker oyikidwa. Iwo akuchulukirachulukira ku ma cyberattack ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus apakompyuta. [1] Monga cholembera cham'mbali, pa Meyi 12, 2017 (tsiku lachipambano cha kachilombo ka WannaCry ransomware), m'modzi mwa ochita opaleshoni yamtima adanenanso [28] kuti mkati mwa opaleshoni ya mtima wake, makompyuta angapo adagwa, koma Mwamwayi. , adakwanitsabe kumaliza ntchitoyo.

Kodi ma virus a ransomware ndi owopsa bwanji azachipatala?

• Pa October 3, 2016, Mohammed Ali, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa kampani ya cybersecurity Carbonite, adalongosola [19] mu Harvard Business Review kuti ransomware ndi mtundu wa kachilombo ka kompyuta kamene kamalepheretsa wogwiritsa ntchito kupeza machitidwe awo; mpaka dipo litaperekedwa. Kachilombo ka chiwombolo kamene kamabisala hard drive - kupangitsa wogwiritsa ntchito kulephera kudziwa zambiri pakompyuta yawo - komanso popereka kiyi ya decryption, kachilombo ka ransomware amafuna dipo. Pofuna kupewa kukumana ndi apolisi, oukira amagwiritsa ntchito njira zolipirira zosadziwika, monga bitcoin. [19]
• Muhammad Ali adanenanso [19] kuti ogawa ma ransomware apeza kuti mtengo wowombola wabwino kwambiri poukira nzika wamba ndi eni mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amachokera ku $ 300 mpaka $ 500. Izi ndi ndalama zomwe ambiri ali okonzeka kusiya - akukumana ndi chiyembekezo chotaya ndalama zonse zomwe amasunga pa digito. [19]
• Pa February 16, 2016, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la Guardian linanena [13] kuti chifukwa cha matenda a ransomware, ogwira ntchito zachipatala ku Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center analephera kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta awo. Zotsatira zake, madokotala anakakamizika kutumiza fax, anamwino kulemba zolemba zachipatala pa mapepala akale a zamankhwala, ndi odwala kupita kuchipatala kuti akatenge zotsatira zoyezetsa.
• Pa February 17, 2016, bungwe loona zachipatala la ku Hollywood la Presbyterian Medical Center linapereka chikalata [30] chonena kuti: “Madzulo a February 5, antchito athu anataya mwayi wopita kuchipatala. Pulogalamu yaumbanda yatseka makompyuta athu ndikubisa mafayilo athu onse. Mabungwe azamalamulo adadziwitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Akatswiri a cybersecurity adathandizira kubwezeretsa mwayi wamakompyuta athu. Dipo lopemphedwa linali ma bitcoins 40 ($17000). Njira yofulumira komanso yothandiza kwambiri yobwezeretsa machitidwe athu ndi ntchito zoyang'anira inali kulipira dipo, ndi zina zotero. pezani kiyi ya decryption. Kuti tibwezeretse thanzi la zipatala, tinakakamizika kuchita izi. "
• Pa May 12, 2017, nyuzipepala ya New York Times inanena [28] kuti chifukwa cha chochitika cha WannaCry, zipatala zina zidalumala moti ngakhale ma tag a mayina a ana obadwa kumene sakanatha kusindikizidwa. M'zipatala, odwala adauzidwa kuti, "Sitingathe kukutumikirani chifukwa makompyuta athu sali bwino." Ndizosazolowereka kumva m'mizinda yayikulu ngati London.

Ngati zochitika za cyber ndizowopsa, chifukwa chiyani opanga zida zamankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo pakompyuta?

• Pa Julayi 9, 2008, Cristina Grifantini, katswiri waukadaulo wa MIT, adalemba m'nkhani yake "Medical Centers: The Age of Plug and Play" [2]: Mitundu yowopsa ya zida zatsopano zachipatala "zanzeru" m'zipatala zimalonjeza chisamaliro chabwino cha odwala. Komabe, vuto ndiloti zipangizozi nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana, ngakhale zitapangidwa ndi wopanga yemweyo. Chifukwa chake, madokotala akukumana ndi kufunikira kofulumira kuphatikiza zida zonse zachipatala pakompyuta imodzi yokha.
• Pa Julayi 9, 2009, Douglas Rosendale, Katswiri wa IT ku Veterans Health Administration komanso pulofesa wanthawi yochepa pasukulu yachipatala ya Harvard yemwe ali ndi Ph.D., adati [2] kufunikira kwachangu kuphatikiza zida zamankhwala pakompyuta m'mawu awa: ndi zomangamanga zotsekedwa, kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana - koma vuto ndiloti sangathe kuyanjana wina ndi mzake. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusamalira odwala. ”
• Pamene zipangizo zamankhwala zimapanga miyeso yodziyimira pawokha ndipo sizisinthana wina ndi mzake, sizingathe kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili mwatsatanetsatane, motero amawomba alamu pakupatuka pang'ono kuchokera kuchizolowezi, popanda chifukwa kapena popanda chifukwa. Izi zimabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa anamwino, makamaka m'chipinda cha odwala kwambiri, pomwe pali zida zambiri zodziyimira pawokha. Popanda kuphatikizika ndi kuthandizidwa kwa maukonde, malo osamalira odwala kwambiri adzakhala misala. Kuphatikizika ndi kuthandizira kwa maukonde am'deralo kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwirizanitsa ntchito za zipangizo zamankhwala ndi machitidwe a chidziwitso chachipatala (makamaka kugwirizana kwa zipangizozi ndi EHR ya odwala), zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha ma alarm abodza. [2]
• Zipatala zili ndi zida zambiri zodula zomwe sizigwirizana ndi maukonde. Pofunika kuphatikizika mwachangu, zipatala zimasintha pang'onopang'ono zida izi ndi zatsopano, kapena kuzisintha kuti ziphatikizidwe mumaneti onse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale ndi zipangizo zatsopano, zomwe zinapangidwa poganizira kuthekera kwa kuphatikiza, vutoli silinathetsedwe kwathunthu. Chifukwa aliyense wopanga zida zamankhwala, motsogozedwa ndi mpikisano wamuyaya, amayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti zida zake zitha kuphatikizana. Komabe, madipatimenti ambiri azadzidzidzi amafunikira zida zapadera zomwe palibe wopanga yekha angapereke. Choncho, kusankha wopanga mmodzi sikungathetse vuto logwirizana. Ili ndi vuto lina lomwe likuyimira njira yophatikizira zovuta. Ndipo zipatala zikuika ndalama zambiri kuti zithetse vutoli. Chifukwa chakuti zida zomwe sizimayenderana mwanjira ina zidzasandutsa chipatala, ndi machenjezo ake abodza, kukhala malo amisala. [2]
• Pa June 13, 2017, Peter Pronowost, dokotala wa udokotala komanso wotsogolera chitetezo cha odwala ku Johns Hopkins Medicine, adagawana [17] mu Harvard Business Review malingaliro ake pakufunika kogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pazida zamankhwala: "Tengani, mwachitsanzo, Breathe. - makina othandizira. The mulingo woyenera kwambiri akafuna mpweya mpweya wa wodwalayo m`mapapo mwachindunji zimadalira kutalika kwa wodwalayo. Kutalika kwa wodwalayo kumasungidwa mu EHR. Monga lamulo, zida zopumira sizilumikizana ndi EHR, kotero madokotala amayenera kupeza izi pamanja, kuwerengera papepala, ndikuyika pamanja magawo a zida zopumira. Ngati zida zopumira ndi EHR zidalumikizidwa kudzera pa netiweki yapakompyuta, ndiye kuti opaleshoniyi imatha kukhala yokha. Njira yofananayi yokonza zida zamankhwala ilipo pakati pa zida zina zambiri zachipatala. Choncho, madokotala ayenera kuchita maopaleshoni mazana ambiri tsiku ndi tsiku; zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zolakwika - ngakhale kuti ndizosowa, koma zosapeŵeka.
• Mabedi atsopano apachipatala apakompyuta ali ndi seti ya masensa apamwamba kwambiri omwe amatha kuyang'anitsitsa magawo osiyanasiyana a wodwala atagona. Mwachitsanzo, mabedi awa, potsata kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka wodwalayo pabedi, amatha kudziwa ngati ali pachiopsezo chotenga zilonda zopanikizika. Masensa apamwambawa amaphimba 30% ya mtengo wa bedi lonse. Komabe, popanda kugwirizanitsa makompyuta, "bedi lanzeru" ili ndi ntchito yochepa - pambuyo pake, silingathe kupeza chinenero chodziwika ndi zipangizo zina zamankhwala. Zofananazi zimawonedwa ndi "owunika opanda zingwe" omwe amayesa kugunda kwa mtima, MPC, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zina zambiri. Popanda kuphatikiza zida zonsezi mu netiweki imodzi yamakompyuta, ndipo, koposa zonse, kuwonetsetsa kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi EHR ya odwala, sikuthandiza kwenikweni. [17]

Chifukwa chiyani zigawenga za pa intaneti zidasintha kuchoka pazachuma ndi masitolo ogulitsa kupita kuzipatala?

• Pa February 16, 2016, Julia Cherry, Mtolankhani Wapadera wa nyuzipepala ya The Guardian, adanena zomwe ananena kuti zipatala zimakopa kwambiri anthu ophwanya malamulo pa intaneti chifukwa machitidwe awo azidziwitso - chifukwa cha chilimbikitso chapadziko lonse cha zipatala kuti azisunga mbiri yaumoyo - ali ndi zambiri. Kuphatikizapo manambala a kirediti kadi, zambiri zokhudza odwala komanso zachipatala. [13]
• Pa Epulo 23, 2014, Jim Finkle, wofufuza za cybersecurity ku bungwe lazofalitsa nkhani la Reuters, adalongosola [12] kuti zigawenga zapaintaneti zimakonda kutenga njira yochepetsera kukana. Machitidwe a cybersecurity a zipatala ndi ofooka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi magawo ena omwe azindikira kale vutoli ndipo achitapo kanthu moyenera. Chifukwa chake, zigawenga zapaintaneti zimakopeka nazo.
• Pa February 18, 2016, Mike Orkut, katswiri wa zaumisiri wa MIT, adanena kuti chidwi cha anthu ochita zachiwerewere pachipatala ndi chifukwa cha zifukwa zisanu izi: 1) Malo ambiri azachipatala atumiza kale zikalata zawo zonse ndi makadi ku mawonekedwe a digito; ena onse ali m'kati mwa kusamutsa koteroko. Tsatanetsatane wa makadiwa ali ndi zambiri zaumwini zomwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri pamsika wakuda wakuda. 2) Chitetezo cha cyber m'malo azachipatala sichinthu chofunikira; nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe akale ndipo sawathandiza moyenera. 3) Kufunika kofulumira kwa deta muzochitika zadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri kumaposa kufunikira kwa chitetezo, zomwe zimapangitsa zipatala kunyalanyaza chitetezo cha pa intaneti ngakhale akudziwa zotsatira zake. 4) Zipatala zikuwonjezera zida zambiri pamaneti awo, kupatsa anthu oyipa njira zambiri kuti alowetse maukonde achipatala. 5) Kachitidwe kamankhwala opangidwa ndi anthu ambiri - makamaka kufunikira kwa odwala kuti azitha kupeza ma EHR awo - kumapangitsa MIS kukhala chandamale chofikirika kwambiri. [14]
• Magawo ogulitsa ndi azachuma akhala akukonda kwambiri zigawenga za pa intaneti. Pamene chidziwitso chobedwa m'mabungwewa chikusefukira msika wakuda wakuda, zimakhala zotsika mtengo ndipo, motero, sizopindulitsa kuti anthu oipa azibera ndikugulitsa. Chifukwa chake, anyamata oyipa tsopano akupanga gawo latsopano, lopindulitsa kwambiri. [12]
• Pa msika wakuda wakuda, makhadi azachipatala ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa manambala a kirediti kadi. Choyamba, chifukwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza maakaunti aku banki ndikupeza zolemba za mankhwala olamulidwa. Kachiwiri, chifukwa chakuti kuba kwa khadi lachipatala ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kosaloledwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira, ndipo nthawi yochuluka imadutsa kuchokera pamene akuchitidwa nkhanza mpaka nthawi yodziwika kusiyana ndi nkhanza za kirediti kadi. [12]
• Malinga ndi a Dell, ena ochita zigawenga apakompyuta akuphatikiza zidziwitso zazaumoyo zomwe zatengedwa muzolemba zabodza zomwe zabedwa ndi zidziwitso zina zachinsinsi, ndi zina zotero. sonkhanitsani phukusi la zikalata zabodza. Phukusi loterolo limatchedwa "fullz" ndi "kitz" mu Darknet black market jargon. Mtengo wa phukusi lililonse umaposa $1000. [12]
• Pa Epulo 1, 2016, Tom Simont, katswiri waukadaulo ku MIT, adati [4] kuti kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa ziwopsezo za cyber m'chipatala ndizovuta za zotsatira zomwe amalonjeza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutaya mwayi wopeza imelo yantchito yanu, mwachibadwa mudzakhumudwa; komabe, kutaya mwayi wopeza zolemba zachipatala zomwe zili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kuchiza odwala ndi nkhani ina kotheratu.
• Chifukwa chake, kwa ophwanya malamulo a pa intaneti - omwe amamvetsetsa kuti chidziwitsochi ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa madokotala - gawo lachipatala ndi chandamale chokongola kwambiri. Zokongola kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zonse amaika ndalama zambiri popanga ransomware yawo kukhala yabwinoko; kuti akhalebe gawo limodzi patsogolo pakulimbana kwawo kosatha ndi machitidwe odana ndi kachilomboka. Ndalama zochititsa chidwi zomwe amapeza kudzera mu ransomware zimawapatsa mwayi wokhala owolowa manja ndi ndalama zotere, ndipo ndalamazi zimalipidwa kuposa kulipira. [4]

Chifukwa chiyani matenda a ransomware achulukirachulukira ndikupitilirabe muzachipatala?

• Pa June 1, 2017, Rebecca Weintrab (dotolo wamkulu pa Brigham ndi Women's Hospital ndi PhD) ndi Joram Borenstein (cybersecurity engineer) adasindikiza [18] mu Harvard Business Review zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo wogwirizana pa cybersecurity m'chipatala. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kafukufuku wawo zaperekedwa pansipa.
• Palibe bungwe lomwe silingathe kubera. Izi ndi zenizeni zomwe tikukhalamo, ndipo izi zidadziwika bwino pamene kachilombo ka WannaCry ransomware kanaphulika pakati pa mwezi wa May 2017, kupatsira zipatala ndi mabungwe ena padziko lonse lapansi. [18]
• Mu 2016, olamulira a Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, chipatala chachikulu cha odwala kunja, mwadzidzidzi adapeza kuti ataya mwayi wodziwa zambiri pamakompyuta awo. Madokotala sanathe kupeza EHRs odwala awo; ngakhalenso ku malipoti awo. Zonse zomwe zili pamakompyuta awo zidasungidwa ndi kachilombo ka ransomware. Ngakhale kuti chidziwitso chonse cha polyclinic chidagwidwa ndi olowa, madokotala adakakamizika kutumiza makasitomala ku zipatala zina. Kwa milungu iwiri adalemba zonse pamapepala, mpaka adaganiza zolipira dipo lomwe adawafunsa - $ 17000 (40 bitcoins). Sizinali zotheka kufufuza malipirowo chifukwa dipo linaperekedwa kudzera mu njira yolipira ya Bitcoin yosadziwika. Akadakhala kuti akatswiri a chitetezo cha pa intaneti adamva zaka zingapo zapitazo kuti ochita zisankho angadabwitsidwe ndikusintha ndalama kukhala cryptocurrency kuti apereke dipo kwa wopanga kachilomboka, sakadakhulupirira. Komabe, n’zimene zacitikadi masiku ano. Anthu wamba, eni mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, ndi mabungwe akulu onse amangoyang'aniridwa ndi ransomware. [19]
• Pankhani ya uinjiniya wamakhalidwe, maimelo achinyengo omwe ali ndi maulalo oyipa ndi zomata samatumizidwanso m'malo mwa achibale akunja omwe akufuna kukupatsirani chuma chawo kuti mudziwe zachinsinsi. Masiku ano, maimelo achinyengo ndi mauthenga okonzekera bwino, opanda typos; nthawi zambiri amabisala ngati zikalata zovomerezeka zokhala ndi ma logo ndi siginecha. Zina mwa izo sizimasiyanitsidwa ndi makalata wamba abizinesi kapena zidziwitso zovomerezeka zosinthidwa. Nthawi zina omwe amapanga zisankho zolembera anthu amalandila makalata kuchokera kwa munthu amene akulonjeza kuti adzayambiranso ndi kalatayo, momwe kachilombo ka ransomware imayikidwa. [19]
• Komabe, uinjiniya wapamwamba kwambiri siwoyipa kwambiri. Choyipa kwambiri ndi chakuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa kachilombo ka ransomware kumatha kuchitika popanda kutengapo gawo mwachindunji kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Ma virus a ransomware amatha kufalikira kudzera m'mabowo achitetezo; kapena kudzera mu mapulogalamu akale osatetezedwa. Pafupifupi sabata iliyonse mtundu watsopano wa ransomware umapezeka; ndipo kuchuluka kwa njira zomwe ma virus a ransomware angalowe m'makompyuta akukulirakulira. [19]
• Kotero, mwachitsanzo, ponena za kachilombo ka WannaCry ransomware ... Poyambirira (May 15, 2017), akatswiri a chitetezo anamaliza [25] kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a dongosolo la thanzi la dziko la UK ndikuti zipatala zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wachikale wa makina opangira Windows - XP (zipatala zimagwiritsa ntchito makinawa chifukwa zida zambiri zachipatala zodula sizigwirizana ndi mitundu yatsopano ya Windows). Komabe, patapita nthawi pang'ono (May 22, 2017) zinapezeka [29] kuti kuyesa kuyendetsa WannaCry pa Windows XP nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kompyuta, popanda matenda; ndipo makina ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilomboka anali akugwira Windows 7. Kuphatikiza apo, poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka WannaCry kamafalikira kudzera mu phishing, koma pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti kachilomboka kamafalikira, ngati nyongolotsi yapaintaneti, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.
• Kuphatikiza apo, pali makina osakira apadera omwe samayang'ana masamba pamaneti, koma zida zakuthupi. Kudzera mwa iwo mukhoza kudziwa kumene malo, kumene chipatala, ndi zipangizo ziti chikugwirizana ndi maukonde. [3]
• Chinanso chofunikira pakufalikira kwa ma virus a ransomware ndi mwayi wopeza Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Kusavuta kutolera ndalama mosadziwikiratu padziko lonse lapansi kukukulitsa kukula kwa umbava wa pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, posamutsa ndalama kwa olanda, mumapangitsa kuti azikulandani mobwerezabwereza. [19]
• Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ophwanya malamulo a pa intaneti aphunzira kugwira ngakhale machitidwe omwe chitetezo chamakono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zosintha zaposachedwa; ndi njira zodziwira ndi kubisa (komwe machitidwe otetezera) samagwira ntchito nthawi zonse; makamaka ngati kuukira kuli kolunjika komanso kwapadera. [19]
• Komabe, pali njira yothanirana ndi ransomware: kuthandizira deta yovuta. Kotero kuti pakagwa vuto, deta ikhoza kubwezeretsedwa mosavuta. [19]

Madokotala, anamwino ndi odwala omwe akhudzidwa ndi WannaCry - zidawathera bwanji?

• Pa Meyi 13, 2017, Sarah Marsh wa The Guardian adafunsa anthu angapo omwe adazunzidwa ndi kachilombo ka WannaCry ransomware kuti amvetsetse momwe izi zidachitikira [5] kwa omwe adazunzidwa (mayina asinthidwa pazifukwa zachinsinsi):
• SERGEY Petrovich, dokotala: Sindinathe kupereka chisamaliro choyenera kwa odwala. Ziribe kanthu momwe atsogoleri amatsimikizira anthu kuti zochitika za cyber sizikhudza chitetezo cha odwala mapeto, izi sizowona. Sitinathe ngakhale kujambula ma X-ray pamene makina athu apakompyuta analephera. Ndipo pafupifupi palibe chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chingachite popanda zithunzi izi. Mwachitsanzo, madzulo oipawa, ndinali kuona wodwala ndipo ndinafunikira kumtumiza kuti akapime X-ray, koma chifukwa chakuti makina athu apakompyuta anali opuwala, sindinathe. [5]
• Vera Mikhailovna, wodwala khansa ya m'mawere: Nditalandira chithandizo chamankhwala, ndinali nditatsala pang’ono kutuluka m’chipatala, koma pa nthawiyi n’kuti pachitika chiwembu cha pa Intaneti. Ndipo ngakhale gawoli linali litamalizidwa kale, ndimayenera kukhala maola angapo m'chipatala - ndikudikirira kuti mankhwala aperekedwe kwa ine. Vutoli linali chifukwa chakuti asanapereke mankhwala, ogwira ntchito zachipatala amawafufuza ngati akutsatira malangizo, ndipo chekechi chimachitika ndi makina apakompyuta. Odwala omwe amanditsatira pamzere anali kale m'chipinda cha mankhwala a chemotherapy; mankhwala awo aperekedwa kale. Koma popeza kunali kosatheka kuyang'ana kutsatiridwa kwawo ndi maphikidwe, ndondomekoyi inaimitsidwa. Chithandizo cha odwala ena onse chinkaimitsidwa tsiku lotsatira. [5]
• Tatyana Ivanovna, namwino: Lolemba, sitinathe kuwona EHR ya wodwalayo komanso mndandanda wa nthawi yoikidwiratu yomwe idakonzedwa lero. Ndinali kuyitanidwa kuti ndikapemphe mafomu kumapeto kwa sabata ino, kotero Lolemba, pamene chipatala chathu chinali chozunzidwa pa intaneti, ndinayenera kukumbukira ndendende amene ayenera kubwera ku msonkhanowo. Njira zodziwitsira zipatala zathu zatsekedwa. Sitinathe kuwona mbiri yachipatala, sitinathe kuwona malangizo amankhwala; sanathe kuwona ma adilesi ndi mauthenga a odwala; kudzaza zikalata; fufuzani zotsatira za mayeso. [5]
• Evgeny Sergeevich, woyang'anira dongosolo: Nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi alendo ambiri Lachisanu masana. Kotero linali Lachisanu ili. M’chipatalamo munali anthu ambiri, ndipo ogwira ntchito m’chipatalamo 5 anali pa ntchito polandira ma foni, ndipo mafoni awo ankangolira mosalekeza. Makina athu onse apakompyuta adagwira ntchito bwino, koma cha m'ma 15 koloko masana, makina onse apakompyuta adachita mdima. Madokotala athu ndi anamwino anataya mwayi wopeza EMRs odwala, ndipo ogwira ntchito omwe anali pa ntchito pa kulandira mafoni sakanatha kulowa zopempha mu kompyuta. [00]

Kodi zigawenga za pa intaneti zingawononge bwanji chipatala cha opaleshoni ya pulasitiki?

• Malinga ndi Guardian [6], pa May 30, 2017, gulu lachigawenga la Tsarskaya Guard linasindikiza zinsinsi za odwala 25 a chipatala cha opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ku Lithuanian Grozio Chirurgija. Kuphatikiza zithunzi zachinsinsi zomwe zidatengedwa musanachite, panthawi komanso pambuyo pake (kusungirako kwawo ndikofunikira poganizira zachipatala); komanso masikeni a mapasipoti ndi manambala a chitetezo cha anthu. Popeza chipatalachi chili ndi mbiri yabwino komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo, okhala m'maiko 60, kuphatikiza otchuka padziko lonse lapansi, amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zake [7]. Onse adakhala ozunzidwa ndi vuto la cyber.
• Miyezi ingapo m'mbuyomo, atabera ma seva a chipatala ndi kuwabera deta, "alonda" adafuna dipo la bitcoins 300 (pafupifupi $ 800). Oyang'anira chipatala anakana kugwirizana ndi "Alonda", ndipo anakhalabe osasunthika ngakhale pamene "Alonda" adachepetsa mtengo wa dipo ku 50 bitcoins (pafupifupi $ 120). [6]
• Atataya chiyembekezo cholandira dipo kuchokera kuchipatala, "alonda" adaganiza zosinthira kwa makasitomala ake. M'mwezi wa Marichi, adasindikiza zithunzi za odwala 150 akuchipatala pa Darknet [8] kuti awopsyeze ena kuti alipire. "Alonda" adapempha dipo kuchokera ku 50 mpaka 2000 euro, ndi malipiro mu bitcoin, malingana ndi kutchuka kwa wozunzidwa ndi chiyanjano cha zomwe abedwa. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha odwala omwe adazunzidwa sichikudziwika, koma angapo omwe adazunzidwa adapita kwa apolisi. Tsopano, patatha miyezi itatu, a Guardsmen atulutsa zinsinsi za makasitomala ena 25. [6]

Wolakwa pa intaneti adaba khadi lachipatala - izi zikuwopseza bwanji mwini wake?

• Pa October 19, 2016, Adam Levine, katswiri wa cybersecurity yemwe amatsogolera malo ofufuza a CyberScout, adanena [9] kuti tikukhala m'nthawi yomwe zolemba zachipatala zayamba kukhala ndi chidziwitso choopsa kwambiri: zokhudzana ndi matenda, matenda, chithandizo. , ndi za matenda. M'manja olakwika, chidziwitsochi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupindula pa msika wakuda wakuda, chifukwa chake anthu ochita zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri amatsata zipatala.
• Pa Seputembara 2, 2014, Mike Orkut, katswiri waukadaulo ku MIT, adati [10]: "Ngakhale kuti manambala abedwa a kirediti kadi komanso manambala achitetezo akuchepa kwambiri pamsika wakuda - makhadi azachipatala, okhala ndi ndalama zambiri. zambiri zaumwini, pamenepo pamtengo wabwino. Chifukwa china n’chakuti amapereka mwayi kwa anthu opanda inshuwaransi kuti akalandire chithandizo chamankhwala chimene akanalephera kuchipeza.”
• Khadi lachipatala labedwa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala m'malo mwa mwini wake woyenerera wa khadilo. Chotsatira chake, deta yachipatala ya mwini wake woyenera ndi deta yachipatala ya wakuba idzasakanizidwa mu khadi lachipatala. Kuonjezera apo, ngati wakubayo akugulitsa makhadi achipatala omwe abedwa kwa anthu ena, ndiye kuti khadilo likhoza kuipitsidwanso. Choncho, pobwera kuchipatala, mwini khadi wovomerezeka amakhala pachiopsezo cholandira chithandizo chamankhwala chotengera mtundu wa magazi a munthu wina, mbiri yachipatala ya munthu wina, mndandanda wa zizindikiro za thupi la munthu wina, ndi zina zotero. [9]
• Kuonjezera apo, wakuba akhoza kuthetsa malire a inshuwalansi a mwiniwake woyenera wa khadi lachipatala, zomwe zidzalepheretsa womalizayo mwayi wolandira chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira pakufunika. Pa nthawi yosayenera. Kupatula apo, mapulani ambiri a inshuwaransi amakhala ndi malire apachaka pamitundu ina ya njira ndi chithandizo. Ndipo palibe kampani ya inshuwaransi yomwe ingakulipireni maopaleshoni awiri a appendicitis. [9]
• Pogwiritsa ntchito khadi lachipatala labedwa, wakuba akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika malangizo amankhwala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulepheretsa mwiniwakeyo mwayi wopeza mankhwala ofunikira pamene akuwafuna. Kupatula apo, malangizo amankhwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa. [9]
• Kuchotsa ma cyberattack ambiri pa kirediti kadi ndi kirediti sizovuta. Kuteteza ku zigawenga zomwe mukufuna kutsata ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe, zikafika pakuba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ma EHR, upanduwo ukhoza kukhala wosawoneka. Ngati chowonadi cha chigawenga chikupezeka, ndiye kuti, monga lamulo, pokhapokha pazochitika zadzidzidzi, pamene zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa kwenikweni. [9]

N’chifukwa chiyani kuba kwa makhadi akuchipatala kwachuluka chonchi?

• Mu Marichi 2017, Center for Identity Theft inanena kuti zoposa 25% za kutayikira kwachinsinsi kumachitika m'zipatala. Kutayikira kumeneku kumawonongetsa zipatala zokwana madola 5,6 biliyoni pachaka. Nazi zifukwa zingapo zomwe kuba mbiri yachipatala ikufunidwa kwambiri. [18]
• Makhadi azachipatala ndiye chinthu chotentha kwambiri pamsika wakuda wakuda. Makhadi achipatala amagulitsidwa kumeneko ndi $50 iliyonse. Poyerekeza, manambala a kirediti kadi amagulitsidwa pa Webusaiti Yamdima pa $1 iliyonse—kutsika mtengo kuwirikiza 50 kuposa makadi azachipatala. Kufunika kwa makhadi azachipatala kumayendetsedwanso ndi mfundo yoti ndi gawo lazantchito zovuta zaumbanda. [18]
• Ngati wogula makhadi azachipatala sanapezeke, wowukirayo atha kugwiritsa ntchito khadi lachipatala yekha ndikubera chikhalidwe: zolemba zamankhwala zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kuti mupeze kirediti kadi, kutsegula akaunti yakubanki kapena kutenga ngongole m'malo mwa ogula. wozunzidwa. [18]
• Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi khadi lachipatala limene labedwa m’manja mwake, munthu wochita zachigawenga wa pa Intaneti akhoza kuchita zinthu zinazake (mophiphiritsa, kunola mikondo yachinyengo), n’kukhala ngati banki. . Osayiwala kulipira mautumiki okhudzana nawo podina ulalowu. Ndiyeno mukuganiza kuti: "Chabwino, popeza akudziwa kuti ndikuchita opareshoni mawa, iyenera kukhala kalata yochokera kubanki." Ngati wowukirayo akulepherabe kuzindikira kuthekera kwa makhadi azachipatala omwe adabedwa, atha kugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka ransomware kuti atenge ndalama kuchokera kuchipatala kuti abwezeretse mwayi wamakina otsekedwa ndi deta. [18]
• Zipatala zachedwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachitetezo cha cybersecurity - zomwe zidapangidwa kale m'mafakitale ena - zomwe ndizodabwitsa, chifukwa ndiudindo wazipatala kuonetsetsa chinsinsi chachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatala zimakonda kukhala ndi bajeti zotsika kwambiri zachitetezo cha pa intaneti komanso akatswiri ochepa odziwa bwino zachitetezo cha pa intaneti kuposa, mwachitsanzo, mabungwe azachuma. [18]
• Machitidwe a IT azachipatala amangiriridwa mwamphamvu ndi ntchito zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, zipatala zimatha kukhala ndi njira zosinthira zosungira pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, ndi makhadi awo olipira kapena maakaunti osungira - omwe amasunga ndalama zisanu ndi chimodzi. [18]
• Mabungwe ambiri amagwirizana ndi zipatala ndikupatsa antchito awo njira yopezera thanzi. Izi zimapatsa wowukira mwayi, kudzera mukubera zipatala, kuti athe kupeza zinsinsi zamakasitomala amakampani akuchipatala. Osanenapo kuti abwana mwiniyo akhoza kuchita ngati woukira - mwakachetechete kugulitsa deta yachipatala ya antchito ake kwa anthu ena. [18]
• Malo azachipatala ali ndi maunyolo ochulukirapo komanso mindandanda yayikulu yaothandizira omwe amalumikizana nawo pa digito. Mwa kusokoneza machitidwe a IT achipatala, wowukirayo akhoza kutenganso machitidwe a opereka chithandizo. Kuphatikiza apo, ogulitsa omwe amalumikizidwa ku chipatala cholumikizirana ndi digito ali mwa iwo okha malo oyesera olowera omwe akuwukira mu machitidwe a IT a chipatala. [18]
• M'madera ena, chitetezo chakhala chapamwamba kwambiri, choncho otsutsa amayenera kudziwa gawo latsopano - kumene zochitika zimachitika kudzera pa hardware yovuta ndi mapulogalamu osatetezeka. [18]

Kodi kuba manambala a chitetezo cha anthu akukhudzana bwanji ndi makampani achinyengo?

• Pa Januware 30, 2015, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la Tom's Guide lidafotokoza [31] momwe chinyengo wamba chimasiyanirana ndi chinyengo chophatikizidwa. Mwachidule chake, kubera kwa zikalata kumaphatikizapo chinyengo kumangoyesa munthu wina pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lake, Social Security Number (SSN), ndi zina zake. Mfundo yofananira yachinyengo imazindikirika mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Ndi njira yophatikizira, anthu oipa amapanga chidziwitso chatsopano. Popanga chikalata, amatenga SSN yeniyeni ndikuwonjezera zidziwitso zaumwini kuchokera kwa anthu angapo. Chilombo ichi cha Frankenstein, chosokedwa pamodzi kuchokera ku zidziwitso za anthu osiyanasiyana, ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira kuposa kupeka kosavuta kwa chikalata. Popeza woberayo amangogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zina za aliyense wa omwe akuzunzidwa, machenjerero ake achinyengo sangalumikizane ndi eni ake azinthu zaumwinizi. Mwachitsanzo, poyang'ana zochitika za SSN yawo, mwiniwake walamulo sadzapeza kalikonse kokayikitsa kumeneko.
• Anthu oipa angagwiritse ntchito chilombo chawo cha Frankenstein kuti apeze ntchito kapena kutenga ngongole [31], komanso kutsegula makampani onama [32]; kugula, kupeza ziphaso zoyendetsa ndi mapasipoti [34]. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale pakutenga ngongole, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti zolemba zabodza zachinyengo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, choncho ngati mabanki ayamba kufufuza, ndiye kuti mwiniwake wa izi kapena chidziwitso chaumwini adzakhala ambiri. mwina adzafunsidwa, osati amene adapanga chilombo cha Frankenstein.
• Amalonda osakhulupirika angagwiritse ntchito zikalata zabodza kuti anyenge obwereketsa - popanga otchedwa. sandwich ya bizinesi. Chofunikira pa sangweji yamabizinesi ndikuti amalonda osakhulupirika amatha kupanga zidziwitso zingapo zabodza ndikuziwonetsa ngati makasitomala abizinesi yawo - potero amapanga mawonekedwe abizinesi yopambana. Chifukwa chake amakhala okopa kwambiri kwa omwe amawabwereketsa ndipo amapeza mwayi wosangalala ndi zobwereketsa zabwino. [33]
• Kuba ndi kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa zidziwitso zaumwini nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosazindikirika ndi eni ake oyenerera kwa nthawi yayitali, koma zingamubweretsere vuto lalikulu panthawi yosayenera. Mwachitsanzo, mwiniwake wa SSN wovomerezeka atha kulembetsa ntchito zothandizira anthu ndikukanidwa chifukwa cha ndalama zochulukirapo zochokera ku sangweji yabizinesi yopeka yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito SSN yawo. [33]
• Kuchokera mu 2007 mpaka lero, bizinesi yachigawenga ya madola mabiliyoni ambiri yolemba zolemba za SSN ikuchulukirachulukira [34]. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, achinyengo amakonda ma SSN omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi eni ake, monga SSN ya ana ndi wakufayo. M’chaka cha 2014, zochitika za pamwezi zinali masauzande ambiri, malinga ndi bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la CBC, pamene mu 2009 panalibe zopitirira 100 pamwezi. The exponential kukula kwa mtundu uwu wachinyengo - ndipo makamaka zotsatira zake pa deta ana - adzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa kwa achinyamata m'tsogolo. [34]
• Ma SSN a Ana ali ndi mwayi woti agwiritsidwe ntchito pachinyengochi kuwirikiza 50 kuposa ma SSN akulu akulu. Chidwichi mu ma SSN a ana ndi chifukwa chakuti ma SSN a ana nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito mpaka osachepera zaka 18. Kuti. ngati makolo a ana ang'onoang'ono sakudziwa bwino za SSN yawo, ndiye kuti mwana wawo akhoza kukanidwa laisensi yoyendetsa galimoto kapena ngongole ya ophunzira m'tsogolomu. Zitha kusokonezanso ntchito ngati zidziwitso zokayikitsa za SSN zitha kupezeka kwa omwe angawagwiritse ntchito. [34]

Masiku ano pali nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi chiyembekezo ndi chitetezo cha machitidwe anzeru ochita kupanga. Kodi izi zikuyenda bwanji muzachipatala?

• M'nkhani ya June 2017 ya MIT Technology Review, mkonzi wamkulu wa magaziniyo yemwe amagwira ntchito zamakono zamakono, adafalitsa nkhani yake "The Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence", momwe adayankhira funsoli mwatsatanetsatane. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za nkhani yake [35]:
• Machitidwe amakono a Artificial Intelligence (AI) ndi ovuta kwambiri moti ngakhale akatswiri omwe amawapanga sangathe kufotokoza momwe AI amapangira chisankho. Masiku ano komanso m'tsogolomu, sizingatheke kupanga dongosolo la AI lomwe lingathe kufotokozera zochita zake nthawi zonse. Tekinoloje ya "kuphunzira mozama" yakhala yothandiza kwambiri pakuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zachitika zaka zaposachedwa: kuzindikira zithunzi ndi mawu, kumasulira chilankhulo, ntchito zamankhwala. [35]
• Pali chiyembekezo chachikulu cha AI pozindikira matenda oopsa, popanga zisankho zovuta zachuma; ndipo AI ikuyembekezekanso kukhala yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale ena ambiri. Komabe, izi sizichitika - kapena siziyenera kuchitika - mpaka titapeza njira yopangira njira yophunzirira yozama yomwe ingafotokoze zisankho zomwe imapanga. Apo ayi, sitingathe kuneneratu nthawi yomwe dongosololi lidzalephereke - ndipo posachedwa lidzalephera. [35]
• Vutoli layamba kufulumira tsopano, ndipo mtsogolomu lidzangokulirakulira. Zikhale zosankha zachuma, zankhondo kapena zachipatala. Makompyuta omwe ali ndi machitidwe a AI omwe akugwirizana nawo adzikonzera okha, ndipo mwanjira yakuti sitingathe kumvetsetsa "zomwe zili m'maganizo mwawo." Tinganene chiyani za ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto, pomwe ngakhale mainjiniya omwe amapanga makinawa samatha kumvetsetsa ndi kufotokoza zomwe amachita. Pamene machitidwe a AI akusintha, posachedwapa tikhoza kuwoloka mzere - ngati sitinatero - pamene kudalira AI kumafuna kuti "tidumphe chikhulupiriro." Zoonadi, pokhala anthu, ife eni sitingathe kufotokozera malingaliro athu nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri timadalira chidziwitso. Koma kodi tingalole makina kuganiza mofanana - zosayembekezereka komanso zosamvetsetseka? [35]
• Mu 2015, Mount Sinai, malo azachipatala ku New York City, adauziridwa kuti agwiritse ntchito lingaliro la kuphunzira mozama pankhokwe yake yayikulu ya mbiri yamilandu. Dongosolo la data lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa dongosolo la AI limaphatikizapo mazana a magawo omwe adakhazikitsidwa potengera zotsatira za kuwunika, kuwunika, kuyesa ndi zolemba zamankhwala. Pulogalamu yomwe idakonza zojambulidwazi idatchedwa "Deep Patient". Anaphunzitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba za odwala 700. Poyesa zolemba zatsopano, zidakhala zothandiza kwambiri pakulosera matenda. Popanda kuyanjana ndi katswiri, Deep Patient adapeza zizindikiro zobisika m'mabuku azachipatala - zomwe, malinga ndi AI, zimasonyeza kuti wodwalayo anali pafupi ndi zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo khansa ya chiwindi. Tayesera njira zosiyanasiyana zolosera kale, zomwe zinagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zachipatala za odwala ambiri monga deta yolowera, koma zotsatira za "Deep Patient" sizingafanane nazo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zopambana zosayembekezereka kotheratu: Wodwala Wakuya ndi wabwino kwambiri kulosera za kuyambika kwa matenda amisala monga schizophrenia. Koma popeza mankhwala amakono alibe zida zodziwiratu, funso limakhala momwe AI inatha kuchita izi. Komabe, Deep Patient amalephera kufotokoza momwe amachitira izi. [35]
• Momwemo, zida zotere ziyenera kufotokozera madokotala momwe adafikira pamapeto ena - kuti, tinene, kulungamitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake. Komabe, machitidwe anzeru amakono ochita kupanga, tsoka, sangathe kuchita izi. Titha kupanga mapulogalamu ofanana, koma sitikudziwa momwe amagwirira ntchito. Kuphunzira mozama kwapangitsa machitidwe a AI kuchita bwino kwambiri. Pakalipano, machitidwe a AI oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisankho zazikulu m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, ndalama, kupanga, ndi zina zotero. Mwinamwake ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha luntha lokha - kuti gawo limodzi lokha limapereka kufotokozera momveka bwino, pamene nthawi zambiri imapanga zosankha zokha. Koma zidzatsogolera ku chiyani tikalola machitidwe otere kuti azindikire khansa ndikuchita masewera ankhondo? [35]

Kodi gawo lazachipatala laphunzirapo za WannaCry?

• Pa May 25, 2017, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani za BBC [16] linanena kuti chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zonyalanyaza chitetezo cha pa intaneti pazida zachipatala zovala ndi mphamvu zawo zochepa zamakompyuta chifukwa cha zofunikira zazikulu za kukula kwake. Zifukwa zina ziwiri zofunikanso: kusowa kwa chidziwitso cha kulemba code yotetezeka komanso kukankhira masiku omaliza otulutsa chomaliza.
• Mu lipoti lomweli, BBC inanena [16] kuti chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa pulogalamu ya pulogalamu imodzi ya pacemakers, zofooka zoposa 8000 zinapezeka mmenemo; komanso kuti ngakhale pali zovuta zambiri zachitetezo cha pa intaneti zomwe zidadziwika chifukwa cha zomwe zidachitika pa WannaCry, ndi 17% yokha ya opanga zida zamankhwala omwe adachitapo kanthu kuti awonetsetse chitetezo chazida zawo. Ponena za zipatala zomwe zidakwanitsa kupewa kugundana ndi WannaCry, 5% yokha ya iwo adadodoma pozindikira kutetezedwa kwa zida zawo. Malipotiwa abwera patangopita nthawi yochepa mabungwe opitilira 60 azachipatala ku UK akhudzidwa ndi chiwembu cha cyberattack.
• Pa June 13, 2017, mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa chochitika cha WannaCry, Peter Pronowost, dokotala wa PhD ndi wothandizira wotsogolera chitetezo cha odwala ku Johns Hopkins Medicine, akukambirana [17] mu Harvard Business Review zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makompyuta. osatchulapo mawu okhudza cybersecurity.
• Pa June 15, 2017, mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa chochitika cha WannaCry, Robert Perl, dokotala yemwe ali ndi doctorate ndi wamkulu wa zipatala ziwiri zachipatala, akukambirana [15] mu Harvard Business Review mavuto omwe akukumana nawo omwe opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe oyang'anira EHR - Sananene kalikonse zachitetezo cha pa intaneti.
• Pa June 20, 2017, mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa chochitika cha WannaCry, gulu la asayansi a PhD ochokera ku Harvard School of Medicine, omwe amatumikiranso monga akuluakulu a madipatimenti akuluakulu pa Brigham ndi Women's Hospital, adafalitsa [20] zotsatira mu Harvard Business Review. .kukambitsirana kwa tebulo lozungulira pakufunika kokonzanso zida zachipatala kuti zipititse patsogolo chisamaliro cha odwala. Gome lozungulira lidakambirana za chiyembekezo chochepetsera madotolo ndikuchepetsa ndalama kudzera pakukhathamiritsa kwaukadaulo ndi makina ophatikizika. Oimira zipatala 34 zotsogola zaku US adatenga nawo gawo patebulo lozungulira. Pokambitsirana za kusinthika kwa zida zamankhwala, otenga nawo mbali adayika chiyembekezo chachikulu pazida zolosera komanso zida zanzeru. Palibe mawu omwe adanenedwa ponena za cybersecurity.

Kodi zipatala zingatsimikizire bwanji cybersecurity?

• Mu 2006, Lieutenant General Nikolai Ilyin, mkulu wa Special Communications Information Systems Department of the Federal Security Service of Russia, ananena [52] kuti: “Nkhani yoteteza zidziwitso ndiyofunika kwambiri masiku ano kuposa kale. Kuchuluka kwa teknoloji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, masiku ano nkhani zachitetezo chazidziwitso sizimaganiziridwa nthawi zonse pakupanga. Zikuwonekeratu kuti mtengo wothetsera vutoli umachokera ku 10 mpaka 20 peresenti ya mtengo wa dongosolo lokha, ndipo kasitomala samafuna nthawi zonse kulipira ndalama zowonjezera. Pakadali pano, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti chitetezo chazidziwitso chodalirika chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali njira yophatikizira, pamene njira za bungwe zikuphatikizidwa ndikuyambitsa njira zodzitetezera. "
• Pa Okutobala 3, 2016, Mohammed Ali, yemwe kale anali wantchito wamkulu wa IBM ndi Hewlett Packard, ndipo tsopano wamkulu wa kampaniyo "Carbonite", yemwe amagwira ntchito pazachitetezo cha cybersecurity, adagawana [19] pamasamba a Harvard Business Review zomwe adaziwona pazambiri. Mkhalidwe wachitetezo cha cybersecurity m'chipatala: "Chifukwa chakuti ransomware ndiyofala kwambiri ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kumatha kukhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndimadabwa nthawi zonse ndikalankhula ndi ma CEO kuti samasamala. Zabwino kwambiri, CEO amatumiza nkhawa za cybersecurity ku dipatimenti ya IT. Komabe, izi sizokwanira kupereka chitetezo chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse ndimalimbikitsa ma CEO kuti: 1) akhazikitse njira zopewera kukhudzidwa kwa ma virus a ransomware pamndandanda wazofunikira zachitukuko cha bungwe; 2) kuwunikanso njira yoyenera yachitetezo cha cybersecurity chaka chilichonse; 3) phatikizani gulu lanu lonse pamaphunziro oyenera."
• Mutha kubwereka mayankho okhazikika kugawo lazachuma. Lingaliro lalikulu [18] lomwe gawo lazachuma lidapanga kuchokera ku chipwirikiti ndi cybersecurity ndi: "Chinthu chothandiza kwambiri pachitetezo cha pa intaneti ndi kuphunzitsa antchito. Chifukwa masiku ano chomwe chimayambitsa zochitika zapa cybersecurity ndizomwe zimachitika pamunthu, makamaka kuwonekera kwa anthu ku ziwawa zachinyengo. Pomwe kubisa kwamphamvu, inshuwaransi yowopsa ya cyber, kutsimikizika kwazinthu zambiri, ma tokenization, kutsitsa makhadi, blockchain ndi ma biometric ndi zinthu zothandiza, koma zachiwiri. ”
• Pa May 19, 2017, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani za BBC linanena kuti [23] malonda a mapulogalamu a chitetezo adakwera ndi 25% ku UK pambuyo pa chochitika cha WannaCry. Komabe, malinga ndi Verizon, kuopa kugulidwa kwa pulogalamu yachitetezo sizomwe zimafunikira kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha cyber; kuti mutsimikizire, muyenera kutsatira chitetezo chokhazikika, osati kuchitapo kanthu.

PS Ndakonda nkhaniyo? Ngati inde, chonde ngati. Ngati ndi kuchuluka kwa zokonda (tiyeni titenge 70) ndikuwona kuti owerenga a Habr ali ndi chidwi pamutuwu, pakapita nthawi ndikukonzekera kupitiliza, ndikuwunikanso ziwopsezo zaposachedwa kwambiri pamakina azachipatala.

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Source: www.habr.com