1.1. Kuyamba
Ponena za chitukuko cha IT m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, munthu sangalephere kuzindikira gawo la mayankho a Cloud pakati pa ena. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mtambo zothetsera, matekinoloje, ndi zina.
Cloud computing (kapena mautumiki a mtambo) ndi zida zapadera ndi njira zothandizira, kusungirako ndi kukonza deta pazinthu zakutali za kompyuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ma seva, makina osungira deta (DSS), makina otumizira deta (DTS).
Mukapanga chinthu cha IT, kaya tsamba la makhadi abizinesi, sitolo yapaintaneti, malo onyamula katundu wambiri kapena makina osungira, pali zosankha ziwiri zoyika malonda anu.
Kumalo a kasitomala (eng. - pa-premise) kapena mumtambo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sizingatheke kunena motsimikiza kuti ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri pazachuma pazochitika zonse.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito seva komwe muli ndi database yaying'ono yomwe ikugwira ntchito yomwe sikutanthauza kulekerera zolakwika ndi tsamba losavuta lopanda katundu wambiri - inde, kuchititsa pansi ndi njira yanu. Koma mukangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi zosowa zanu, muyenera kuganizira zosamukira kumtambo.
1.2. Mitambo pakati pathu
Musanayambe kukambirana ndendende momwe mitambo imaperekedwa, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti nkhani ya mitambo sikutanthauza zimphona zazikulu za IT ndi ntchito zawo zamkati.Timagwiritsanso ntchito cloud computing tsiku lililonse.
Masiku ano, mu 2019, ndizovuta kupeza munthu yemwe sangagwiritse ntchito Instagram, imelo, mamapu ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pafoni yawo. Kodi zonsezi zasungidwa ndi kukonzedwa kuti? Kulondola!
Ngakhale inu, monga katswiri wa IT mu kampani yomwe ili ndi netiweki yaying'ono yanthambi (kuti imveke bwino), ikani zosungirako zosungirako, ndiye ziribe kanthu momwe mungaperekere mwayi wopezeka, kaya ndi intaneti, ftp kapena samba. , izi ndi za owerenga anu chipindacho chidzakhala mtambo umene uli ... kwinakwake kumeneko. Kodi tinganene chiyani za zinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito panopo kangapo tsiku lililonse.
2.1. Mitundu ya Cloud Capacity Deployment
Chabwino, mtambo. Koma sizophweka. Tonse timabwera kudzagwira ntchito - ogulitsa, akatswiri a IT, oyang'anira. Koma ili ndi lingaliro lalikulu, aliyense ali ndi cholinga ndi gulu linalake. Ndi chimodzimodzi pano. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zamtambo zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu 4.
1.Mtambo wapagulu ndi nsanja yomwe imatsegulidwa kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito kwaulere kapena olembetsa olipira. Nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi munthu wina kapena bungwe lovomerezeka. Chitsanzo ndi portal-aggregator of articles of science knowledge.
2. Mtambo wachinsinsi - zosiyana ndendende ndi mfundo 1. Iyi ndi nsanja yotsekedwa kwa anthu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwira kampani imodzi (kapena kampani ndi mabungwe othandizana nawo). Kufikira kumaperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito okha ndi woyang'anira dongosolo. Izi zitha kukhala ntchito zamkati, mwachitsanzo, netiweki ya intranet, dongosolo la SD (desiki lantchito), CRM, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, eni ake amtambo kapena magawo amawona nkhani yachitetezo chazidziwitso ndi chitetezo chabizinesi mozama kwambiri, popeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi malonda, makasitomala, mapulani amakampani, ndi zina zambiri zimasungidwa mumtambo wachinsinsi.
3. Community Cloud tikhoza kunena kuti uwu ndi mtambo wachinsinsi womwe umagawidwa pakati pa makampani angapo omwe ali ndi ntchito kapena zokonda zofanana. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuli kofunikira kupereka ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zothandizira anthu angapo, madipatimenti ochokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana.
4. Mtambo wosakanizidwa Uwu ndi mtundu wa zomangamanga zomwe zimaphatikiza mitundu iwiri yotumizira. Chitsanzo chofala kwambiri ndikukulitsa malo opangira data kasitomala pogwiritsa ntchito mtambo. Izi zachitika kuti mupulumutse ndalama, ngati sizingatheke kusunthira kumtambo 100%, kapena chifukwa cha chitetezo ndi kutsata zifukwa.
2.2. Mitundu ya mautumiki
Super, mitundu yotumizira ndi yosiyana kwambiri, koma payenera kukhala china chake chomwe chimawagwirizanitsa? Inde, awa ndi mitundu ya mautumiki, amafanana ndi mitundu yonse ya mitambo. Tiyeni tiwone 3 zofala kwambiri.
IaaS (zomangamanga ngati ntchito) - zomangamanga ngati ntchito. Ndi njirayi, mumapatsidwa ma seva amtundu wa makina enieni (VMs), ma disks, zida zapaintaneti, zomwe mutha kuyika OS ndi chilengedwe chomwe mukufuna, kukhazikitsa ntchito, ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale kuti tsopano ndikukula mwachangu mumtambo kuchokera ku Yandex, ndidayamba kudziwana ndi GCP (Google Cloud Platform), kotero ndipereka zitsanzo motsutsana ndi maziko ake, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndilankhula za opereka pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chake, chitsanzo cha yankho la IaaS mu GCP chingakhale chinthu cha Compute Engine. Iwo. Iyi ndi BM yosavuta wamba yomwe mumasankha nokha makina ogwiritsira ntchito, sinthani pulogalamuyo nokha ndikuyika mapulogalamu. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo. Ndiwe wolemba mapulogalamu a python ndipo mukufuna kupanga webusaitiyi ndi backend pamtambo, poganizira njira ya IaaS yokha. Muyenera kutenga VM imodzi yomwe tsambalo lidzayendetse, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukhazikitsa (mu gcp imasankhidwa popanga chitsanzo) OS, sinthani woyang'anira packer (bwanji), yikani mtundu wofunikira wa python, nginx, etc ... Pa ma VM atatu pangani gulu la database la failover (komanso pamanja). Perekani mitengo, etc. Ndizotsika mtengo komanso zazitali, koma ngati mukufuna kusinthasintha kwakukulu, ndiye kusankha kwanu.
Chotsatira chotsatira kuphweka ndi mtengo wapamwamba ndi PaaS (nsanja ngati ntchito). Pano mumapezanso VM, ndithudi, koma popanda kutha kusintha kasinthidwe mosinthasintha, simukusankha OS, pulogalamu ya mapulogalamu, ndi zina zotero, mumapeza malo okonzeka opangira mankhwala anu. Tiyeni tibwerere ku chitsanzo chomwecho. Mumagula zochitika ziwiri za App Engine ku GCP, imodzi mwa izo idzakhala ngati malo osungirako zinthu, yachiwiri idzakhala ngati seva ya intaneti. Simufunikanso kukonza mapulogalamu aliwonse othandizira; mutha kuyendetsa malo opangira kunja kwa bokosilo. Zimawononga ndalama zambiri, muyenera kuvomereza, ntchitoyo iyenera kulipidwa, ndipo Malemba onse adakugwirani ntchito. Koma mumapeza nsanja yokonzedwa kuti mugwire nayo ntchito.
Chachitatu mwa zosankha zazikulu, kuyimirira pamwamba pa zina zonse - SaaS (Mapulogalamu monga Ntchito). Simukonza VM bwino, simuyikonza konse. Simukuyenera kukhala katswiri wa IT, simuyenera kulemba kachidindo, simuyenera kuchita kumbuyo. Zonse zakonzeka. Awa ndi mayankho okonzeka, otumizidwa, monga GSuite (omwe kale anali Google Apps), DropBox, Office 365.
3.1. Kodi pansi pa hood ndi chiyani?
Muli nazo m'mutu mwanu? Chabwino, tiyeni tipitirire. Tinagula VM, tinagwira nawo ntchito, tinawononga ndikugula zina 10. Sitigula hardware, koma tikudziwa kuti iyenera kukhala kwinakwake. Pamene mudayambitsa zosungira muzinthu zamabizinesi anu, mwina mumaziyika mu rack mu chipinda cha seva. Chifukwa chake, opereka ukadaulo wamtambo amakupatsirani gawo la chipinda chawo cha seva kuti mubwereke, kukula kwake kwakukulu. Zomwe zimatchedwa DPC (data processing center). Awa ndi mabwalo akuluakulu omwe amapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito yomanga nthawi zambiri imachitika pafupi ndi malo omwe amatha kukhala gwero la kuziziritsa kwachilengedwe pafupifupi gawo limodzi la chaka, koma oyimira ena amathanso kumangidwa m'chipululu cha Nevada. Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti woperekayo amaika mazana angapo ma racks mu hangar yaikulu, ali ndi nkhawa ndi kutentha kutentha (kodi akudziwabe kuti makompyuta sangathe kuzizira komanso kutenthedwa?), Zachitetezo cha deta yanu, makamaka pa thupi. mlingo, kotero ndizosatheka kulowa mu data center mosaloledwa kodi zingagwire ntchito? Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira zosungiramo deta mu data center zimasiyana pakati pa opereka chithandizo; ena amapanga zolemba zogawidwa pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana a deta, pamene ena amawasunga motetezeka m'modzi.
3.2. Mitambo tsopano komanso m'mbuyo. Othandizira
Kawirikawiri, ngati mumakumba mu mbiriyakale, zofunikira zoyamba za kulengedwa kwa mapulaneti amtambo masiku ano zinabwereranso m'ma 70s a zaka zapitazo, panthawi ya chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ARPANET Internet prototype. Kenako nkhani inali yoti tsiku lina anthu azitha kulandira chithandizo chilichonse kudzera pa netiweki. M'kupita kwa nthawi, njirazo zinakhala zokhazikika komanso zowonjezereka, ndipo mu 1999 ndondomeko yoyamba yamalonda ya CRM idawonekera, yomwe imaperekedwa kokha ndi kulembetsa ndipo ndi SaaS yoyamba, yomwe makope ake amasungidwa kumalo amodzi a deta. Pambuyo pake, kampaniyo inapereka magawo angapo omwe amapereka PaaS polembetsa, kuphatikizapo nkhani yapadera BDaaS (database as a service). momwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga makina awo enieni, umu ndi momwe nthawi ya matekinoloje akuluakulu amtambo imayambira.
Tsopano ndizofala kulankhula za zitatu zazikulu (ngakhale ndikuwona zinayi zazikulu mu theka la chaka): Amazon web services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform ... Yandex Cloud. Ndizosangalatsa makamaka kwa omalizirawo, chifukwa pamene anthu a m'mudzimo afika mofulumira padziko lapansi, kunyada kwapadera kumadutsa pakhungu.
Palinso makampani ambiri, mwachitsanzo Oracle kapena Alibaba, omwe ali ndi mitambo yawo, koma chifukwa cha zochitika zina sali otchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo, ndithudi, anyamata ochititsa chidwi, omwenso amapereka mayankho a PaaS kapena SaaS.
3.3. Mitengo ndi Ndalama
Sindidzaika kwambiri pamitengo yamitengo ya operekera, chifukwa apo ayi kudzakhala kutsatsa kotseguka. Ndikufuna kuzindikira kuti makampani onse akuluakulu amapereka ndalama kuchokera ku $ 200 mpaka $ 700 kwa chaka chimodzi kapena nthawi yochepa kuti inu, monga ogwiritsa ntchito, mutha kuwona mphamvu ya mayankho awo ndikumvetsetsa zomwe mukufunikira.
Komanso, makampani onse ochokera kumagulu atatu akuluakulu ... kapena anayiwo ali pafupi ... kupereka mwayi wolowa nawo m'magulu a zibwenzi, kuchita masemina ndi maphunziro, kupereka ziphaso ndi zopindulitsa pazogulitsa zawo.
Source: www.habr.com