Ukadaulo wa 5G upangitsa kuti zitheke kusonkhanitsa bwino deta ya telemetry ndikutsegula ntchito zatsopano zamagalimoto zomwe zitha kukonza chitetezo chamsewu ndikukulitsa gawo la magalimoto opanda anthu. Machitidwe a V2X (njira yotumizirana data pakati pa magalimoto, zida zamisewu ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito misewu) ali ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a 5G NR kuti atsegule. Izi zidzakulitsa kwambiri chitetezo cha madalaivala, okwera ndi oyenda pansi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso nthawi yoyenda.
M'mwezi wa Marichi chaka chino, bungwe la 3GPP, lomwe limayimira ma netiweki a 5G, lidavomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafotokozedwe oyamba a C-V5X mothandizidwa ndi 16G NR mu mtundu wotsatira wa 2G NR standard (Release 5). Tikukhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu ulandiridwa mu theka loyamba la 2020. Kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo uwu ndi chithandizo cha eMBB (ultra mobile broadband), zomwe zavomerezedwa mu 3GPP Release 15, zidzakhala sitepe yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito 5G NR kupanga magalimoto anzeru kutengera Qualcomm Snapdragon Automotive Platform.
Sitikudikirira kutulutsidwa kwapadziko lonse kwa maukonde a 5G kuti athe kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi galimoto ndi galimoto pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apakompyuta. Kubwerera ku 3GPP Release 14, matekinoloje a V2X adafotokozedwa kuti amalola magalimoto kusinthanitsa zidziwitso zoyambira ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena amsewu komanso, mwachitsanzo, magetsi apamsewu, pakapita nthawi. Kuthekera kwawo kwawonetsedwa m'mayesero ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chathu cha C-V2X, Qualcomm 9150. Kulankhulana mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a C-V2X kumapangitsa makinawo kuti "awone" malo ozungulira ngakhale pamene zinthu zina sizili pamzere wowonekera, monga mu m'njira zosaoneka bwino kapena nyengo yoipa. Pochita izi, matekinoloje atsopano amakwaniritsa ndikukulitsa mphamvu zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi masensa ena osagwira ntchito monga radar, LIDAR ndi makina a kamera, omwe ali ndi malire osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe.
3GPP Release 16 ndi 2G NR-enabled C-V5X standardization idzatenga lusoli pamlingo watsopano ndikupangitsa magalimoto kuti alandire ndi kutumiza zambiri zambiri, monga deta yowonjezereka ya sensa ndi zambiri za "zolinga" za ogwiritsa ntchito msewu, zomangamanga zamisewu komanso zamayendedwe oyenda pansi. Komanso, kusinthana kwa deta pa "zolinga" kudzathandiza kukonzekera njira ya galimotoyo bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira pa chitukuko cha magalimoto osayendetsedwa m'tsogolomu. C-V2X isintha kuchokera kuukadaulo womwe udagwira ntchito ngati njira yopititsira patsogolo chitetezo chamsewu mu Release 14, kupita ku chida cholumikizirana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pamsewu chomwe chingathandize kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamsewu ndi kuzindikira kwamagalimoto, komanso kuchepetsa mafuta ndi mtengo wanthawi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino C-V2X ndi 5G NR
Mayankho a 2G NR-based C-V5X amakulitsa luso lamakono lomwe latuluka ndi maukonde a 4G ndi 5G. Mtundu woyamba wa ma netiweki a 5G, womwe uyambike kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chino ndipo udakhazikitsidwa mu 3GPP Release 15, udayambitsa scalable frequency grid spacing yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa C-V2X. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha ntchito yake ndikutha kusintha kachulukidwe ka chizindikiro cholozera kutengera liwiro lagalimoto. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwathu, chiwonetsero chazithunzi pa liwiro lalikulu pankhaniyi chidzawonjezeka ndi nthawi 3,5, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazochitika zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito C-V2X, mwachitsanzo, pakusinthana pakati pa magalimoto ndi zida zamsewu zomwe zili ndi data yambiri. kuchokera ku masensa.
Kukhazikitsa kwa C-V2X kothandizidwa ndi 5G NR kumapereka zosintha zingapo pawayilesi zomwe ndizosiyana ndi 5G NR. Mu Kutulutsidwa 16, kwa nthawi yoyamba, ulalo wa "mbali" udzawonjezedwa ku muyezo wa 5G - njira yosinthira deta yachindunji ya machitidwe a V2X. Ukadaulo uwu udzakhala maziko opangira mayankho amtsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito 5G NR mu mafoni am'manja ndi madera ena monga chitetezo cha anthu. Maziko a kulengedwa kwake kunali kupangidwa kwa Qualcomm Technologies kwa LTE Direct, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti teknoloji ya C-V3X iwoneke mu 14GPP Release 2. Komanso, matekinoloje omwe akufotokozedwa mu Release 14 adzalola magalimoto omwe ali ndi chithandizo cha mtundu wakale wa C-V2X kuti azilankhulana pamsewu ngakhale ndi mitundu yaposachedwa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse iwiri ya C-V2X (kuchokera ku Release 14 ndi Release 16 ndi chithandizo cha 5G NR. ).
Paradigm yatsopano yosinthira deta yamagalimoto kupita kugalimoto
M'mawonekedwe amakono akusinthana kwa data pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde am'manja, zida zimasintha magawo otumizira ma siginecha, monga kusinthika kwake ndi kusindikiza, kutengera mtundu wazizindikiro zamasiteshoni oyambira. Ndi C-V2X, vuto limakhala lovuta chifukwa tikukamba za magalimoto oyenda mosalekeza m'malo mongoyima. Pankhaniyi, khalidwe lazizindikiro palokha sikokwanira kumvetsetsa magalimoto omwe ali oyenera kulankhulana pazochitika zilizonse. Tangoganizani kuti pali galimoto pamphambano zapakona. Chizindikiro chake chimakhala chofooka, koma galimotoyo ili pafupi kwambiri, ndiko kuti, ndi gawo la chilengedwe chomwe chili chofunikira pagalimoto yathu. Choncho, magalimoto onse awiri pankhaniyi ayenera kulandira chidziwitso chonse kuchokera ku masensa, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali mu mzere wolunjika wina ndi mzake.
Ndipo izi, zikutanthauza kuti paradigm yatsopano ikufunika yomwe ingaganizire osati mlingo wa chizindikiro, komanso mtunda pakati pa zinthu. Chifukwa cha izi, njira yopangira maukonde a 5G palokha imasiyana ndi momwe maukonde am'mibadwo yam'mbuyomu adapangidwira. Makamaka, pazigawo "zotsika" za 5G NR (zigawo zakuthupi ndi za MAC), pakufunika kuwerengera mtunda. Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto adzatumiza kuvomereza, monga zopempha zodziwikiratu monga ACK / NAK, pokhapokha ngati zili pamtunda wina kuchokera ku transmitter ndipo pokhapokha ngati chidziwitso choperekedwa chiri chothandiza kwa galimotoyo. Njirayi idzathandizanso kuthana ndi vuto la "node yobisika" mwa mawonekedwe a galimoto yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndi chizindikiro chofooka, chomwe chili pakona. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha izi, kudalirika kwa kufalitsa zidziwitso pamagalimoto onse kumawonjezeka ndipo kukhathamiritsa kwadongosolo kumatsimikizika, popeza zida zapaintaneti sizimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufalitsa "zopanda ntchito" kwa ena omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamagalimoto.
C-V2X yozikidwa pa 5G NR sikuti ndi ukadaulo wapa data
Lingaliro lophatikizira ma C-V2X othandizidwa ndi 5G NR mu 3GPP Release 16 lidzakhala gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa matekinoloje apamwamba olumikizana ndi data omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamagalimoto atsopano pamagalimoto atsopano, kuphatikiza magalimoto odziyimira pawokha. Kuphatikiza pa njira zoyankhulirana, timachitanso kafukufuku ndikuyika ma protocol apamwamba ndi njira zotumizira mauthenga m'magawo monga SAE, ETSI ITS ndi C-ITS. Mauthenga okhazikika awa amalola magalimoto ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino ukadaulo watsopano wa C-V2X. Monga C-V2X yofotokozedwa mu 3GPP Release 14, mayankho a C-V2X othandizidwa ndi 5G NR adzagwiritsa ntchito gulu la 5,9 GHz, lomwe limasungidwa magalimoto m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi, monga US, Europe ndi China. Komabe, mtundu watsopano wa C-V2X udzagwiritsa ntchito njira zina pamtunduwu.
Source: www.habr.com