Kotala ya Ethernet: liwiro lakale, mwayi watsopano

Pa February 5 chaka chino, muyezo watsopano wa 10-Mbit Ethernet unavomerezedwa. Inde, mumawerenga molondola: megabits khumi pamphindikati.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji liŵiro “laling’ono” limeneli likufunika m’zaka za zana la 21? Kuti m'malo mwa zoo zobisika pansi pa dzina capacious "field bus" - Profibus, Modbus, CC-Link, CAN, FlexRay, HART, etc. Zilipo zambiri, sizigwirizana ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza. Koma mukungofuna kulumikiza chingwecho mu switch, ndipo ndi momwemo. Zofanana ndi Ethernet wamba.

Ndipo posachedwa zidzatheka! Kumanani: "802.3cg-2019 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet - Amendment 5: Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for 10 Mb/s Operation and Associated Power Delivery over Single Balanced Pair of Conductors."

Chosangalatsa ndi chiyani pa Ethernet yatsopanoyi? Choyamba, imagwira ntchito pa awiri opotoka, osapitirira anayi. Choncho, ili ndi zolumikizira zochepa komanso zingwe zocheperako. Ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chopindika chomwe chayikidwa kale kupita ku masensa ndi ma actuators.

Mutha kunena kuti Ethernet imagwira ntchito mpaka 100 metres, koma masensa ali kutali kwambiri. Zowonadi, izi zinali zovuta kale. Koma 802.3cg imagwira ntchito pamtunda wa 1 km! Awiri pa nthawi! Osayipa kwenikweni?

M'malo mwake, zabwinoko: mphamvu zitha kuperekedwanso kudzera pawiri imodzi. Ndipamene tiyambire.

IEEE 802.3bu Mphamvu pa Mizere ya Data (PoDL)

Ndikuganiza kuti ambiri a inu mudamvapo za PoE (Power over Ethernet) ndipo mukudziwa kuti mawaya awiri amafunikira kuti apereke mphamvu. Kulowetsa / kutulutsa mphamvu kumapangidwa pakatikati pa zosintha zamtundu uliwonse. Izi sizingachitike pogwiritsa ntchito gulu limodzi. Choncho, tinayenera kuchita mosiyana. Momwe ndendende zikuwonekera mu chithunzi pansipa. Mwachitsanzo, PoE yachikale yawonjezedwanso.

Zomwe:
PSE - zida zopangira magetsi (magetsi)
PD - chipangizo choyendetsedwa ndi magetsi (chida chakutali chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi)

Poyambirira, 802.3bu inali ndi makalasi amagetsi 10:

Mitundu itatu yamagetsi yamagetsi imawonetsedwa mumtundu: 12, 24 ndi 48V.

Maudindo:
Vpse - voteji yamagetsi, V
Vpd min - voteji yochepa pa PD, V
I max - pakali pano pamzere, A
Ppd max - kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri PD, W

Pakubwera kwa protocol ya 802.3cg, makalasi ena 6 adawonjezedwa:

Zachidziwikire, ndi kusiyanasiyana kotere, PSE ndi PD ziyenera kugwirizana pagulu lamagetsi musanagwiritse ntchito magetsi athunthu. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito SCCP (Serial Communications Classification Protocol). Iyi ndi protocol yotsika kwambiri (333 bps) yotengera 1-Waya. Zimangogwira ntchito pamene mphamvu yaikulu siinaperekedwe ku mzere (kuphatikizapo mumayendedwe ogona).

Chithunzi cha block block chikuwonetsa momwe mphamvu imaperekedwa:

• Panopa 10mA imaperekedwa ndipo kupezeka kwa 4V zener diode pamapeto pake kumafufuzidwa.
• gulu lamphamvu likuvomerezedwa
• mphamvu yayikulu imaperekedwa
• ngati kumwa kutsika pansi pa 10mA, njira yogona imayatsidwa (kuperekedwa kwa mphamvu yoyimirira 3.3V)
• Ngati kumwa kupitilira 1mA, njira yogona imatuluka

Palibe chifukwa chogwirizana pa gulu la chakudya ngati likudziwika pasadakhale. Njirayi imatchedwa Fast Startup Mode. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, m'magalimoto, chifukwa palibe chifukwa chosinthira masinthidwe a zida zolumikizidwa.

Onse PSE ndi PD akhoza kuyambitsa kugona.

Tsopano tiyeni tipite ku malongosoledwe a kusamutsa deta. Ndizosangalatsanso pamenepo: muyezo umatanthawuza njira ziwiri zogwirira ntchito - zazitali komanso zazitali zazitali.

Mtengo wa 10BASE-T1L

Iyi ndi njira yayitali yofikira. Makhalidwe akuluakulu ndi awa:

• kutalika - mpaka 1 km
• kondakitala 18AWG (0.8mm2)
• mpaka 10 zolumikizira zapakatikati (ndi zolumikizira ziwiri)
• point-to-point ntchito mode
• duplex yonse
• chizindikiro cha 7.5 Mbaud
• PAM-3 modulation, 4B3T encoding
• chizindikiro ndi matalikidwe 1V (1Vpp) kapena 2.4V
• Thandizo la Energy Efficient Ethernet ("chete/refresh" EEE).

Mwachiwonekere, njirayi idapangidwira ntchito zamafakitale, makina owongolera olowera, makina omangira, ma elevator. Zowongolera zoziziritsa kukhosi, zowongolera mpweya, ndi mafani omwe ali padenga. Kapena ma boilers otenthetsera ndi mapampu omwe ali muzipinda zaukadaulo. Ndiye kuti, pali ntchito zambiri zosiyanasiyana kupatula mafakitale. Osatchulanso intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT).

Ndikoyenera kunena kuti 10BASE-T1 ndi imodzi mwamiyezo ya Single Pair Ethernet (SPE). Palinso 100BASE-T1 (802.3bw) ndi 1000BASE-T1 (802.3bp). Zowona, zidapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto, kotero kuti pali mtunda wa 15 (UTP) kapena 40 mita (STP). Komabe, mapulani akuphatikiza kale 100BASE-T1L yautali. Kotero m'tsogolomu iwo adzawonjezera auto-negotiation of speed.

Pakalipano, kugwirizanitsa sikugwiritsidwe ntchito - "kuyambira mwamsanga" kwa mawonekedwe kumalengezedwa: zosakwana 100ms kuchokera kumagetsi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kusinthanitsa deta.

Njira ina (yosankha) ndikuwonjezera matalikidwe otumizira kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 2.4V kuti apititse patsogolo chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zolakwika, ndikutsutsa kusokoneza mafakitale.

Ndipo, ndithudi, EEE. Iyi ndi njira yopulumutsira magetsi pozimitsa transmitter ngati palibe deta yotumizira panthawiyi. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa momwe izi zimawonekera:


Palibe deta - timatumiza uthenga "Ndapita kukagona" ndikudula. Nthaŵi zina timadzuka ndikutumiza uthenga wakuti "Ndidakali pano." Deta ikawonekera, mbali ina imachenjezedwa "Ndikudzuka" ndipo kufalitsa kumayamba. Ndiko kuti, olandira okha ndi omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe adabwera nazo ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa muyezo.

Chithunzi cha 10BASE-T1S

Kale kuchokera ku kalata yotsiriza zikuwonekeratu kuti iyi ndi protocol ya mtunda waufupi. Koma chifukwa chiyani imafunikira ngati T1L imagwira ntchito patali pang'ono? Kuwerenga makhalidwe:

• kutalika mpaka 15m mumayendedwe a point-to-point
• duplex kapena theka duplex
• проводники 24-26AWG (0.2-0.13мм2)
• chizindikiro cha 12.5 Mbaud
• DME, kodi 4B5B
• chizindikiro chokhala ndi matalikidwe 1V (1Vpp)
• mpaka 4 zolumikizira zapakatikati (ndi zolumikizira ziwiri)
• palibe thandizo la EEE

Zikuwoneka ngati palibe chapadera. Ndiye ndi chiyani? Koma kwa izi:

• kutalika mpaka 25m mu multipoint mode (mpaka 8 mfundo)

Ndipo izi:

• mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito popewa kugunda PLCA RS (PHY-Level Collision Avoidance Reconciliation Sublayer)

Ndipo izi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, sichoncho? Chifukwa kumathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mawaya mu makabati owongolera, makina, maloboti, ndi magalimoto. Ndipo palinso malingaliro oti agwiritse ntchito ngati m'malo mwa I2C mu maseva, masiwichi ndi zida zina zamagetsi.

Koma multipoint mode ili ndi zovuta zake. Chachikulu ndi njira yotumizira deta yogawana. Zachidziwikire, kugunda kumathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito CSMA/CD. Koma sizikudziwika kuti kuchedwa kudzakhala chiyani. Ndipo kwa mapulogalamu ena izi ndizofunikira. Chifukwa chake, mulingo watsopano, ma multipoint adawonjezeredwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a PLCA RS (onani gawo lotsatira).

Chotsalira chachiwiri ndikuti PoDL sigwira ntchito mu multipoint. Ndiko kuti, mphamvu iyenera kuperekedwa kudzera pa chingwe chosiyana kapena kutengedwa kwinakwake patsamba.

Komabe, mumayendedwe a point-to-point, PoDL imagwiranso ntchito pa T1S.

Mtengo wa PLCA RS

Njira iyi imagwira ntchito motere:

• node amagawa zozindikiritsa pakati pawo, mfundo yokhala ndi ID = 0 imakhala wogwirizira
• wogwirizira akupereka chizindikiro cha BEACON ku netiweki, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa njira yatsopano yotumizira ndikutumiza paketi yake ya data.
• mutatha kutumiza paketi ya data, mzere wotumizira umasunthira ku node yotsatira
• ngati node sinayambe kufalitsa mkati mwa nthawi yofunikira kuti mutumize ma bits 20, mzerewo umasunthira ku mfundo yotsatira.
• pamene node onse atumiza deta (kapena kudumpha nthawi yawo), wogwirizanitsa akuyamba kuzungulira kwatsopano

Nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi TDMA. Koma ndi zachilendo kuti node sagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake ngati ilibe kanthu kofalitsa. Ndipo kukula kwa chimango sikunafotokozedwe bwino, chifukwa ... zimatengera kukula kwa paketi ya data yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi node. Ndipo zonse zimayenda pamwamba pa mafelemu amtundu wa 802.3 Efaneti (PLCA RS ndiyosankha, kotero payenera kukhala kuyanjana).

Zotsatira zogwiritsa ntchito PLCA zikuwonetsedwa pansipa pamagrafu. Yoyamba ndiyo kuchedwa kutengera katundu, yachiwiri ndi yodutsa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma node otumizira. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuchedwa kwakhala kodziwika kwambiri. Ndipo poyipitsitsa kwambiri ndi madongosolo a 2 ocheperako kuposa momwe amachitira CSMA / CD:

Ndipo kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe pankhani ya PLCA ndikokwera, chifukwa sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mikangano:

Maulalo

Poyambirira, tidasankha kuchokera ku zosankha 6 zolumikizira zoperekedwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, tasankha njira ziwiri izi:

Pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, cholumikizira cha CommScope's IEC 63171-1 LC chidasankhidwa.

Pamalo ovuta - banja lolumikizira IEC 63171-6 (kale 61076-3-125) kuchokera ku HARTING. Zolumikizira izi zimapangidwira madigiri achitetezo kuchokera ku IP20 kupita ku IP67.

Zachidziwikire, zolumikizira ndi zingwe zitha kukhala UTP kapena STP.

Прочее

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha Efaneti chamagulu anayi, pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lililonse panjira yosiyana ya SPE. Kuti musakoke zingwe zinayi zosiyana penapake patali. Kapena gwiritsani ntchito chingwe chamtundu umodzi, ndikuyika chosinthira cha Efaneti chamtundu umodzi kumapeto kwenikweni.

Kapena mutha kulumikiza chosinthirachi molunjika ku netiweki yakomweko, ngati netiweki yatalikitsidwa kale mtunda wautali kudzera pa fiber optics. Ikani masensa mmenemo, ndipo werengani zomwe zawerengedwa apa. Molunjika pa netiweki. Popanda mawonekedwe otembenuza ndi zipata.

Ndipo izi siziyenera kukhala zomverera. Pakhoza kukhala makamera a kanema, ma intercom kapena mababu anzeru. Mayendedwe a ma valve kapena ma turnstiles polowera.

Choncho ziyembekezo zikutseguka zosangalatsa. Ndizokayikitsa, zachidziwikire, kuti SPE ilowa m'malo mwa mabasi onse akumunda. Koma adzatenga gawo loyenera mwa iwo. Ndithudi m'magalimoto.

PS Sindinapeze zolemba za muyezo pagulu la anthu. Zomwe zili pamwambazi zidasonkhanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pazowonetsera zosiyanasiyana komanso zida zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti. Choncho pangakhale zolakwika mmenemo.

Source: www.habr.com