Tipange chiyani Mesh: momwe operekera intaneti "Medium" akupangira intaneti yatsopano kutengera Yggdrasil

Moni!

Ndithudi sizikhala nkhani yaikulu kwa inu zimenezo "Sovereign Runet" zangotsala pang'ono - lamulo likuyamba kugwira ntchito kale 1 gawo chaka chino.

Tsoka ilo, zikhala bwanji (komanso ngati zitero?) sizidziwikiratu: malangizo olondola a ogwiritsira ntchito ma telecom sanapezeke poyera. Palibenso njira, chindapusa, mapulani, kugawa maudindo ndi maudindo - pali kungolengeza.

Zofananazi zidawonedwa pokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulani a "Yarovaya Law" - zida zamalamulo sizinapangidwe panthawi yake ndipo otsogolera ma telecom mdziko muno adakakamizika kulumikizana mobwerezabwereza ndi omwe angakhale opanga zida zapadera ndi mafunso oyenera. Komabe, sanalandire yankho kaya zokhudzana ndi zida kapena zitsanzo zokha.

Koma chachikulu sikuti lamuloli lidzayamba kugwira ntchito posachedwa bwanji komanso ndikusintha kotani komwe tikuyembekezera. Chachikulu ndichakuti chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa bilu iyi, gulu la okonda lidayamba kutumizidwa kwa malo odziyimira pawokha olankhulana pafoni m'dziko lathu.

Lero ndilankhula za zomwe tachita kale, zomwe tidzachita posachedwa, ndi zovuta ndi zovuta zomwe tidakumana nazo pokonza ntchitoyi.

Kodi lamulo ndi chiyani?

Ndisanapite ku gawo laukadaulo la polojekiti yathu, ndiyenera kusungirako lamulo la "Pa Sovereign Runet".

Mwachidule: akuluakulu akufuna "kuteteza" gawo la Russia la intaneti ngati adani athu akufuna kutseka. Koma "njira yopita ku gehena ndi yokonzedwa ndi zolinga zabwino" - sizikudziwikiratu kuti atiteteza kwa ndani komanso momwe "adani", makamaka, angasokoneze ntchito ya gawo la Russia la intaneti.

Kuti akwaniritse izi, mayiko onse padziko lapansi ayenera kuchita chiwembu, kudula zingwe zonse zodutsa malire, kuponya ma satelayiti apanyumba ndikupanga kusokoneza mawayilesi nthawi zonse.

Sizikumveka zomveka.

Kodi Medium ndi chiyani?

sing'anga (Eng. sing'anga - "mkhalapakati", mawu oyamba - Osafunsa zachinsinsi chanu. Bweretsaninso; komanso mu Chingerezi mawu sing'anga amatanthauza "wapakatikati") - wopereka intaneti waku Russia yemwe amapereka chithandizo chamaneti Yggdrasil kwaulere.

Liti, kuti ndipo chifukwa chiyani Medium adalengedwa?

Poyamba, polojekitiyi idapangidwa ngati Masamba network в Kolomna urban district.

"Medium" idapangidwa mu Epulo 2019 ngati gawo lokhazikitsa malo odziyimira pawokha olumikizirana matelefoni popatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopeza zida za netiweki ya Yggdrasil pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Wi-Fi wopanda zingwe.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti mndandanda wathunthu wamalo onse amtaneti?Mutha kuzipeza mu nkhokwe pa GitHub.

Kodi Yggdrasil ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani Medium amaigwiritsa ntchito ngati mayendedwe ake akulu?

Yggdrasil ndi wodzikonzekeretsa Masamba network, yomwe imatha kulumikiza ma routers onse pamiyeso yokutira (pamwamba pa intaneti) komanso mwachindunji wina ndi mnzake kudzera pa intaneti ya mawaya kapena opanda zingwe.

Yggdrasil ndi kupitiriza kwa polojekitiyi CjDNS. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Yggdrasil ndi CjDNS ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito protocol STP (kutengera mtengo protocol).

Mwachikhazikitso, ma routers onse pa intaneti amagwiritsa ntchito kubisa-kumapeto kusamutsa deta pakati pa anthu ena.

Kusankhidwa kwa netiweki ya Yggdrasil ngati mayendedwe akulu kudachitika chifukwa chofuna kukulitsa liwiro lolumikizira (mpaka Ogasiti 2019, Medium yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito I2P).

Kusintha kupita ku Yggdrasil kunapatsanso omwe atenga nawo gawo mwayi woti ayambe kutumiza netiweki ya Mesh yokhala ndi Full-Mesh topology. Ma network oterowo ndiwothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi censorship.

Debriefing: ndi zolakwa ziti zomwe tapanga kale?

"Zochitika ndi mwana wa zolakwa zovuta." Pakukula kwa Medium, tidatha kuthetsa mavuto ambiri omwe adabuka panjira.

Cholakwika #1: Zomangamanga Zapagulu

Imodzi mwamavuto akulu pa nthawi yopanga maukonde inali kuthekera kochita Kuukira kwa MITM. Magalimoto pakati pa rauta ya opareshoni ndi chipangizo cha kasitomala sichinasinthidwe mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa magalimoto akulu adasinthidwa mwachindunji pa rauta ya woyendetsa.

Vuto linali loti aliyense atha kukhala kumbuyo kwa rauta - ndipo sitinkafuna kuti "wina" azitha kumvera zonse zomwe makasitomala amalandila.

Kulakwitsa kwathu koyamba kunali kuyambitsa makiyi a anthu onse (PKI).

Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito Level 7 OSI network model Tidachotsa ziwopsezo zamtundu wa MITM, koma tidapeza vuto latsopano - kufunikira kokhazikitsa satifiketi kuchokera kwa oyang'anira certification a mizu. Ndipo malo opangira ziphaso ndi vuto lina losafunikira. Mawu ofunika kwambiri apa ndi "kukhulupirira."

Muyenera kudaliranso munthu wina! Nanga bwanji ngati olamulira satifiketi asokonezedwa? Monga Comrade Murphy akutiuza, posakhalitsa olamulira a certification adzasokonezedwa. Ndipo ichi ndi Choonadi chowawa.

Tinaganiza kwa nthawi yayitali za kuthetsa vutoli ndipo pamapeto pake tidazindikira kuti palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito PKI - ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito. Yggdrasil native encryption.

Pambuyo pakusintha koyenera, topology ya netiweki ya "Medium" idatenga mawonekedwe awa:

Cholakwika #2: DNS yapakati

Tinkafuna dongosolo la mayina a mayina kuyambira pachiyambi, chifukwa maadiresi olemetsa a IPv6 sanali owoneka bwino - zinali zovuta kuwagwiritsa ntchito mu hyperlink, ndipo kusowa kwa gawo la semantic kunali vuto lalikulu.

Tinapanga ma seva angapo a mizu ya DNS omwe amasunga mndandanda wa mndandanda Zithunzi za AAAA,zi mu nkhokwe pa GitHub.

Komabe, vuto la kukhulupirira silinathe - wogwiritsa ntchitoyo atha kusintha adilesi ya IPv6 pa seva ya DNS m'kuphethira kwa diso. Ngati muli ndi luso linalake, zimakhala zosaoneka bwino kwa ena.

Popeza sitigwiritsa ntchito HTTPS komanso, makamaka, ukadaulo Zithunzi za HSTS, powononga adilesi mu DNS, zinali zotheka kuchita chiwopsezo powononga adilesi ya IPv6 ya seva yomaliza popanda vuto.

Yankho silinachedwe kubwera: tinaganiza zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo EmerDNS - DNS yokhazikika.

Mwanjira ina, EmerDNS ikufanana ndi fayilo ya makamu, pomwe pali zolembera zamasamba onse odziwika. Koma mosiyana ndi makamu:

• Mzere uliwonse mu EmerDNS ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi mwini wake, ndipo palibe wina
• Kusatheka kwa "Mulungu (wolamulira wamkulu) kulowererapo" kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mgwirizano wa mgodi
• Fayiloyi ndi yofanana kwa aliyense, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yobwereza blockchain
• Makina osakira mwachangu akuphatikizidwa ndi fayilo.

Source: "EmerDNS - njira ina DNSSEC"

Cholakwika #3: Kuyika chilichonse pakati

Poyamba, mawu akuti “Intaneti” ankangotanthauza china chilichonse maukonde olumikizidwa kapena ma network.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu anasiya kugwirizanitsa intaneti ndi chinachake cha maphunziro ndikukhala lingaliro lodziwika bwino, popeza chikoka chake chinafalikira kwambiri m'miyoyo ya anthu wamba.

Ndiko kuti, poyamba Intaneti inali decentralized. Masiku ano sizingatchulidwe kuti decentralization, ngakhale kuti lingaliro lakhalapo mpaka lero - malo akuluakulu okhawo omwe amawombola magalimoto amayendetsedwa ndi makampani akuluakulu. Ndipo makampani akuluakulu, nawonso, amayendetsedwa ndi boma.

Koma tiyeni tibwerere ku vuto lathu - mayendedwe opita ku centralization amakhazikitsidwa ndi ogwira ntchito paokha monga malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ma seva a imelo, amithenga apompopompo, ndi zina zotero.

"Yapakatikati" pankhaniyi sinali yosiyana kwambiri ndi intaneti yayikulu mpaka pano - mautumiki ambiri anali apakati ndikuwongoleredwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito payekha.

Tsopano taganiza zokhazikitsa njira yogawanitsa anthu kwathunthu - kuti ntchito zofunika zipitilize kugwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu kuti pali kulephera pa seva yapakati kapena ayi.

Monga makina otumizira mauthenga omwe timagwiritsa ntchito masanjidwewo. Monga malo ochezera a pa Intaneti - Matimoni и zila. Kwa kuchititsa makanema - peer chubu.

Zoonadi, mautumiki ambiri akadali pakati ndipo amayendetsedwabe ndi ogwira ntchito payekha, koma chachikulu ndi chakuti pali kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Intaneti yaulere ku Russia imayamba ndi inu

Mutha kupereka chithandizo chonse chotheka pakukhazikitsa intaneti yaulere ku Russia lero. Tapanga mndandanda watsatanetsatane wa momwe mungathandizire maukonde:

       Uzani anzanu ndi anzanu za netiweki ya Medium
       Gawani zolemba ku nkhaniyi pama social network kapena mabulogu anu
       Tengani nawo gawo pazokambirana zaukadaulo pa Medium network pa GitHub
       Pangani ntchito yanu yapaintaneti Yggdrasil
       Kwezani yanu malo ofikira ku Medium network

Werenganinso:

Ndilibe chobisala
Chilichonse chomwe mumafuna kudziwa za omwe amapereka intaneti pa Medium, koma amawopa kufunsa
Wokondedwa, tikupha intaneti

Muli ndi mafunso? Lowani nawo pazokambirana pa Telegraph: @medium_general.

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Source: www.habr.com