Kodi tikuyembekezera chiyani mu Wi-Fi 7, IEEE 802.11be?

Posachedwapa, zipangizo zothandizira Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax) zamakono, zomwe zimakambidwa kwambiri, zalowa msika posachedwa. Koma anthu ochepa amadziwa kuti chitukuko cha m'badwo watsopano wa luso Wi-Fi kale zikuchitika - Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be). Dziwani momwe Wi-Fi 7 idzakhalire m'nkhaniyi.

prehistory

Mu Seputembala 2020, tidzakondwerera zaka 30 za projekiti ya IEEE 802.11, yomwe yakhudza kwambiri miyoyo yathu. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wa Wi-Fi, womwe umatanthauzidwa ndi banja la miyezo ya IEEE 802.11, ndiukadaulo wodziwika kwambiri wopanda zingwe womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi intaneti, pomwe Wi-Fi imanyamula oposa theka la ogwiritsa ntchito. Ngakhale teknoloji yam'manja imadzipangitsanso zaka khumi zilizonse, monga kusintha dzina la 4G ndi 5G, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito Wi-Fi, kusintha kwa liwiro la deta, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mautumiki atsopano ndi zatsopano, zimachitika mosayembekezereka. Makasitomala ochepa amasamala za zilembo "n", "ac" kapena "nkhwangwa" zomwe zimatsata "802.11" pamabokosi a zida. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti Wi-Fi sikusintha.

Umboni umodzi wa kusinthika kwa Wi-Fi ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa liwiro la data: kuchokera ku 2 Mbps mu 1997 version kufika pafupifupi 10 Gbps mu 802.11ax standard standard, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Wi-Fi 6. Wi-Fi yamakono imafika motere. kupindula kwa magwiridwe antchito chifukwa cha ma siginecha othamanga ndi ma code mapangidwe, njira zokulirapo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo MIMO.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa ma netiweki amderali opanda zingwe, kusinthika kwa Wi-Fi kumaphatikizanso mapulojekiti angapo. Mwachitsanzo, Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) anali kuyesa kubweretsa Wi-Fi kumsika wopanda zingwe wa intaneti wa Zinthu. Millimeter wave Wi-Fi (802.11ad/ay) imathandizira ma data mwadzina mpaka 275 Gbps, ngakhale atayenda mtunda waufupi kwambiri.

Mapulogalamu atsopano ndi mautumiki okhudzana ndi kutulutsa mavidiyo apamwamba, zenizeni ndi zowonjezereka, masewera, ofesi yakutali ndi makompyuta amtambo, komanso kufunikira kothandizira anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri pa intaneti opanda zingwe, amafuna ntchito yapamwamba.

Zolinga za Wi-Fi 7

Mu Meyi 2019, gulu la BE (TGbe) la 802.11 Working Group la Local and Metropolitan Area Network Standards Committee lidayamba ntchito yowonjezeranso mulingo wa Wi-Fi womwe uwonjezere. kutulutsa mwadzina mpaka kupitilira 40 Gbit / s munjira imodzi yafupipafupi yamitundu "yodziwika" ya Wi-Fi <= 7 GHz. Ngakhale zolemba zambiri zimalemba "machulukidwe opitilira 30 Gbps", njira yatsopano yosanjikiza yakuthupi ipereka liwiro lopitilira 40 Gbps.

Njira ina yofunikira yachitukuko cha Wi-Fi 7 ndi thandizo kwa ntchito zenizeni nthawi (masewera, zenizeni komanso zowonjezereka, kuwongolera kwa robot). Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale Wi-Fi imayendetsa ma audio ndi makanema mwanjira yapadera, kwakhala kukhulupiriridwa kuti kupereka mulingo wotsimikizika otsika (milliseconds), womwe umadziwikanso kuti Time-Sensitive Networking, mumanetiweki a Wi-Fi ndikofunikira kwambiri. zosatheka. Mu November 2017, gulu lathu la IITP RAS ndi National Research University Higher School of Economics (musatengere PR) linapanga malingaliro ofanana mu gulu la IEEE 802.11. Lingaliroli lidabweretsa chidwi chachikulu ndipo gulu laling'ono lapadera lidakhazikitsidwa mu Julayi 2018 kuti liphunzire nkhaniyi mopitilira. Chifukwa kuthandizira mapulogalamu a nthawi yeniyeni kumafuna kuchulukitsidwa kwa deta komanso kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, Gulu Logwira Ntchito la 802.11 linaganiza zopanga njira zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni mkati mwa Wi-Fi 7.

Nkhani yofunika kwambiri ndi Wi-Fi 7 ndi kuyanjana kwake ndi matekinoloje amtundu wa ma cellular (4G/5G) omwe akupangidwa ndi 3GPP ndikugwira ntchito m'magulu omwewo osaloledwa. Tikulankhula za LTE-LAA/NR-U. Kuti tiphunzire zamavuto okhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa ma Wi-Fi ndi ma netiweki am'manja, IEEE 802.11 idakhazikitsa Coexisting Standing Committee (Coex SC). Ngakhale misonkhano yambiri komanso msonkhano wophatikizana wa 3GPP ndi IEEE 802.11 otenga nawo gawo mu Julayi 2019 ku Vienna, mayankho aukadaulo sanavomerezedwe. Kufotokozera komwe kungatheke pazachabechabe kumeneku ndikuti IEEE 802 ndi 3GPP safuna kusintha matekinoloje awo kuti agwirizane ndi ena. Choncho, Sizikudziwika ngati zokambirana za Coex SC zikhudza muyezo wa Wi-Fi 7.

Njira yachitukuko

Ngakhale njira yachitukuko ya Wi-Fi 7 ili koyambirira kwambiri, pakhala pali malingaliro pafupifupi 500 okhudza magwiridwe antchito atsopano a Wi-Fi 7, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti IEEE 802.11be, mpaka pano. Malingaliro ambiri akukambidwa mugulu la be ndipo chigamulo pa iwo sichinapangidwe. Malingaliro ena avomerezedwa posachedwa. Pansipa zidzasonyezedwa momveka bwino kuti ndi malingaliro ati omwe akuvomerezedwa ndi omwe akungokambidwa.

Poyambirira zidakonzedwa kuti kukonza njira zazikuluzikulu zatsopano kumalizidwe pofika Marichi 2021. Mtundu womaliza wa muyezo ukuyembekezeredwa koyambirira kwa 2024. Mu Januware 2020, a 11 adadzutsa nkhawa ngati chitukuko chikhalabe pa ndandanda momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Kuti mufulumizitse ndondomeko yachitukuko chokhazikika, gulu laling'ono lidavomera kusankha kagawo kakang'ono kamene kakhoza kutulutsidwa ndi 2021 (Kutulutsidwa 1), ndikusiya ena onse pa Release 2. Zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri ziyenera kupereka phindu lalikulu la ntchito. ndikuphatikizanso chithandizo cha 320 MHz, 4K- QAM, kusintha koonekeratu kwa OFDMA kuchokera pa Wi-Fi 6, MU-MIMO yokhala ndi mitsinje 16.

Chifukwa cha coronavirus, gululi silikumana pamasom'pamaso, koma limakhala ndi ma teleconference pafupipafupi. Motero, chitukuko chinachepa pang'onopang'ono, koma sichinayime.

Tsatanetsatane waukadaulo

Tiyeni tiwone zatsopano zazikulu za Wi-Fi 7.

1. Protocol yatsopano yosanjikiza thupi ndikukulitsa protocol ya Wi-Fi 6 ndikuwonjezeka kawiri bandwidth mpaka 320 MHz, kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa mitsinje ya MU-MIMO, zomwe zimawonjezera kutulutsa kwadzina ndi 2 × 2 = 4 nthawi. Wi-Fi 7 imayambanso kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha 4K-QAM, zomwe zimawonjezera 20% ina kumayendedwe odziwika. Chifukwa chake, Wi-Fi 7 ipereka 2x2x1,2 = nthawi 4,8 kuchuluka kwa data yovoteledwa ya Wi-Fi 6: Wi-Fi 7 yopitilira muyeso ndi 9,6 Gbps x 4,8 = 46 Gbit/s. Kuphatikiza apo, padzakhala kusintha kosinthika mu protocol yakuthupi kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwirizana ndi mitundu yamtsogolo ya Wi-Fi, koma ikhala yosawoneka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
2. Kusintha njira yofikira tchanelo ya chithandizo cha nthawi yeniyeni zidzachitika poganizira zomwe IEEE 802 TSN yakumana nazo pamanetiweki. Kukambitsirana kosalekeza mu komiti yoyezera miyezo kumakhudzana ndi njira yobwerera m'mbuyo yofikira tchanelo, magulu amayendedwe apamsewu motero amalekanitsa mizere ya kuchuluka kwa magalimoto munthawi yeniyeni, ndi ndondomeko zamapaketi.
3. Adayambitsidwa mu Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) Mtengo wa OFDMA - Njira yopezera njira yogawa nthawi ndi nthawi (yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 4G ndi 5G network) - imapereka mwayi watsopano wogawa bwino zothandizira. Komabe, mu 11ax, OFDMA sisintha mokwanira. Choyamba, amalola mwayi malo kugawira mmodzi yekha gwero chipika cha anakonzeratu kukula kwa kasitomala chipangizo. Kachiwiri, sichithandizira kufalitsa mwachindunji pakati pa masiteshoni a kasitomala. Zoyipa zonsezi zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a spectral. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwa kusinthika kwa cholowa cha Wi-Fi 6 OFDMA kumawononga magwiridwe antchito pamanetiweti wandiweyani ndikuwonjezera kuchedwa, komwe kuli kofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni. 11be idzathetsa mavutowa a OFDMA.
4. Chimodzi mwazosintha zosinthika za Wi-Fi 7 ndizothandizira kwawo kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo maulumikizidwe angapo ofanana pama frequency osiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri pamitengo yayikulu komanso yotsika kwambiri. Ngakhale ma chipsets amakono amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maulumikizidwe angapo nthawi imodzi, mwachitsanzo, m'magulu a 2.4 ndi 5 GHz, maulumikizidwe awa ndi odziyimira pawokha, omwe amalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwamtunduwu. Mu 11be, mulingo wolumikizana pakati pa mayendedwe udzapezeka womwe umalola kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu zamakina ndipo zipangitsa kusintha kwakukulu pamalamulo a njira yolumikizira njira.
5. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mayendedwe otakata kwambiri komanso mitsinje yambiri yam'mlengalenga kumabweretsa vuto lapamwamba lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi njira yoyezera mayendedwe ofunikira ku MIMO ndi OFDMA. Kupitilira uku kumachotsa phindu lililonse pakuwonjezeka kwamitengo ya data. Ndinkayembekezera zimenezo njira yowunika momwe mayendedwe amayendera adzawunikiridwa.
6. Pankhani ya Wi-Fi 7, komiti yoyang'anira miyezo ikukambirana za kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina "zapamwamba" zosamutsa deta. Mwachidziwitso, njirazi zimathandizira kuti mawonedwe aziwoneka bwino pakuyesera kufalitsa mobwerezabwereza, komanso kutumiza munthawi yomweyo njira zomwezo kapena zotsutsana. Tikukamba za hybrid automatic automatic repplication request (HARQ), yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki am'manja, mawonekedwe aduplex ndi mwayi wosagwirizana ndi orthogonal (NOMA). Njirazi zaphunziridwa bwino m'mabuku mu chiphunzitso, koma sizikudziwika bwino ngati zopindulitsa zomwe amapereka zidzakhala zoyenera kuyesetsa kuzikwaniritsa.
   • Gwiritsani ntchito Mtengo wa magawo HARQ zovuta ndi vuto lotsatirali. Mu Wi-Fi, mapaketi amalumikizidwa pamodzi kuti achepetse kumtunda. M'mitundu yamakono ya Wi-Fi, kuperekedwa kwa paketi iliyonse mkati mwa glued kumatsimikiziridwa ndipo, ngati chitsimikiziro sichibwera, kutumiza kwa paketi kumabwerezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopezera njira. HARQ imasuntha kuyesanso kuchokera ku ulalo wa data kupita ku gawo lakuthupi, komwe kulibenso mapaketi, koma ma codewords okha, ndipo malire a codewords sagwirizana ndi malire a mapaketi. Kusalumikizana uku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kukhazikitsa HARQ mu Wi-Fi.
   • chokhudza Duplex Yathunthu, ndiye kuti pakadali pano palibe ma netiweki am'manja kapena pamanetiweki a Wi-Fi ndizotheka kufalitsa nthawi imodzi munjira yofananira kupita ndi kuchokera komwe mungapeze (base siteshoni). Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu mu mphamvu ya chizindikiro chotumizidwa ndi kulandira. Ngakhale pali ma prototypes omwe amaphatikiza kuchotsera kwa digito ndi analogi kwa chizindikiro chotumizidwa kuchokera ku siginecha yomwe idalandilidwa, yomwe imatha kulandira chizindikiro cha Wi-Fi panthawi yotumizira, phindu lomwe angapereke pochita lingakhale lonyozeka chifukwa choti nthawi iliyonse kunsi kwa mtsinje sikufanana ndi wokwera (pafupifupi "m'chipatala" wotsikirayo amakhala wamkulu kwambiri). Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa njira ziwiri zotere kudzasokoneza kwambiri protocol.
   • Ngakhale kutumiza mitsinje ingapo pogwiritsa ntchito MIMO kumafuna tinyanga zambiri kwa wotumiza ndi wolandira, ndi mwayi wosagwirizana ndi orthogonal malo olowera amatha kutumiza deta nthawi imodzi kwa olandira awiri kuchokera ku mlongoti umodzi. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zosakhala za orthogonal zikuphatikizidwa ndizomwe zaposachedwa kwambiri za 5G. Chitsanzo NOMA Wi-Fi idapangidwa koyamba mu 2018 ku IITP RAS (kachiwiri, musaganize kuti ndi PR). Izi zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 30-40%. Ubwino wa teknoloji yopangidwa ndi kugwirizanitsa kwake kumbuyo: mmodzi mwa olandira awiriwo akhoza kukhala chipangizo chachikale chomwe sichigwirizana ndi Wi-Fi 7. Kawirikawiri, vuto la kugwirizanitsa kumbuyo ndilofunika kwambiri, popeza zipangizo za mibadwo yosiyana zimatha kugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi. pa netiweki ya Wi-Fi. Pakalipano, magulu angapo padziko lonse lapansi akuwunika momwe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito NOMA ndi MU-MIMO ikuyendera, zomwe zotsatira zake zidzatsimikizira tsogolo la njirayo. Tikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito pachithunzichi: mtundu wake wotsatira udzawonetsedwa pamsonkhano wa IEEE INFOCOM mu Julayi 2020.
7. Pomaliza, luso lina lofunikira, koma ndi tsoka losadziwika bwino kugwirizanitsa ntchito za malo olowera. Ngakhale mavenda ambiri ali ndi owongolera awo apakati pamanetiweki a Wi-Fi, kuthekera kwa oyang'anira otere nthawi zambiri kumangokhala pakusintha kwanthawi yayitali komanso kusankha njira. Komiti yoyezetsa ikukambirana za mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa malo oyandikana nawo, omwe akuphatikiza ndondomeko yolumikizirana, kuwongolera, komanso kugawa makina a MIMO. Njira zina zomwe zikuganiziridwa zimagwiritsa ntchito kuletsa kusokoneza motsatizana (mofanana ndi NOMA). Ngakhale njira zolumikizirana za 11be sizinakhazikitsidwebe, palibe kukayikira kuti muyezowu udzalola malo ofikira kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi njira zopatsirana wina ndi mnzake kuti achepetse kusokonezana. Zina, njira zovuta kwambiri (monga kugawidwa kwa MU-MIMO) zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzigwiritsa ntchito muyeso, ngakhale kuti mamembala ena a gululo atsimikiza kutero mkati mwa Kutulutsidwa 2. Mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira zake, tsogolo la njira zogwirizanitsa malo olowera. sizikudziwika. Ngakhale zitaphatikizidwa muyeso, sizingafike pamsika. Zomwezi zidachitika kale poyesa kubweretsa njira zotumizira ma Wi-Fi pogwiritsa ntchito mayankho monga HCCA (11e) ndi HCCA TXOP Negotiation (11be).

Mwachidule, zikuwoneka kuti malingaliro ambiri okhudzana ndi magulu asanu oyambirira adzakhala mbali ya Wi-Fi 7, pamene malingaliro okhudzana ndi magulu awiri omaliza amafunika kufufuza kwakukulu kuti atsimikizire kuti akugwira ntchito.

Zambiri zaukadaulo

Zambiri zaukadaulo za Wi-Fi 7 zitha kuwerengedwa apa (m'Chingerezi)

Source: www.habr.com