Mtundu wachinayi wa OpenShift udatulutsidwa posachedwa. Mtundu wapano wa 4.3 wakhala ukupezeka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Januware ndipo zosintha zonse zomwe zilimo mwina ndi zatsopano zomwe sizinali mu mtundu wachitatu, kapena kusintha kwakukulu kwa zomwe zidawoneka mu mtundu 4.1. Chilichonse chomwe tikuuzani tsopano chiyenera kudziwidwa, kumvetsetsa ndikuganiziridwa ndi omwe amagwira ntchito ndi OpenShift ndikukonzekera kusintha mtundu watsopano.
Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa OpenShift 4.2, Red Hat yapangitsa kugwira ntchito ndi Kubernetes kukhala kosavuta. Zida zatsopano ndi mapulagini awonekera popanga zotengera, mapaipi a CI/CD ndi ma seva opanda ma seva. Zatsopano zimapatsa opanga mwayi woti azingoyang'ana zolemba, osati kuchita ndi Kubernetes.
Kwenikweni, ndi chiyani chatsopano mumitundu ya OpenShift 4.2 ndi 4.3?
Kusunthira kumtambo wosakanizidwa
Pokonzekera njira yatsopano ya IT kapena popanga mawonekedwe a IT omwe alipo, makampani akuganizira kwambiri njira yamtambo yoperekera zothandizira za IT, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mitambo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za opereka mitambo. Chifukwa chake, zida zamakono za IT zikumangidwa mochulukira molingana ndi mtundu wa "hybrid" wamtambo, pomwe zida zonse zomwe zili pamalopo komanso zida zamtambo zapagulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kasamalidwe wamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Red Hat OpenShift 4.2 idapangidwa mwapadera kuti ikhale yosavuta kusinthira ku mtundu wosakanizidwa wamtambo ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kulumikiza zothandizira kuchokera kwa othandizira monga AWS, Azure ndi Google Cloud Platform kupita kumagulu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitambo yachinsinsi pa VMware ndi OpenStack.
Njira yatsopano yoyika
Mu mtundu 4, njira yoyika OpenShift yasintha. Red Hat imapereka chida chapadera poyika gulu la OpenShift - openshift-install. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fayilo imodzi ya binary yolembedwa mu Go. Openshit-installer imakonza fayilo yaml yokhala ndi masinthidwe ofunikira kuti atumizidwe.
Pakukhazikitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamtambo, muyenera kufotokoza zambiri za gulu lamtsogolo: DNS zone, kuchuluka kwa node za ogwira ntchito, zoikamo zapadera za opereka mtambo, zambiri za akaunti yofikira wopereka mtambo. Pambuyo pokonzekera fayilo yokonzekera, gululo likhoza kutumizidwa ndi lamulo limodzi.
Mukayika pazida zanu zamakompyuta, mwachitsanzo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mtambo wachinsinsi (vSphere ndi OpenStack zimathandizidwa) kapena mukayika pa maseva opanda zitsulo, mudzafunika kukonza pamanja - kukonza makina ocheperako kapena maseva akuthupi amafunikira kuti apange gulu la Control Plane, sinthani mautumiki apaintaneti. Pambuyo pakukonzekera uku, gulu la OpenShift likhoza kupangidwa mofananamo ndi lamulo limodzi la pulogalamu ya openshift-installer.
Zosintha zamagulu
Kuphatikiza kwa CoreOS
Kusintha kofunikira ndikuphatikizana ndi Red Hat CoreOS. Red Hat OpenShift master node tsopano akhoza kugwira ntchito okha pa OS yatsopano. Iyi ndi pulogalamu yaulere yochokera ku Red Hat yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipange mayankho otengera. Red Hat CoreOS ndi Linux yopepuka yokonzedwa kuti igwiritse ntchito zotengera.
Ngati mu 3.11 makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi OpenShift analipo padera, ndiye kuti mu 4.2 amagwirizana kwambiri ndi OpenShift. Tsopano ichi ndi chipangizo chimodzi - zosasinthika zomangamanga.
Kwa magulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito RHCOS pama node onse, kukweza OpenShift Container Platform ndi njira yosavuta komanso yodzipangira yokha.
M'mbuyomu, kuti musinthe OpenShift, mumayenera kusintha kachitidwe kamene kamakhalapo (panthawiyo, Red Hat Enterprise Linux). Pokhapokha pomwe OpenShift ingasinthidwe pang'onopang'ono, node ndi node. Panalibe zokambitsirana zilizonse zongochitika zokha.
Tsopano, popeza OpenShift Container Platform imayendetsa bwino machitidwe ndi mautumiki pa node iliyonse, kuphatikizapo OS, ntchitoyi imathetsedwa mwa kukanikiza batani kuchokera pa intaneti. Pambuyo pake, wogwiritsa ntchito wapadera amayambitsidwa mkati mwa gulu la OpenShift, lomwe limayendetsa ndondomeko yonse yosinthika.
CSI yatsopano
Kachiwiri, CSI yatsopano ndiyowongolera mawonekedwe osungira omwe amakulolani kulumikiza machitidwe osiyanasiyana osungira kunja ku gulu la OpenShift. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha operekera madalaivala osungira OpenShift amathandizidwa kutengera madalaivala osungira omwe amalembedwa ndi opanga makina osungira okha. Mndandanda wathunthu wamadalaivala a CSI othandizidwa angapezeke mu chikalata ichi: . Pamndandandawu mutha kupeza mitundu yonse yayikulu yama disk arrays kuchokera kwa opanga otsogola (Dell / EMC, IBM, NetApp, Hitachi, HPE, PureStorage), mayankho a SDS (Ceph) ndi kusungirako mitambo (AWS, Azure, Google). OpenShift 4.2 imathandizira madalaivala a CSI a mtundu wa CSI 1.1.
RedHat OpenShift Service Mesh
Kutengera ndi ma projekiti a Istio, Kiali ndi Jaeger, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, kuwonjezera pa ntchito zanthawi zonse zofunsira zopempha pakati pa mautumiki, zimalola kutsata kwawo ndikuwonera. Izi zimathandiza opanga kulumikizana mosavuta, kuyang'anira, ndi kuyang'anira pulogalamu yomwe yayikidwa mkati mwa Red Hat OpenShift.
Kuwona kwa pulogalamu yokhala ndi kamangidwe ka microservice pogwiritsa ntchito Kiali
Kuti muchepetse kuyika, kukonza, ndi kuyang'anira moyo wa Service Mesh momwe mungathere, Red Hat OpenShift imapatsa oyang'anira ntchito yapadera, Service Mesh Operator. Uyu ndi wogwiritsa ntchito Kubernetes yemwe amakulolani kuti muyikenso mapaketi a Istio, Kiali ndi Jaeger okonzedwanso pagulu, kukulitsa kulemedwa kwa oyang'anira pakuwongolera mapulogalamu.
CRI-O m'malo mwa Docker
Docker yokhazikika yachidebe chokhazikika yasinthidwa ndi CRI-O. Zinali zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito CRI-O kale mu mtundu 3.11, koma mu 4.2 idakhala yayikulu. Osati zabwino kapena zoipa, koma chinachake kukumbukira pamene ntchito mankhwala.
Othandizira ndi kutumiza ntchito
Othandizira ndi gulu latsopano la RedHat OpenShift, lomwe linawonekera mu mtundu wachinayi. Ndi njira yoyika, kutumiza, ndikuwongolera pulogalamu ya Kubernetes. Itha kuganiziridwa ngati pulogalamu yowonjezera yamapulogalamu omwe amayikidwa muzotengera, moyendetsedwa ndi Kubernetes API ndi zida za kubectl.
Ogwiritsa ntchito a Kubernetes amathandizira kukhazikitsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi makonzedwe ndi kuwongolera kwa moyo wa ntchito yomwe mumatumiza ku tsango lanu. Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa amatha kusintha zosintha, zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi makulitsidwe a pulogalamuyo, kusintha masinthidwe, ndi zina. Mndandanda wathunthu wa ogwira ntchito angapezeke pa .
OperatorHub imapezeka mwachindunji kuchokera pa intaneti ya kasamalidwe koyang'anira. Ndi chikwatu chogwiritsira ntchito OpenShift chosungidwa ndi Red Hat. Iwo. onse ogwira ntchito ovomerezeka a Red Hat adzaphimbidwa ndi chithandizo cha ogulitsa.
OperatorHub portal mu OpenShift management console
Chithunzi cha Universal base
Ndi gulu lokhazikika la zithunzi za RHEL OS zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapulogalamu anu okhala ndi zotengera. Pali zochepa, zokhazikika komanso zonse. Amatenga malo ochepa kwambiri ndikuthandizira maphukusi onse ofunikira ndi zilankhulo zamapulogalamu.
CI/CD Zida
Mu RedHat OpenShif 4.2, zidakhala zotheka kusankha pakati pa Jenkins ndi OpenShift Pipelines kutengera Tekton Pipelines.
Mapaipi a OpenShift amachokera ku Tekton, yomwe imathandizidwa bwino ndi Pipeline pamene Code ndi GitOps ikuyandikira. Mu mapaipi a OpenShift, sitepe iliyonse imayenda mu chidebe chake, kotero zothandizira zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pamene sitepe ikuchitika. Izi zimapereka omanga kuwongolera kwathunthu pamapaipi operekera ma module, mapulagini, ndi kuwongolera kolowera popanda seva yapakati ya CI/CD yoyang'anira.
Mapaipi a OpenShift pakali pano ali mu Chiwonetsero cha Wopanga Mapulogalamu ndipo amapezeka ngati wogwiritsa ntchito pagulu la OpenShift 4. Inde, ogwiritsa ntchito OpenShift atha kugwiritsabe ntchito Jenkins pa RedHat OpenShift 4.
Zosintha Zowongolera Madivelopa
Mu 4.2 OpenShift, mawonekedwe apaintaneti asinthidwa kotheratu kwa onse opanga ndi oyang'anira.
M'matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu a OpenShift, aliyense adagwira ntchito m'magulu atatu: chikwatu chautumiki, cholembera cha administrator ndi console yantchito. Tsopano tsango lagawidwa m'magawo awiri okha - administrator console ndi developer console.
Developer console yalandira kusintha kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito. Tsopano ikuwonetsa bwino ma topology a mapulogalamu ndi misonkhano yawo. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa opanga kupanga, kutumiza, ndikuwona mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu omwe ali m'mitsuko ndi zinthu zophatikizana. Zimawathandiza kuti aziganizira kwambiri zomwe zili zofunika kwa iwo.
Malo opangira mapulogalamu mu OpenShift management console
Odo
Odo ndi chida chowongolera chowongolera chomwe chimathandizira chitukuko cha pulogalamu mu OpenShift. Pogwiritsa ntchito git push style kulankhulana, CLI iyi imathandiza omanga atsopano ku Kubernetes kupanga mapulogalamu mu OpenShift.
Kuphatikiza ndi malo otukuka
Madivelopa tsopano atha kumanga, kukonza zolakwika ndikuyika mapulogalamu awo ku OpenShift osasiya malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri, monga Microsoft Visual Studio, JetBrains (kuphatikiza IntelliJ), Eclipse Desktop, ndi zina zambiri.
Red Hat OpenShift Deployment yowonjezera kwa Microsoft Azure DevOps
Red Hat OpenShift Deployment yowonjezera ya Microsoft Azure DevOps yatulutsidwa. Ogwiritsa ntchito chida ichi cha DevOps tsopano atha kutumiza mapulogalamu awo ku Azure Red Hat OpenShift kapena gulu lina lililonse la OpenShift mwachindunji kuchokera ku Microsoft Azure DevOps.
Kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wachitatu kupita wachinayi
Popeza tikukamba za kumasulidwa kwatsopano, osati zosintha, simungathe kungoyika mtundu wachinayi pamwamba pachitatu. Kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu XNUMX kupita ku XNUMX sikudzathandizidwa..
Koma pali nkhani yabwino: Red Hat imapereka zida zosamukira ku 3.7 mpaka 4.2. Mutha kusamutsa ntchito zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chida cha Cluster Application Migration (CAM). CAM imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera kusamuka komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yopumira.
OpenShift 4.3
Zatsopano zazikulu zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi zidawonekera mu mtundu 4.2. Zosintha zaposachedwa za 4.3 sizili zazikulu, koma pali zina zatsopano. Mndandanda wa zosintha ndi wokulirapo, nazi zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri m'malingaliro athu:
Sinthani mtundu wa Kubernetes kukhala 1.16.
Mtunduwu udakwezedwa ndi masitepe awiri nthawi imodzi; mu OpenShift 4.2 inali 1.14.
Kubisa kwa data mu etcd
Kuyambira ndi mtundu 4.3, zidakhala zotheka kubisa deta mu database ya etcd. Kubisa kukakhala kotheka, kutheka kubisa zinthu zotsatirazi za OpenShift API ndi Kubernetes API: Zinsinsi, ConfigMaps, Njira, zizindikiro zolowera, ndi chilolezo cha OAuth.
Helm
Thandizo lowonjezera la Helm version 3, woyang'anira phukusi wotchuka wa Kubernetes. Pakadali pano, chithandizo chili ndi mawonekedwe a TECHNOLOGY PREVIEW. Thandizo la Helm lidzakulitsidwa kuti lithandizire m'mitundu yamtsogolo ya OpenShift. The helm cli utility imabwera ndi OpenShift ndipo imatha kutsitsidwa kuchokera ku cluster management web console.
Kusintha kwa Project Dashboard
Mu mtundu watsopano, Project Dashboard imapereka zambiri patsamba la polojekiti: momwe polojekiti ikuyendera, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, ndi magawo a polojekiti.
Kuwonetsa zofooka za quay mu Web console
Chowonjezera chawonjezedwa ku konsoli yoyang'anira kuti iwonetse zovuta zodziwika za zithunzi muzosungira za Quay. Kuwonetsa kusatetezeka kwa nkhokwe zam'deralo ndi zakunja kumathandizidwa.
Kupanga kosavuta kwa offline operatorhub
Pankhani yotumiza gulu la OpenShift mu netiweki yakutali, pomwe mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti uli ndi malire kapena kulibe, kupanga "galasi" la registry ya OperatorHub kumakhala kosavuta. Tsopano izi zitha kuchitika ndi magulu atatu okha.
Olemba:
Victor Puchkov, Yuri Semenyukov
Source: www.habr.com