Zatsopano mu Ubuntu 20.04

23 gawo chinachitika Kutulutsidwa kwa Ubuntu 20.04, codenamed Focal Fossa, ndiye chithandizo chotsatira (LTS) chotsatira cha Ubuntu ndipo ndikupitilira Ubuntu 18.04 LTS yotulutsidwa mu 2018.

Pang'ono ndi dzina la code. Mawu oti "Focal" amatanthauza "pakati" kapena "gawo lofunika kwambiri", ndiye kuti, amagwirizana ndi lingaliro la kuyang'ana, pakati pa katundu aliyense, zochitika, zochitika, ndi "Fossa" ali ndi muzu "FOSS" (Mapulogalamu Aulere ndi Otseguka - mapulogalamu aulere komanso otseguka) komanso mwambo wopatsa mayina a Ubuntu pambuyo potanthauza nyama. Fossa - chilombo chachikulu kwambiri chochokera ku banja la civet kuchokera pachilumba cha Madagascar.

Madivelopa akuyika Ubuntu 20.04 ngati chosinthira chachikulu komanso chopambana mothandizidwa ndi zaka 5 zikubwerazi pamakompyuta ndi maseva.

Ubuntu 20.04 inali kupitiliza koyenera kwa Ubuntu 19.04 "Disco Dingo" ndi Ubuntu 19.10 "Eoan Ermine". M'mawonekedwe apakompyuta, potsatira zomwe zachitika posachedwa, mutu wakuda wawonekera. Chifukwa chake, mu Ubuntu 20.04 pali zosankha zitatu pamutu wamba wa Yaru:

• Kuwala,
• Mdima,
• Zoyimira.

Pulogalamu ya Amazon idachotsedwanso. Ubuntu 20.04 imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu waposachedwa ngati chipolopolo chosasinthika GNOME 3.36.

Zosintha zazikulu

Ubuntu 20.04 idakhazikitsidwa ndi 5.4 kernel, yomwe idatulutsidwa pa Novembara 24, 2019. Baibuloli linayambitsa zatsopano zingapo zofunika, zomwe tikambirana pansipa.

lz4 ndi

Akatswiri opanga ma Canonical adayesa ma algorithms osiyanasiyana ophatikizira kernel ndi chithunzi cha boot ya initramfs, kuyesera kupeza kusinthanitsa pakati pa kuponderezana kwabwino kwambiri (kukula kwa fayilo yaying'ono) ndi nthawi ya decompression. Ma compression algorithm osatayika lz4 adawonetsa zotsatira zowoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo adawonjezedwa ku Ubuntu 19.10, kulola kuti achepetse nthawi zoyambira poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidatulutsidwa kale (Ubuntu 18.04 ndi 19.04). Ma algorithm omwewo adzakhalabe ku Ubuntu 20.04.

Linux Lockdown Kernel

Mbali ya Lockdown imalimbitsa chitetezo cha Linux kernel poletsa mwayi wopezeka kuzinthu zomwe zitha kuloleza kuphatikizika kwa ma code kudzera pama code omwe amawonetsedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachidule, ngakhale muzu wa superuser account sungathe kusintha kernel code. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike, ngakhale akaunti ya mizu ikasokonekera. Choncho, chitetezo chonse cha machitidwe opangira ntchito chikuwonjezeka.

exFAT

Mafayilo a Microsoft FAT samalola kusamutsa mafayilo akulu kuposa 4 GB. Kuti athe kuthana ndi izi, Microsoft idapanga fayilo ya exFAT (kuchokera ku English Extended FAT - "FAT yowonjezera"). Tsopano mutha kupanga, mwachitsanzo, USB drive kupita ku exFAT pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chomangidwa exFAT file system.

WireGuard

Ngakhale Ubuntu 20.04 sichidzagwiritsa ntchito 5.6 kernel, osachepera nthawi yomweyo, imagwiritsa ntchito kale WireGuard backport mu 5.4 kernel. WireGuard ndi mawu atsopano mumakampani a VPN, kotero kuphatikiza WireGuard mu kernel imapatsa kale Ubuntu 20.04 mwayi pamtambo.

Zakonzedwa cholakwika ndi CFS quotas ndipo tsopano mapulogalamu amitundu yambiri amatha kuthamanga mwachangu. Dalaivala wawonjezedwa omwe amakulolani kuti mugwire ntchito ndi kutentha ndi ma voltage sensors a Ryzen processors.

Izi sizinthu zonse zatsopano zomwe zidawoneka mu kernel 5.4. Ndemanga mwatsatanetsatane angapezeke pa gwero kernelnewbies.org (mu Chingerezi) komanso pabwalo opennet (mu Russian).

Kugwiritsa Kubernetes

Canonical yakhazikitsa chithandizo chonse ku Ubuntu 20.04 Kubernetes 1.18 ndi chithandizo Charmed Kubernetes, Ma MicroK8s и kubeadm.

Kuyika Kubectl pa Ubuntu 20.04:

# snap install kubectl --classic

kubectl 1.18.0 from Canonical ✓ installed

Kugwiritsa ntchito SNAP

Canonical ikupitiliza kulimbikitsa mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi - snap. Izi zikuwonekeranso kwambiri pakutulutsidwa kwa Ubuntu 20.04. Ngati muyesa kuyendetsa pulogalamu yomwe sinayikidwe, ndiye kuti choyamba mudzapatsidwa kuyiyika pogwiritsa ntchito:

# snap install <package>

Kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo cha ZFS

Ngakhale Linus Torvalds mwina sangakonde ZFS, ikadali fayilo yotchuka kwambiri ndipo chithandizo choyesera chawonjezedwa ndi Ubuntu 19.10.
Ndiwosavuta komanso yosasunthika posungira deta, malo osungiramo nyumba omwewo kapena kusungirako seva kuntchito ("kunja kwa bokosi" kumatha kuchita zambiri kuposa LVM yomweyo). ZFS imathandizira kukula kwa magawo mpaka 256 quadrillion Zettabytes (kotero "Z" m'dzina) ndipo imatha kusamalira mafayilo mpaka 16 Exabytes kukula kwake.

ZFS imayang'ana kukhulupirika kwa data kutengera momwe amayikidwira pa disk. Chojambula-cholemba-cholemba chimatsimikizira kuti zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito sizimalembedwa. M'malo mwake, chidziwitso chatsopanocho chimalembedwa ku chipika chatsopano ndipo metadata ya fayilo imasinthidwa kuti iwonetsere. ZFS imakulolani kuti mupange zithunzithunzi (zojambula zamafayilo) zomwe zimatsata zosintha zomwe zasintha pamafayilo ndikusinthanitsa nawo deta kuti musunge malo a disk.

ZFS imagawira cheke ku fayilo iliyonse pa diski ndipo nthawi zonse imayang'ana momwe ilili. Ikazindikira kuti fayiloyo yawonongeka, imayesa kukonza yokha. Wokhazikitsa Ubuntu tsopano ali ndi njira ina yomwe imakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito ZFS. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za mbiri ya ZFS ndi mawonekedwe ake mubulogu Ndi FOSS.

Chabwino Python 2.X

Mtundu wachitatu wa Python unayambitsidwanso mu 2008, koma ngakhale zaka 12 sizinali zokwanira kuti mapulojekiti a Python 2 agwirizane nawo.
Kubwerera ku Ubuntu 15.10, kuyesa kudapangidwa kuti asiye Python 2, koma chithandizo chake chinapitilira. Ndipo tsopano Epulo 20, 2020 idatuluka Python 2.7.18, yomwe ili kumasulidwa kwaposachedwa kwa nthambi ya Python 2. Sipadzakhalanso zosintha za izo.

Ubuntu 20.04 sichigwirizananso ndi Python 2 ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito Python 3.8 ngati mtundu wokhazikika wa Python. Tsoka ilo, pali mapulojekiti ambiri a Python 2 omwe atsala padziko lapansi, ndipo kwa iwo kusintha kwa Ubuntu 20.04 kungakhale kowawa.

Mutha kukhazikitsa mtundu waposachedwa wa Python 2 ndi lamulo limodzi:

# apt install python2.7

Kuphatikiza pa Python 3.8, opanga amatha kusangalala ndi zida zosinthidwa zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• MySQL 8
• glibc 2.31,
• OpenJDK 11
• PHP7.4,
• Mtengo wa 5.30
• Gawo 1.14.

Zabwino 32 bits

Kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, Ubuntu sanapereke zithunzi za ISO zamakompyuta a 32-bit. Pakadali pano, ogwiritsa ntchito ma 32-bit a Ubuntu atha kukweza ku Ubuntu 18.04, koma sangathenso kukweza Ubuntu 20.04. Ndiye kuti, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito 32-bit Ubuntu 18.04, mutha kukhala nayo mpaka Epulo 2023.

Momwe mungasinthire

Kukwezera ku Ubuntu 20.04 kuchokera m'matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu ndikosavuta ngati kuponya mapeyala - ingoyendetsani malamulo awa:

# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
# sudo do-release-upgrade

Ndife okondwa kulengeza kuti Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) ikupezeka kale ngati chithunzi cha makina athu. Cloud nsanja. Pangani maziko anu enieni a IT pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu aposachedwa!

UPD: Ogwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu 19.10 azitha kukweza mpaka 20.04 tsopano, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu 18.04 azitha kukweza pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa 20.04.1, yomwe ikuyenera kutulutsidwa pa Julayi 23, 2020.

Source: www.habr.com