Hedy Lamarr sanali woyamba kukhala wamaliseche mu kanema ndikunamiza orgasm pa kamera, komanso adapanga njira yolumikizirana pawailesi yokhala ndi chitetezo kuti asatengeke.
Ndikuganiza kuti ubongo wa anthu ndi wosangalatsa kuposa maonekedwe awo.
- adatero wojambula waku Hollywood komanso woyambitsa Hedy Lamarr mu 1990, zaka 10 asanamwalire.
Hedy Lamarr - Ammayi wokongola wa 40s wa zaka zapitazi, amene anadziwika padziko lonse osati chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake owala ndi ntchito bwino zisudzo, komanso chifukwa cha luntha zake zenizeni.
Hedy, yemwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa pazithunzi ndi kukongola kwina kwa kanema wazaka za m'ma 20, Vivien Leigh (Scarlett, Wapita ndi Mphepo), adapatsa dziko lapansi mphamvu yakufalitsa mauthenga (omwe amatilola kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja ndi Wi-Fi lero).
Vivien Leigh ndi Hedy Lamarr
Moyo ndi ntchito ya mkazi wodabwitsa uyu sizinali zophweka, koma nthawi yomweyo zosangalatsa komanso zodabwitsa.
Hedy Lamarr, wobadwa Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler, adabadwa pa Novembara 9, 1914 ku Vienna, Austria, m'banja lachiyuda la woyimba piyano Gertrud Lichtwitz ndi wotsogolera banki Emil Kiesler. Amayi ake anali ochokera ku Budapest, ndipo abambo ake anali ochokera kubanja lachiyuda lomwe limakhala ku Lviv.
Kuyambira ali mwana, mtsikanayo wakopa aliyense ndi luso lake ndi luso. Anaphunzira kuvina, amapita kusukulu ya zisudzo, ankaimba piyano, ndipo msungwana wamng'onoyo adaphunziranso masamu. Popeza kuti banja linali lolemera, sipanafunike kugwira ntchito ali wamng’ono, koma mosasamala kanthu za zimenezi, Hedy anachoka kwawo kwa makolo ake ali ndi zaka 16 ndi kukalowa kusukulu ya zisudzo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ali ndi zaka 17, anayamba kuchita mafilimu, ndikumupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu 1930 mu filimu ya ku Germany "Girls in a Nightclub." Anapitiriza ntchito yake ya filimu, akugwira ntchito mu mafilimu achi German ndi Czechoslovakian.
Chiyambi cha ntchito yake chinali chopambana kwambiri, koma zaka zitatu zotsatira anali chabe mmodzi wa ambiri, Czechoslovak-Austrian filimu "Ecstasy" ndi Gustav Machaty anamubweretsera kutchuka padziko lonse. Kanema wa 1933 anali wodzutsa komanso wotsutsana.
Chiwonetsero cha mphindi khumi cha kusambira m'nyanja yamtchire kwa mphindi khumi ndi chosalakwa ndi miyezo ya m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, koma zaka zimenezo zinayambitsa mkuntho wa maganizo. M’maiko ena, filimuyo inaletsedwa ngakhale kusonyezedwa, ndipo inatulutsidwa zaka zoŵerengeka pambuyo pake ndi kuunika.
Hedy Lamarr mu filimu Ecstasy, 1933
Chisangalalo chozungulira filimuyi ndi mkwiyo wokwiyitsa wa tchalitchicho unasewera m'manja mwa wojambulayo, chifukwa cha izi adadziwika bwino. Panthawi imeneyo, chisokonezo sichinayambitsidwe ndi maliseche okha, koma ndi zochitika za chikhalidwe choyamba chofananira m'mbiri ya cinema, chomwe chinaseweredwa ndi mtsikana, chomwe chinayambitsa kutengeka kwakukulu. Pambuyo pake, wochita masewerowa adanena kuti wotsogolerayo adamubaya ndi pini yotetezera panthawi yomwe amajambula zithunzi zolaula kuti phokosolo liwoneke ngati lodalirika.
Pambuyo pa filimu yochititsa manyaziyi, makolowo adayesetsa kuti akwatire mwamsanga mwana wawo wamkazi. Mwamuna woyamba wa Hedy anali Fritz Mandl wa ku Austria, wopanga zida za miliyoni miliyoni yemwe adathandizira chipani cha Nazi ndikupanga zida za Ulamuliro Wachitatu. Pamene ankayenda ndi mwamuna wake ku misonkhano ndi misonkhano, Hedy anamvetsera mwatcheru ndipo anakumbukira zonse zomwe amunawo ananena - ndipo zokambirana zawo panthawiyo zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa ma laboratories opanga Mandl anali akugwira ntchito popanga zida zoyendetsedwa ndi wailesi za Nazi. Koma izi "zidawomberedwa" pambuyo pake.
Mwamunayo anakhala mwini wake woipa, ndipo ankachitiranso nsanje aliyense amene anakumana naye. Izo zinatha ndi mkazi wamng'ono kutsekedwa kwenikweni mu "golide khola", sangathe kuchita mafilimu, ndiyeno chabe kukumana ndi abwenzi. Iye anayesa kugula makope onse a "Ecstasy" kuchokera ku lendi ya Viennese. Ukwati woopsawo unatha kwa zaka zinayi, koma, osakhoza kupirira maganizo oterowo kwa iyemwini, mkazi wosasangalala wa wolemera ndi wamphamvu wopanga zida pakati pa usiku, atapereka kale mapiritsi ogona mdzakazi ndi kuvala zovala zake, akuthawa. kuchokera kunyumba panjinga ndikukwera sitima yapamadzi yaku Normandy.
Anasamukira ku United States chakumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo, ali m’sitima yochokera ku London kupita ku New York, anakumana ndi mkulu wa situdiyo ya MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), Louis Mayer. Lamarr analankhula Chingelezi chaching'ono, chomwe chinali chinthu chabwino, popeza adatha kusaina pangano lopindulitsa kwambiri lokhala ndi nyenyezi m'mafilimu aku Hollywood.
Pofuna kuti asapangitse mayanjano osafunika pakati pa anthu a ku America a puritanical, amatenga dzina lodziwika bwino, kubwereka kwa MGM Barbara La Marr, yemwe anali wokondedwa wa Meyer, yemwe anamwalira mu 1926 chifukwa cha mtima wosweka chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Gawo latsopano la ntchito yake likuyenda bwino. Pa ntchito yake ku Hollywood, Ammayi ankasewera mafilimu otchuka monga "Algiers" (1938, udindo wa Gabi), "Dona mu Zotentha" (1939, udindo wa Manon de Vernet), ndi filimu anatengera J. Steinbeck a "Tortilla Flat" (1942, wotsogolera . Victor Fleming, udindo wa Dolores Ramirez), "Risky Experiment" (1944), "Strange Woman" (1946) ndi filimu yopambana ya Cecil de Mille "Samson ndi Delila" (1949). Kuwonekera komaliza pa zenera anali mu filimu "The Female Animal" (1958, udindo wa Vanessa Windsor).
Ngakhale kuti panthawiyi Lamarr anakhala mayi wa ana atatu sizinasokoneze ntchito zake. Zowona, chidziŵitso chimenechi nchotsutsana m’magwero osiyanasiyana, popeza kuti mwinamwake mwana mmodzi sanali mwana wake.
Hedy adachoka ku Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer mu 1945. Pazonse, Hedy Lamarr adapeza $30 miliyoni pojambula.
Kukongola kwa Viennese kunapeza moyo ku Beverly Hills ndikusisita zigongono ndi anthu otchuka monga John F. Kennedy ndi Howard Hughes, omwe anam'patsa zida zoyesera mukalavani yake pomwe sanali kujambula. Munali m'malo asayansi awa pomwe Lamarr adapeza mayitanidwe ake enieni.
Hedy Lamarr anali mkazi wachikondi, wokonda komanso wosasinthasintha yemwe nthawi ndi nthawi ankafuna zachilendo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kuwonjezera pa okwatirana ovomerezeka, ndipo analipo asanu ndi mmodzi moyo wake wonse, Ammayi anali okonda ambiri.
Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pothawa mwamuna wake woyamba, Lamarr anakwatiwanso. Mwamuna wachiwiri anali wolemba pazithunzi komanso wopanga Gene Macri, amakonda mkazi wake mopenga, koma Hedy sanali m'chikondi ndi iye. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi mwamuna wachikondi, iye nthawi yomweyo anayamba chibwenzi ndi wosewera John Lauder ndipo anabala naye mwana (monga magwero ena amanena). Macri anavomera kuvomereza mwana wa Hedi chifukwa sakanatha kulingalira moyo wake popanda mkazi wapamwamba uyu. Komabe, patapita zaka zingapo, iye anasudzulanabe, ndipo Lamarr anayamba kukhala ndi bambo wa mwana wake John Loder, amene posakhalitsa anakhazikitsa ubale wawo.
Ukwati wachitatu wa Ammayi unatha zaka 4. Panthawi imeneyi, iye anabala Loder ana ena awiri: mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Ndipo mu 1947 ananena kuti akufuna kuthetsa banja. Pambuyo pake, maukwati ena atatu ovomerezeka adatsatira: ndi restaurateur ndi woimba Teddy Stouffer (1951-1952), oilman William Howard Lee (1953-1960) ndi loya Lewis Boyes (1963-1965).
Monga tikuonera, tsogolo la Hedy Lamarr silinali losangalatsa kwambiri. Maukwati XNUMX sanamubweretsere chimwemwe. Ubale ndi ana atatu nawonso sunali wabwino.
Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mkazi wokongola kwambiri m'mafilimu", kukongola kwa Hedy Lamarr ndi mawonekedwe ake apakompyuta zinamupangitsa kukhala mmodzi mwa zisudzo zodziwika kwambiri za nthawi yake.
Zoonadi, ntchito yochita sewero ya Lamarr inamupangitsa kutchuka, koma inali ntchito yake yasayansi yomwe inamubweretsera kusafa kwenikweni.
Monga ngati kukhala wokongola, zisudzo luso sanali kokwanira, Hedy analinso wanzeru kwambiri ndi kulenga. Iye ankadziwa bwino masamu ndipo, mwa zoyesayesa za mwamuna wake woyamba, anali wodziwa bwino za zida.
Luso lake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake zinalimbikitsidwa ndi msonkhano ndi wolemba nyimbo wa avant-garde ndi woyambitsa George Antheil. Atatha kulankhula ndi Ammayi tsiku lina, iye anazindikira kuti interlocutor wake anali wanzeru kwambiri kuposa iye ankawoneka.
Lamarr adasilira momwe amagwiritsira ntchito zida zachilendo ndi makonzedwe mu nyimbo zake ndipo ankakonda kutchera khutu ndikupanga zambiri, monga adachitira. Hedy anauziridwa ndi njira yake yogwiritsira ntchito matepi okhomedwa kangapo pa piyano yamakina, kulola kuti kusewera kusinthidwe kuchoka pa chida chimodzi kupita ku china popanda kusokoneza nyimbo (kwenikweni, “popanda kuluza ngakhale kugunda kamodzi”). Pambuyo pake, adakwanitsa kupanga luso laukadaulo la pseudo-random frequency hopping (PRFC), kuphatikiza lingaliro lomwe latchulidwalo la kugwiritsa ntchito matepi okhomedwa kuti ateteze mafunde a wailesi kuti asagwedezeke. Monga momwe kulunzanitsa bwino kwa matepi okhomedwa kumatsimikizira kupitiliza kwa nyimbo zoimbidwa pa piano zosiyanasiyana, siginecha ya wayilesi imasintha kuchokera ku tchanelo kupita kwina.
Lingaliro ili pambuyo pake linakhala chinsinsi cha mauthenga otetezeka a asilikali ndi mafoni a m'manja. Mu August 1942, iye ndi wolemba nyimbo George Antheil analandira patent nambala 2, "Secret Communication System," yomwe imalola kuti ma torpedoes aziyang'anira kutali. Phindu laukadaulo wodumphira pafupipafupi udayamikiridwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pake. Chisonkhezero cha kutulukira kumeneku chinali uthenga wonena za sitima yonyamula anthu imene inamira pa September 292, 387, pamene ana 17 anafa. Luso lake lodabwitsa mu sayansi yeniyeni linamulola kuti abweretsenso zambiri zamakono za zokambirana za zida zomwe mwamuna wake woyamba anali nazo ndi anzake.
Pamodzi ndi George, anayamba kupanga torpedo yoyendetsedwa ndi wailesi, yomwe sakanatha kuimitsa kapena kuimitsa. Lamarr adagawana lingaliro lofunikira kwambiri ndi Antheil: ngati mukulankhulana patali ndi ma torpedo omwe amawongolera pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti mdaniyo amatha kuyimitsa chizindikirocho, kupanikizana kapena kulozeranso torpedo ku chandamale china, ndipo ngati mugwiritsa ntchito kachidindo mwachisawawa pa chopatsira kuti kusintha njira kufala, ndiye Mukhoza synchronize ofanana pafupipafupi kusintha pa wolandila. Kusintha kumeneku kwa njira zoyankhulirana kumatsimikizira kusamutsa kotetezedwa kwa chidziwitso. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, manambala abodza anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa zomwe zimatumizidwa panjira zosasintha zoyankhulirana. Apa njira yopita patsogolo idachitika: kiyi yachinsinsi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira zotumizira uthenga mwachangu.
Chiwembu chochokera ku patent ya 1942. Chithunzi: Flickr / Floor, chololedwa pansi pa CC BY-SA 2.0. (Chithunzi chochokera ku patent ya 1942. Chithunzi: Flickr/Floor, chogawidwa pansi pa layisensi ya CC BY-SA 2.0.)
Lingaliro loyambirira, lomwe cholinga chake chinali kuthetsa vuto la kuthamangitsidwa kwa adani pamivi yoyendetsedwa ndi wailesi pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, lidakhudzanso kusintha ma frequency a wayilesi kuti adani asazindikire chizindikirocho. Ankafuna kupatsa dziko lawo mwayi pankhondo. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa nthawiyo poyamba udalepheretsa lingalirolo kuti lisakwaniritsidwe, kubwera kwa transistor ndi kuchepa kwake komwe kunapangitsa kuti lingaliro la Hedy likhale lofunikira kwambiri pazolumikizana zankhondo ndi zam'manja.
Komabe, asilikali a ku America adakana ntchitoyi chifukwa cha zovuta za kukhazikitsidwa kwake, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kunayamba mu 1962, kotero oyambitsawo sanalandire malipiro ake. Koma patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, patent iyi idakhala maziko olumikizirana ambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano m'chilichonse kuyambira mafoni am'manja kupita ku Wi-Fi.
"Ndizosavuta kwa ine kupanga," adatero Lamarr mu "Bombshell." "Sindiyenera kuganiza za malingaliro, amabwera kwa ine."
Koma malinga ndi zolemba zatsopano za moyo wake, kulingalira kwaukadaulo ndiye cholowa chake chachikulu. Imatchedwa Bombshell: Nkhani ya Hedy Lamarr. Kanemayo akuwonetsa patent yomwe Lamarr adalemba paukadaulo wodumphira pafupipafupi mu 1941, kalambulabwalo woteteza Wi-Fi, GPS ndi Bluetooth. Frequency hopping sipekitiramu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wambiri womwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Chimodzi mwazoyamba ndi GPS, yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse mukamayang'ana malo omwe muli pamapu apulogalamu pa smartphone yanu. Mafoni am'manja adagwiritsanso ntchito CDMA pazizindikiro za foni, ndipo ngati mudatsitsa chilichonse pa netiweki ya 3G, mwagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo potengera zomwe Lamarr ndi Antheil adapanga. Tekinoloje yodumphadumpha pafupipafupi ili ponseponse, ndizosavuta kuzitenga mopepuka, koma zomwe zidapangidwazo zinali zoyenera kuyamikiridwa komanso kulemekezedwa chifukwa chopanga luso komanso kuchita zinthu mwanzeru.
Komabe, Lamarr sanalandire kutchuka ndi malipiro omwe amamuyenera chifukwa cha malingaliro ake. Patent, yomwe adapereka ndi woyambitsa George Antheil, adayesetsa kuteteza zida zawo zankhondo zamawayilesi omwe amatha "kudumphira" kuchokera pafupipafupi kupita kwina kuti alepheretse a Nazi kuti asazindikire ma Allied torpedoes. Mpaka lero, Lamarr kapena chuma chake sichinalandirepo khobiri kuchokera kumakampani opanga mabiliyoni ambiri omwe malingaliro ake adatsegulira njira, ngakhale asitikali aku US adavomereza poyera kuti ali ndi mwayi wodumphadumpha pafupipafupi komanso zopereka zake paukadaulo.
Ntchito ya Lamarr monga woyambitsa sizinalengedwe konse m'ma 1940. Ndiwoyang'anira kuti wotsogolera wa Bombshell komanso woyambitsa nawo Zithunzi za Reframed Alexandra Dean amakhulupirira kuti zikugwirizana ndi nkhani yopapatiza ya katswiri wa kanema m'masiku amenewo.
Pulofesa Jan-Christopher Horak, mtsogoleri wa UCLA Film and Television Archives, akunena ku Bombshell kuti mkulu wa studio ya MGM Louis B. Mayer, yemwe poyamba adasaina Lamarr ku mgwirizano wa Hollywood, adawona kuti akazi akufotokozedwa m'mitundu iwiri: iwo anali onyengerera. kapena anayenera kuikidwa pa chopondapo ndi kusimikiridwa kuchokera kutali. Pulofesa Horak amakhulupirira kuti mkazi yemwe ali wachigololo komanso wokoma sizinali zomwe Mayer anali wokonzeka kuvomereza kapena kupereka kwa omvera.
Kupambana kwaukadaulo kodabwitsa kumeneku, kuphatikiza ndi luso lake lochita masewera komanso khalidwe la nyenyezi, kunapangitsa "mkazi wokongola kwambiri mufilimuyi" kukhala mmodzi mwa akazi okondweretsa komanso anzeru kwambiri pamakampani opanga mafilimu.
“Louis B. Mayer anagawa dziko kukhala mitundu iwiri ya akazi: Madonna ndi hule. Sindikuganiza kuti adakhulupirira kuti anali china chilichonse kupatula omaliza, "akutero Horak mufilimuyi, ponena za Lamarr.
Dr Simon Naik, Wapampando wa Branding ku ESSEC Business School ku Paris ndi Fellow wakale ku Harvard Business School, amavomereza kuti Hollywood pigeonholes akazi. Dr. Naik amaphunzitsa Power Brand Anthropology ku ESSEC ndipo ndi katswiri wogwiritsa ntchito ma archetypes achikazi pakutsatsa komanso media.
Malinga ndi Dr. Naik, akazi amaikidwa m'gulu la mitundu itatu ya archetypes: mfumukazi yamphamvu ndi yanzeru, mwana wamfumu wonyengerera, kapena femme fatale, zomwe ndizophatikiza zonse ziwiri. Akuti ma archetypes awa adachokera ku nthano zachi Greek ndipo amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kuwonetsa akazi pazofalitsa ndi zotsatsa. Dr. Nick akunena kuti "femme fatale" ndi gulu lomwe wotulukira wokongola, wanzeru Lamarr amalowamo, ndikuti akazi amitundumitundu nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati oopsa kwambiri.
"Mkazi wamphamvu, wachigololo, koma wanzeru ... Izi ndizowopsa kwambiri kwa anyamata ambiri," akutero Dr. Naik. "Ukungosonyeza kufooka kwathu."
Dr. Naik akunena kuti mbiri yakale, amayi adayikidwa muzofalitsa mkati mwachikale, mafelemu amtundu umodzi opangidwa kuchokera kumaganizo a amuna. Mkati mwadongosololi, azimayi aluso monga Lamarr nthawi zambiri amangoonedwa kuti ndi ofunika chifukwa cha thupi lawo osati chifukwa cha luso lawo loganiza, kupanga ndi kupanga. Uthenga uwu wokhudza kulumala kwa amayi ukuyembekezeka kufikira anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
“Mkhalidwe wa akazi uli pafupifupi wofanana ndi wa zoseŵeretsa,” akutero Dr. Naik. “Iwo alibe ufulu wovota. Ndipo ndilo vuto lenileni.”
Choncho, Dr. Nick sakudabwa kuti ntchito zamalonda za Lamarr popanga ndi kuwongolera mafilimu sizinathandizidwe m'ma 1940. Kapena kuti zidatenga zaka zambiri kuti nkhani ya Lamar isinthe kuti imupatse ulemu womwe umayenera kukhala womuyambitsa.
Mwana wamkazi wa Lamarr, Denise Loder, amanyadira ndi malingaliro opanga amayi ake komanso ntchito yomwe wagwira pa nthawi yonse ya ntchito yake kuti athetse malire a momwe amayi amawaonera. Amanenanso kuti amayi ake anali m'modzi mwa azimayi oyamba kukhala ndi kampani yopanga komanso kusimba nkhani zachikazi.
"Anali patsogolo kwambiri pa nthawi yake pamene adakhala wokonda zachikazi," akutero Loder mu Bombshell.
("Bombshell"). "Sanatchulidwepo choncho, koma analidi."
Zinatenga nthawi yayitali, koma Lamarr ndi Antheil tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi omwe adayambitsa maulendo afupipafupi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale Wi-Fi, Bluetooth ndi GPS. Mu 1997, Lamarr atakwanitsa zaka 82, bungwe la Electronic Frontier Foundation linamulemekeza ndi mphoto ziwiri.
Lamarr sanaganize ndipo sanadzione ngati wanzeru kuposa omwe anali pafupi naye. M’malo mwake, maganizo ake ndi mmene amaonera zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa moyo wake ndi zimene zimamusiyanitsa ndi ena. Anafunsa mafunso. Ankafuna kuwongolera zinthu. Anaona mavuto ndipo anadziwa kuti afunika kuthetsedwa. Anthu ena m’moyo wake ankaona zimenezi kukhala maganizo olakwika, ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamudzudzula chifukwa chokhala nyenyezi yovuta. Koma Lamarr anachita zomwe ankafuna, choncho anapambana. Ndipo anapambana bwanji? Monga momwe adanenera mu Popcorn m'Paradaiso: Ndapambana chifukwa ndinaphunzira zaka zapitazo kuti munthu amene amaopa kutaya ndalama amataya nthawi zonse. Sindisamala, ndichifukwa chake ndimapambana.
Anamwalira patapita zaka zitatu.
Chaka chatha, Digital Entertainment Group, bungwe la ku America lomwe limathandizira ndi kulimbikitsa nsanja zachisangalalo, linapatsa Geena Davis Mphotho ya Hedy Lamarr chifukwa cha luso lazosangalatsa pazantchito zake pankhani za jenda ndi media. Mphothoyi imazindikira amayi omwe athandizira kwambiri pazasangalalo ndiukadaulo.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Lamarr anali mutu wa Google Doodle.
Choncho ngati mukuwerenga pa foni yanu, ganizirani za mayi amene anathandiza kuti zichitike.
Kukangana kwa Hedy komanso kusagwirizana ndi anthu onse aku Hollywood ndipo zidamupangitsa kukhala wosapambana m'magulu amafilimu. Lamarr adasewera mafilimu mpaka 1958, kenako adaganiza zopumira nthawi yayitali. Panthawiyi, adalembanso mbiri yake, Ecstasy and Me, ndi wolemba mafilimu Leo Guild ndi mtolankhani Cy Rice. Bukuli, lofalitsidwa mu 1966, linali lopweteka pa ntchito ya Ammayi.
Ntchitoyi inanena kuti mtsikanayo amadwala nymphomania komanso amagonana ndi amuna ndi akazi. Izi zinayambitsa kutsutsidwa koopsa pakati pa anthu aku Hollywood. Woyambitsayo anakana zidutswa zonse zonyansa za bukhuli, ponena kuti iwo adawonjezedwa mwachinsinsi ndi olemba anzawo, koma pambuyo pa chiwonongekocho sanapatsidwe maudindo a nyenyezi.
Zitatha izi, Ammayi wazaka 52 anayesa kubwerera pa zenera, koma analepheretsedwa ndi ndawala kuzunza anayambitsa. Khalidwe lake lokangana, laukali komanso chizolowezi chofotokozera momveka bwino malingaliro osasangalatsa okhudza Hollywood ndi makhalidwe ake adasonkhanitsa adani ambiri otchuka mozungulira wojambulayo.
Mu 1997, Lamarr adapatsidwa mphoto chifukwa cha zomwe adapeza, koma wojambulayo sanapite nawo pamwambowo, koma adangopereka zomvetsera za mawu ake olandirira.
Hedy atakalamba, ankakhala yekhayekha ndipo sankalankhulana mwachindunji ndi aliyense, ankakonda kucheza patelefoni.
Nthawi zambiri, zaka zomaliza za Hedy Lamarr sizinali zosangalatsa kwambiri, zodzaza ndi zonyansa ndi miseche yoyipa, komanso kusungulumwa kwambiri.
Anawakhalitsa m’nyumba yosungira anthu okalamba, kumene anamwalira ali ndi zaka 86.
Wojambulayo adamwalira ku Casselberry, Florida pa Januware 19, 2000. Choyambitsa imfa ya Lamarr chinali matenda a mtima. Malinga ndi chifunirocho, mwana wamwamuna Anthony Loder anamwaza phulusa la amayi ake ku Austria, ku Vienna Woods.
Zoyenera za Hedy Lamarr ndi George Antheil zidadziwika mwalamulo mu 2014: mayina awo adaphatikizidwa ku US National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Chifukwa cha zomwe adachita komanso zomwe adachita mu kanema wawayilesi, Hedy Lamarr adalandira nyenyezi pa Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Ndipo pa tsiku lobadwa la wojambula, November 9, Tsiku la Inventor limakondwerera m'mayiko olankhula Chijeremani.
Zotsatira:
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Source: www.habr.com