Pa Habr.
В Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimatha kulandiridwa pamafunde aatali ndi aafupi zafotokozedwa. Chosangalatsanso ndi gulu la VHF, pomwe mungapezenso zosangalatsa.
Monga gawo loyamba, tiwona zizindikiro zomwe zitha kudziwitsidwa paokha pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kupitiriza kuli pansi pa odulidwa.
Mu gawo loyamba tidagwiritsa ntchito Dutch polandira mafunde aatali ndi aafupi. Tsoka ilo, palibe mautumiki ofanana pa VHF - ma frequency osiyanasiyana ndi otakata kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, omwe akufuna kubwereza zoyeserera zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa ayenera kupeza wolandila wawo; yotsika mtengo kwambiri ingadziwike. , yomwe ingagulidwe ndi $30. Wolandila uyu amakwirira mpaka 1.7 GHz, ma siginecha onse ofotokozedwa pansipa amalandiridwa pamenepo.
Choncho tiyeni tiyambe. Monga m'gawo loyamba, tiwonanso ma siginali akuchulukirachulukira.
Wailesi ya FM
Wailesi ya FM yokhayo siyingadabwe aliyense, koma tidzakhala ndi chidwi ndi RDS. Kukhalapo kwa RDS (Radio Data System) kumatsimikizira kutumiza kwa digito "mkati" chizindikiro cha FM. Mawonekedwe a siginecha ya FM atachotsedwa akuwoneka motere:
Kamvekedwe ka woyendetsa amakhala pafupipafupi 19KHz, ndipo siginecha ya RDS imafalitsidwa katatu pafupipafupi 57KHz. Pa oscillogram, ngati muwonetsa zizindikiro zonse pamodzi, zikuwoneka motere:
Pogwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwa gawo, chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri chokhala ndi 1187.5 Hz chimasungidwa apa (mwa njira, maulendo a 1187.5 Hz nawonso sanasankhidwe mwangozi - awa ndi mafupipafupi a 19 KHz toni yoyendetsa ndege yogawidwa ndi 16). Kupitilira apo, pambuyo pakusintha pang'ono-pang'ono, mapaketi a data amasinthidwa, omwe pali mitundu ingapo - kuphatikiza palemba, mwachitsanzo, mawayilesi ena amawayilesi amatha kufalitsidwa, ndipo polowa m'dera lina, wolandila amatha kuyimba ma frequency atsopano.
Mutha kulandira deta ya RDS kuchokera kumasiteshoni am'deralo pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi . Itha kulumikizidwa kudzera pa HDSDR mukasankha kusinthasintha kwa FM, kufalikira kwa ma siginecha 120KHz ndi kutsika pang'ono 192KHz, monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi.
Kenako mumangofunika kuwongolera siginechayo pogwiritsa ntchito Virtual Audio Cable kuchokera ku HDSDR kupita ku RDS Spy (muyeneranso kutchula bitrate ya 192KHz pazokonda za VAC). Ngati zonse zidachitika molondola, tiwona zidziwitso zonse za RDS, kuposa momwe wailesi yapanyumba yanthawi zonse ingasonyezere:
Kuphatikiza pa FM, mwa njira, mutha kuyikanso DAB +, ndidalankhula za izi . Izi sizikugwira ntchito ku Russia pano, koma zitha kukhala zofunikira m'maiko ena.
Mtundu wa ndege
M'mbiri, ndege zimagwiritsa ntchito matalikidwe amtundu (AM) ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana a 118-137 MHz. Zokambirana pakati pa oyendetsa ndege ndi otumiza ndege sizinasinthidwe mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo aliyense atha kuzilandira. Pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo, mawayilesi wamba otsika mtengo aku China "adakokera" pa izi - zinali zokwanira kusuntha ma oscillator akumaloko, ndipo mawonekedwewo adasuntha, ngati mutakhala ndi mwayi, kupita kumayendedwe apamwamba. Amene ali ndi chidwi ndi "zofukula zakale za digito" akhoza kuwerenga zokambiranazo za 2004. Pambuyo pake, opanga aku China adakumana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito theka ndikungowonjezera gulu la Air kwa olandila (mu ndemanga ku gawo loyamba adalimbikitsa Tecsun PL-660 kapena PL-680). Koma zowona, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, AOR, olandila Icom) ndikobwino kwambiri - ali ndi kutsika kwaphokoso (phokoso limazimitsidwa ngati palibe chizindikiro ndipo palibe kulira kosalekeza) komanso kuthamanga kwafupipafupi. kusankha.
Ndege yayikulu iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency angapo, mwachitsanzo, ndi ma frequency a Pulkovo Airport, otengedwa patsamba la radioscanner:
Mwa njira, mutha kumvera zowulutsa za zokambirana zochokera kumizinda yosiyanasiyana yaku Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk ndi ena) pa intaneti pa. .
Protocol ya digito ndiyofunikira kwa ife pamawayilesi. (Ndege Yoyankhulirana ndi Njira Yoperekera Malipoti). Zizindikiro zake zimafalitsidwa pafupipafupi 131.525 ndi 131.725 MHz (European standard, ma frequency a zigawo zosiyanasiyana ). Awa ndi mauthenga a digito okhala ndi bitrate ya 2400 kapena 1200bps; pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo loterolo, oyendetsa ndege amatha kusinthana mauthenga ndi dispatcher. Kuti mutsitse mu MultiPSK, muyenera kuyimba siginecha mu AM mode (muyenera wolandila SDR, popeza bandwidth ya siginecha ndi yopitilira 5 KHz) ndikuwongoleranso mawuwo pogwiritsa ntchito Virtual Audio Card.
Chotsatira chikuwonetsedwa mu skrini.
Mtundu wa siginecha wa ACRS ndiwosavuta ndipo utha kuwonedwa mu SA Free. Kuti muchite izi, ingotsegulani kachidutswa kojambulira, ndipo tiwona kuti "mkati" kujambula kwa AM kumakhaladi kusinthasintha pafupipafupi.
Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chowunikira pafupipafupi pojambulira, titha kupeza mosavuta mtsinje. M'moyo weniweni, sizingatheke kuti muzichita izi, chifukwa ... mapulogalamu okonzeka a ACRS decoding adalembedwa kalekale.
Ma satellites a NOAA
Pambuyo pomvetsera zokambirana za oyendetsa ndege, mukhoza kukwera kwambiri - mumlengalenga. Momwe timasangalalira ndi ma satelayiti anyengo , и , kutumiza zithunzi za padziko lapansi pa ma frequency 137.620, 137.9125 ndi 137.100 MHz. Mutha kuzindikira chizindikirocho pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyo .
Chithunzi cholandilidwa chikhoza kuwoneka chonchi (chithunzi kuchokera patsamba la radioscanner):
Tsoka ilo (simungapusitse malamulo afizikiki, ndipo Dziko Lapansi ndi lozungulira, ngakhale kuti si aliyense amene amakhulupirira), mumatha kulandira chizindikiro cha satellite pamene chikuwulukira pa ife, ndipo ndegezi sizikhala ndi nthawi yabwino komanso nthawi zonse. pamwamba pa chizimezime. Poyamba, kuti mudziwe nthawi, tsiku ndi nthawi ya ndege yapafupi, munayenera kukhazikitsa pulogalamuyo (pulogalamu yanthawi yayitali yomwe idakhalapo kuyambira 2001), tsopano ndiyosavuta kuyipanga pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito maulalo. , и motero.
Chizindikiro cha satellite ndi chokweza kwambiri ndipo chimamveka kuchokera pafupifupi mlongoti uliwonse ndi wolandila aliyense. Koma kuti mulandire chithunzi chabwino, mlongoti wapadera ndi maonekedwe abwino a pachimake ndi zofunikabe. Amene ali ndi chidwi akhoza kuwonera kapena kuwerenga . Ine ndekha, sindinakhalepo ndi kuleza mtima kuti ndimalize ntchitoyo, koma ena angakhale ndi mwayi wabwinoko.
Mauthenga a FLEX/POCSAG Paging
Sindikudziwa ngati kuyankhulana kwa paging kumagwirabe ntchito kwa makasitomala amakampani ku Russia, koma ku Ulaya kumagwira ntchito mokwanira, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ozimitsa moto, apolisi ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana.
Mutha kulandira ma sigino a FLEX ndi POCSAG pogwiritsa ntchito HDSDR ndi Virtual Audio Cable; pulogalamuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula. . Zinalembedwa kale mu 2004, ndipo mawonekedwewo ali ndi ofanana, koma chodabwitsa, akugwirabe ntchito bwino.
Palinso multimon-ng decoder yomwe imayenda pansi pa Linux, magwero ake alipo . Panalinso nkhani ina yokhudzana ndi POCSAG transmission protocol; omwe ali ndi chidwi amatha kuwerenga .
Ma key fobs / ma switch opanda waya
Ngakhale apamwamba pafupipafupi, pa 433 MHz, pali khamu lonse la zipangizo zosiyanasiyana - zosinthira opanda zingwe ndi sockets, mabelu pakhomo, galimoto matayala kuthamanga masensa, etc.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zida zachi China zotsika mtengo zokhala ndi kusintha kosavuta. Palibe kubisa, ndipo nambala yosavuta ya binary imagwiritsidwa ntchito (OOK - on-off keying). Kufotokozera kwa zizindikiro zotere kunakambidwa mu . Titha kugwiritsa ntchito decoder yopangidwa kale ya rtl_433, yomwe mutha kutsitsa .
Poyambitsa pulogalamuyi, mukhoza kuona zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo (ngati pali malo oimikapo magalimoto pafupi) fufuzani, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa matayala a galimoto ya mnansi. Pali lingaliro lochepa pa izi, koma kuchokera kumalingaliro a masamu, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri - ma protocol azizindikirozi ndi osavuta kuzindikira.
Mwa njira, iwo omwe amagula ma switch opanda zingwe oterowo ayenera kukumbukira kuti samatetezedwa mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo mwachidziwitso, woyandikana naye wowononga, ngati ali ndi HackRF kapena chipangizo chofananira, atha kuzimitsa mwankhanza chimbudzi chanu pachimbudzi chanu. nthawi yosayenera kapena kuchita zofanana. Payekha, sindikuvutitsa, koma ngati nkhani yachitetezo ili yoyenera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu komanso zamtengo wapatali zokhala ndi makiyi athunthu ndi kutsimikizika (Z-Wave, Philips Hue, etc.).
TETRA
(Terrestrial Trunked Radio) ndi njira yolumikizirana pawailesi yamakampani yomwe ili ndi kuthekera kochulukirapo (mayimbidwe amagulu, kubisa, kuphatikiza maukonde angapo, ndi zina). Ndipo zizindikiro zake, ngati sizinasinthidwe, zitha kulandiridwanso pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ndi wolandila SDR.
Dekoda ya TETRA ya Linux chinalipo , koma kukhazikitsidwa kwake kunali kocheperako, ndipo pafupifupi chaka chapitacho wopanga mapulogalamu waku Russia adapanga pa SDR#. Tsopano ntchitoyi itha kuthetsedwa pafupifupi kudina kawiri; pulogalamuyi imakupatsani mwayi wowonetsa zambiri zamakina, kumvera mauthenga amawu, kusonkhanitsa ziwerengero, ndi zina zambiri.
Pulogalamu yowonjezera sichimakwaniritsa zonse zomwe zili muyeso, koma ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimagwira ntchito mocheperapo.
Malinga ndi Wikipedia, Tetra ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu ma ambulansi, apolisi, mayendedwe a njanji, etc. Sindikudziwa za kugawa kwake ku Russia (zikuwoneka kuti Tetra network idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa World Cup 2018, koma izi sizolondola). aliyense akhoza kudzifufuza yekha - Zizindikiro za Tetra zimazindikirika mosavuta, ndipo zimakhala ndi m'lifupi mwake 25KHz, monga momwe zikuwonekera pazithunzi.
Zachidziwikire, ngati kubisa kumalumikizidwa pa netiweki (Tetra ili ndi zinthu zotere), pulogalamu yowonjezera siyigwira ntchito - m'malo mwa mawu padzakhala "kugwedeza".
ADSB
Kukwera kwambiri pafupipafupi, ma frequency a 1.09GHz amatumiza ma siginecha kuchokera kwa ma transponder a ndege, kulola masamba ngati FlightRadar24 kuwonetsa ndege zomwe zikudutsa. Protocol iyi idakambidwa kale, kotero sindingabwereze pano (nkhaniyo ndi yayitali kale), omwe akufuna atha kuwerenga. и magawo.
Pomaliza
Monga mukuwonera, ngakhale ndi wolandila $ 30 mutha kupeza zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa pamlengalenga. Sindikutsimikiza kuti zonse zomwe zalembedwa apa, ndipo mwina ndaphonya china chake kapena sindikudziwa. Omwe ali ndi chidwi atha kuyesa okha - iyi ndi njira yabwino yomvetsetsa mfundo yoyendetsera dongosolo linalake.
Sindinaganizirepo zamawayilesi amateur, ngakhale VHF nayonso ili nayo, koma nkhaniyo ikadali yokhudza kulumikizana kwautumiki.
PS: Makamaka kwa Zingadziŵike kuti palibe chinsinsi chenicheni chomwe chafalitsidwa poyera kwa zaka pafupifupi 50, kotero kuchokera pamalingaliro a "izi" sikuyenera kuwononga nthawi ndi ndalama. Koma kuchokera kumalingaliro akuphunzira mfundo zoyankhulirana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a uinjiniya, kudziwana ndi ntchito yeniyeni ya ma network enieni kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kophunzitsa.
Source: www.habr.com
