Chifukwa chake, gulu lanu lamaliza mtundu wa alpha wa blockchain yanu, ndipo ndi nthawi yoyambitsa testnet kenako mainnet. Muli ndi blockchain yeniyeni, ndi otenga nawo mbali pawokha, chitsanzo chabwino chazachuma, chitetezo, mwapanga utsogoleri ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi yoti muyese zonsezi. M'dziko labwino la crypto-anarchic, mumayika chipika cha genesis pa intaneti, code yomaliza ya node ndi ovomerezeka okha amatsegula chirichonse, kukweza mautumiki onse othandizira, ndipo zonse zimachitika zokha. Koma izi zili m'dziko lopeka, koma m'dziko lenileni, gulu liyenera kukonzekera mapulogalamu ambiri othandizira ndi njira zingapo zothandizira ovomerezeka kukhazikitsa maukonde okhazikika. Izi ndi zomwe nkhaniyi ikunena.
Kukhazikitsa maukonde kutengera "umboni-wa-mtengo" mgwirizano wamtundu, pomwe ovomerezeka amatsimikiziridwa ndi mavoti a omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za dongosolo, ndizochitika zenizeni, chifukwa ngakhale kuyambitsa machitidwe achikhalidwe, omwe amayendetsedwa pakati ndi ma seva makumi ndi mazana sikophweka. ntchito yokha, ndipo blockchain iyenera kuyambika ndi khama otenga nawo mbali okhulupirika koma odziyimira pawokha. Ndipo, ngati mu bungwe, poyambitsa, olamulira ali ndi mwayi wokwanira kumakina onse, zipika, kuyang'anira zonse, ndiye kuti ovomerezeka sangalole kuti aliyense apeze ma seva awo ndipo, mwinamwake, angakonde kumanga zomangamanga zawo mopanda pake, chifukwa amawongolera mwayi wopeza. kuzinthu zazikulu za validator - stake voters. Ndi khalidwe ili lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kupanga maukonde otetezedwa - kudziyimira pawokha kwa opereka mtambo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma seva enieni ndi "baremetal", makina ogwiritsira ntchito osiyanasiyana, zonsezi zimakulolani kuti muwononge maukonde oterowo kukhala osagwira ntchito - zosiyana kwambiri. mapulogalamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Ethereum imagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe awiri akuluakulu a node, mu Go ndi ku Rust, ndipo kuukira komwe kuli kothandiza pakukhazikitsa kumodzi sikugwira ntchito kwa wina.
Chifukwa chake, njira zonse zoyambira ndikugwiritsa ntchito blockchains ziyenera kukonzedwa m'njira yoti aliyense wovomerezeka, kapena gulu laling'ono la ovomerezeka, nthawi iliyonse amatha kutaya makompyuta awo pawindo ndikuchoka, pomwe palibe chomwe chiyenera kusweka ndipo otsalira otsalira ayenera pitilizani kuthandizira bwino maukonde ogwirira ntchito ndikulumikiza otsimikizira atsopano. Poyambitsa maukonde, pamene validator mmodzi ali ku Ulaya, wachiwiri ku South America, ndi wachitatu ku Asia, n'kovuta ndithu kukwaniritsa mgwirizano ntchito angapo angapo odziimira magulu ndi chidwi iwo monga chotsatira.
Otsimikizira
Tiyeni tiyerekeze kukhazikitsidwa kwa blockchain yamakono yongopeka (zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwa ndizoyenera blockchains kutengera banja lililonse lamakono la blockchains: Ethereum, EOS, Polkadot, Cosmos ndi ena, omwe amapereka umboni wa mgwirizano. ma blockchains awa ndi magulu ovomerezeka, omwe akuchita kukhazikitsa ma seva awo odziyimira okha omwe amatsimikizira ndikupanga midadada yatsopano, ndi kulandira mphotho zoperekedwa ndi netiweki kwa iwo omwe atenga nawo gawo pazogwirizana. mochuluka kapena mocheperapo kufika ku mgwirizano mu masekondi), kotero polojekitiyi imalengeza kulembetsa, kumene ovomerezeka amagawana zambiri za anthu okha ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kuwatsimikizira kuti adzapereka chithandizo chapamwamba pa intaneti yomwe idayambitsidwa.
Kutsimikizira ndi bizinesi yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wowunika bwino kwambiri ndalama zomwe wovomerezeka angalandire, kusamutsa mphamvu mwachangu pakati pa ma projekiti, ndipo ngati maukonde omwe adasankha apambana, wovomerezeka akhoza, ngati wochita nawo zonse mu DAO ndi munthu wodalirika, yambitsani ntchitoyo, kapena ingoperekani ntchito zabwino kwambiri zamaukadaulo kuti ziwonekere, zopeza moona mtima ndalama. Powerengera mphotho ya ovomerezeka, mapulojekiti amayesa kuganizira za mtengo wa ovomerezeka ndikupanga mphotho ya midadada kuti bizinesi iyi ikhale yopindulitsa, koma nthawi yomweyo salola ovomerezeka kuti agwetse chuma powasefukira ndi ndalama komanso kulanda ena ogwiritsa ntchito maukonde.
Bizinesi ya ovomerezeka imafuna kuwonetsetsa kulekerera kwazovuta kwambiri kwa mautumiki, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maphunziro apamwamba a devops ndi otukula komanso zida zodula zamakompyuta. Ngakhale popanda kufunikira kwa ma hashes mu maukonde a umboni wa ntchito, node ya blockchain ndi ntchito yaikulu yomwe imatenga kukumbukira kwambiri, imadya mawerengedwe ambiri, imatsimikizira, imalemba ku disk ndikutumiza deta yambiri ku intaneti. . Kusunga zipika zogulitsira ndi kutsekereza unyolo wa blockchain yokhala ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono masauzande angapo mu chipika, kusungirako 50 Gb kapena kupitilira apo ndikofunikira, ndipo pama block kuyenera kukhala SSD. Boma la blockchains lothandizira ma contract anzeru limatha kale kupitilira 64Gb ya RAM. Ma seva okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri; node ya Ethereum kapena EOS imatha kuchoka pa 100 mpaka 200 $ / mwezi. Onjezani ku izi kuwonjezeka kwa malipiro a ntchito yozungulira nthawi yozungulira ya omanga ndi ma devops, omwe panthawi yotsegulira amathetsa mavuto ngakhale usiku, popeza ovomerezeka ena amatha kupezeka mosavuta kudziko lina. Komabe, panthawi yoyenera, kukhala ndi node yovomerezeka kungabweretse ndalama zambiri (pankhani ya EOS, mpaka $ 10 patsiku).
Kutsimikizira ndi imodzi mwamaudindo atsopano a IT kwa amalonda ndi makampani; pomwe opanga mapulogalamu amabwera ndi njira zotsogola zomwe zimapatsa mphotho kukhulupirika ndi kulanga chinyengo ndi kuba, ntchito zimawoneka zomwe zimagwira ntchito yosindikiza zofunikira (mawu), kuyang'anira. (deposit slashing and kulanga cheaters ndi kusindikiza umboni wa chinyengo), misonkhano kuthetsa mikangano, inshuwalansi ndi options, ngakhale kusonkhanitsa zinyalala ndi zingakhale lalikulu msika mu machitidwe anzeru mgwirizano kumene kuli koyenera kulipira deta yosungirako.
Mavuto oyambitsa blockchain
Kutsegula kwa blockchain, komwe kunapangitsa kuti makompyuta ochokera kudziko lililonse azitha kutenga nawo mbali momasuka pa intaneti komanso kumasuka kulumikiza mwana aliyense wa script ku intaneti molingana ndi malangizo a GitHub, sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Kufunafuna chizindikiro chatsopano nthawi zambiri kumakakamiza ovomerezeka kuti "apange ndalama zatsopano poyambira," ndikuyembekeza kuti mtengowo udzakwera ndi mwayi wotaya mwamsanga ndalama zawo. Komanso, izi zikutanthauza kuti wovomerezeka wanu akhoza kukhala aliyense, ngakhale munthu wosadziwika, mukhoza kumuvotera mofanana ndi ovomerezeka ena (komabe, zidzakhala zovuta kwa munthu wosadziwika kuti adzitengere yekha mavoti okhudzidwa, kotero ife ' ndisiya nkhani zowopsa za cryptocurrencies osadziwika kwa andale) . Komabe
Gulu la polojekiti liri ndi ntchito - kuti mwanjira ina kulowa maukonde ake amene m'tsogolo angathe kuonetsetsa ntchito khola mfundo, kumvetsa chitetezo, kudziwa mwamsanga kuthetsa mavuto, kugwirizana ndi validators ena ndi kuchita zinthu pamodzi - khalidwe la izo. chinthu kwambiri zimadalira makhalidwe amenewa chizindikiro chimene ochezera maukonde ati ndalama nthawi ndi chuma. Oyambitsa okwanira, poyesa kuopsa kwake, amvetsetsa bwino kuti poyambitsa mapulogalamu a kukula uku, mudzayenera kukumana ndi zolakwika mu code ndi kasinthidwe ka node, komanso kuti kukhazikika kwa intaneti kumadalira momwe omanga ndi ovomerezeka adzathetsere pamodzi. mavuto ngati amenewa.
Gululi ndi lokonzeka kuvota pa mainnet kwa ovomerezeka aliwonse, kungodziwa kuti ndi ati, ndi ati abwino? Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri? Pafupifupi palibe amene ali nayo tsopano. Kutengera mbiri ya timu ya Linkedin? Ma devops odziwa zambiri kapena akatswiri achitetezo sangakupatseni mbiri ya Linkedin. Malinga ndi zonena muzokambirana, zolemba ndi kuthandiza ena panthawi yokonzekera? Zabwino, koma zokhazikika komanso zosalondola.
M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, chinthu chimodzi chimatsalira - chinthu chomwe chimathetsa mavuto a aliyense bwino - masewera omwe adzatha kusankha ovomerezeka abwino kwambiri, koma chinthu chachikulu ndikuyesa blockchain kuti ikhale yamphamvu ndikuyesa mayeso ankhondo athunthu. blockchain pakugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu, kusintha kwa mgwirizano, mawonekedwe ndi kukonza zolakwika. Njirayi idawonetsedwa koyamba ngati masewera ndi anyamata ochokera ku polojekiti ya Cosmos, ndipo lingaliro ili mosakayikira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokonzekerera maukonde kukhazikitsidwa kwa mainnet odalirika komanso olekerera zolakwika.
Masewera a Validators
Ndidzafotokozera masewera a ovomerezeka monga momwe tidapangira DAO.Casino (DAOBet) blockchain pogwiritsa ntchito foloko ya EOS, yomwe imatchedwa Haya ndipo ili ndi njira yolamulira yofanana - ovomerezeka amasankhidwa ndi voti kuchokera ku akaunti iliyonse, yomwe gawo la ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito povotera wovomerezeka zayimitsidwa. Akaunti iliyonse yomwe ili ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha BET pa ndalama zake ikhoza kuvotera wovomerezeka wosankhidwa ndi gawo lililonse la ndalama zake. Mavoti akufotokozedwa mwachidule ndipo ovomerezeka apamwamba amamangidwa malinga ndi zotsatira. M'ma blockchains osiyanasiyana ndondomekoyi imakonzedwa mosiyana, ndipo kawirikawiri ndi gawo ili kuti blockchain yatsopano imasiyana ndi kholo, ndipo ndiyenera kunena kuti kwa ife EOS imatsimikizira kuti "OS" mu dzina lake, timagwiritsa ntchito EOS. monga njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito mtundu wosinthidwa wa blockchain wa ntchito za DAOBet.
Ndidzalongosola mavuto aumwini ndi momwe angathetsere mkati mwa masewerawo. Tiyeni tiyerekeze maukonde omwe seva yanu ikhoza kuukiridwa poyera, komwe kuti musunge malo a validator muyenera kumalumikizana mosalekeza ndi maukonde, kulimbikitsa wovomerezeka wanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti amapanga midadada ndipo amaperekedwa kwa ovomerezeka ena pa nthawi yake, apo ayi wovomerezeka adzatayidwa pamndandanda.
Kodi kusankha opambana pamwamba?
Chofunikira chachikulu chaukadaulo pamasewerawa ndikuti zotsatira zake zitsimikizike poyera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira za masewerawa: Opambana a TOP, ayenera kupangidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi deta yomwe ingatsimikizidwe ndi aliyense. M'dongosolo lapakati, titha kuyeza "nthawi yokwanira" ya wovomerezeka aliyense ndikupereka mphotho kwa omwe anali pa intaneti kwambiri kapena adadutsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto apaintaneti. Mutha kusonkhanitsa deta pa purosesa ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira ndikulipira omwe agwira ntchito bwino. Koma kusonkhanitsa kulikonse kotereku kumatanthauza kukhalapo kwa malo osonkhanitsira, ndipo ma node onse ndi odziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kuchita momwe angafunire ndikutumiza deta iliyonse.
Choncho, yankho lachilengedwe ndiloti opambana ayenera kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku blockchain, popeza angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti awone kuti ndi validator yotani yomwe inapanga chipika ndi zomwe zinaphatikizidwamo. Tidatcha nambala iyi ma Validator Points (VP), ndipo kuwapeza ndicho cholinga chachikulu cha ovomerezeka pamasewera. Kwa ife, metric yosavuta, yotsimikizika poyera komanso yothandiza ya "zothandiza" za wovomerezeka ndi VP = chiwerengero cha midadada yopangidwa ndi wovomerezeka mu nthawi yoperekedwa.
Kusankha kosavuta kumeneku ndi chifukwa chakuti ulamuliro mu EOS umapereka kale mavuto ambiri omwe akutuluka, popeza EOS ndi wolowa m'malo mwa mibadwo itatu ya blockchains yogwira ntchito ndi zochitika zambiri mu kayendetsedwe ka maukonde ovuta, ndipo pafupifupi mavuto aliwonse ovomerezeka ndi maukonde, purosesa, diski imatsogolera ku vuto limodzi lokha - amasaina midadada yocheperako, amalandira malipiro ochepa pantchitoyo, zomwe zimatifikitsanso ku chiwerengero cha midadada yosainidwa - kwa EOS iyi ndi njira yabwino komanso yosavuta.
Kwa blockchains ena, momwe Mfundo za Validator zimawerengedwera zingasiyane, mwachitsanzo, pazogwirizana za pBFT (Tendermint / Cosmos, Aura consensus kuchokera ku Parity Substrate), pomwe chipika chilichonse chiyenera kusainidwa ndi ovomerezeka angapo, ndizomveka kuwerengera munthu wovomerezeka. siginecha osati midadada.Zingakhale zomveka kuganizira zozungulira zosagwirizana, zomwe zimawononga zinthu za ovomerezeka ena, makamaka izi zimadalira mtundu wa mgwirizano.
Momwe mungayesere zochitika zenizeni zogwirira ntchito
Ntchito ya oyambitsa ndikuyesa ovomerezeka pansi pa zochitika zomwe zili pafupi ndi zenizeni, popanda kukhala ndi ulamuliro wapakati. Vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wa faucet, womwe umagawira ndalama zofanana za chizindikiro chachikulu kwa ovomerezeka ndi wina aliyense. Kuti mulandire ma tokeni pamlingo wanu, muyenera kupanga malonda ndikuwonetsetsa kuti netiweki ikuphatikiza mu chipikacho. Choncho, kuti apambane, wovomerezeka ayenera kudzaza malire ake ndi zizindikiro zatsopano ndikudzivotera yekha, akudzikweza pamwamba. Ntchitoyi imapanga katundu wokhazikika pamanetiweki, ndipo magawo amatha kusankhidwa kuti kutuluka kwa zopempha kumakhala kokwanira mokwanira kuti muyesedwe pa intaneti. Choncho, konzani mgwirizano wa faucet pasadakhale ngati chida chofunikira poyambitsa maukonde ndikuyamba kusankha magawo ake pasadakhale.
Kupempha ma tokeni kuchokera pampopi ndi kutsimikizira mavoti sikumatsanzirabe ntchito ya mutu wankhondo, makamaka m'njira zodzaza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, gulu la blockchain liyenera kulembabe ma benchmarks owonjezera mwanjira ina kuti akweze maukonde. Udindo wapadera mu izi umaseweredwa ndi makontrakitala opangidwa mwapadera omwe amalola kuyesa kagawo kakang'ono kosiyana. Kuyesa yosungirako, pangano amasunga deta mwachisawawa mu blockchain, ndi kuyesa chuma maukonde, mgwirizano mayeso amafuna kuchuluka kwa deta athandizira, potero inflating buku la wotuluka - poyambitsa otaya wa wotuluka wotere pa mfundo mopondereza mu nthawi, gululi nthawi imodzi limayesa kukhazikika kwa code ndi mphamvu za ovomerezeka.
Nkhani ina ndikusintha ma code a node ndikuyendetsa mafoloko olimba. Ndikofunikira kuti pakachitika cholakwika, chiwopsezo, kapena kuphatikizika kwa ovomerezeka oyipa, ovomerezeka ayenera kukhala ndi dongosolo lomwe lakonzedwa kale pamasewera ovomerezeka. Apa mutha kubwera ndi njira zopezera VP kuti mugwiritse ntchito foloko yolimba mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, polipira ovomerezeka onse omwe sanatulutsepo mtundu watsopano wa node code, koma izi ndizovuta kukhazikitsa ndikusokoneza kuwerengera. Mutha kutengera zomwe zikuchitika pakagwiritsidwe ntchito mwadzidzidzi kwa foloko yolimba mwa "kuphwanya" blockchain mwachisawawa pa chipika choperekedwa. Kupanga block kuyimitsa, ndipo pamapeto pake opambana adzakhala omwe amalumphira koyamba ndikuyamba kusaina midadada, kotero VP yotengera kuchuluka kwa midadada yosainidwa ndiyokwanira bwino pano.
Momwe mungadziwitse ophunzira za momwe netiweki ilili ndikukonza zolakwika
Ngakhale kukayikirana pakati pa ovomerezeka, kulandira kwanthawi yake kwazomwe zachitika pa intaneti ndizopindulitsa kwa aliyense kuti apange zisankho mwachangu, kotero gulu la polojekiti likukweza ntchito yosonkhanitsa ndikuwona ma metric ambiri kuchokera kuma seva ovomerezeka, zomwe zimakulolani kuti muwone momwe zinthu zilili panthawi imodzi pa intaneti yonse, kukulolani kuti mudziwe mwamsanga zomwe zikuchitika. Komanso, ndizopindulitsa kwa onse ovomerezeka ndi pulojekiti yomwe gulu la polojekiti limakonza mwamsanga zolakwika zomwe zapezeka, kotero kuwonjezera pa kusonkhanitsa ma metrics, ndizomveka kuti nthawi yomweyo muyambe kusonkhanitsa zipika ndi deta yolakwika kuchokera ku makina ovomerezeka pa makina ofikira blockchain. opanga. Pano, sizopindulitsa kuti aliyense asokoneze zambiri, choncho mautumikiwa amapangidwa ndi gulu la polojekiti ndipo akhoza kudalirika. Ndizomveka kusonkhanitsa ma metrics a dongosolo kuchokera kwa ovomerezeka, ndipo, ndithudi, ma metrics ofunika kwambiri a blockchain palokha - kwa DAOBet - ndi nthawi yomaliza ndi kutsalira kwa chipika chomaliza. Chifukwa cha izi, gululi likuwona kuwonjezeka kwa kukumbukira kukumbukira pa node poyendetsa benchmark, mavuto ndi ovomerezeka payekha.
Mfundo zofunika pakuchita masewera ovomerezeka
Zikawoneka, ngati mukufuna kulola ovomerezeka kuti awononge makina a wina ndi mnzake (mosavomerezeka atha kuchita izi), muyenera kupanga izi mwalamulo ngati kuyesa kwachitetezo, chifukwa pansi pa malamulo a mayiko ena DDoS kapena kuukira maukonde kungakhale kulangidwa. Nkhani ina yofunika ndi momwe angayankhire ovomerezeka. Mphoto zachilengedwe ndi zizindikiro za polojekiti, zomwe zidzasamutsidwa ku mainnet, koma kugawa kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro kwa aliyense amene adatha kuyambitsa node si njira yabwino kwambiri. Mwachiwonekere mudzayenera kulinganiza pakati pa zosankha zazikulu ziwiri:
Gawani ndalama zonse molingana ndi VP yomwe walandira
ndi demokalase kwambiri ndipo amalola aliyense amene padera nthawi ndi chuma mu masewera validator kupeza ndalama
koma amakopa anthu mwachisawawa kumasewera popanda zida zokonzekera
Gawirani mphoto ya top-N kwa otsimikizira kutengera zotsatira zamasewera
Opambana adzakhala ovomerezeka omwe adakhala nthawi zonse nthawi yamasewera ndipo ali otsimikiza kwambiri kuti apambane.
ovomerezeka ena sangafune kutenga nawo mbali, kuwunika mwayi wawo wopambana, makamaka ngati omwe akutenga nawo mbali akuphatikizapo ovomerezeka olemekezeka.
Njira yomwe mungasankhe ili ndi inu
Pali mfundo inanso - sizowona kuti ovomerezeka ambiri amathamangira kutenga nawo mbali pamasewerawa pakuyimba kwanu, ndipo mwa iwo omwe asankha kuyesa, si onse omwe angakhazikitse ndikuyambitsa node - nthawi zambiri, pakadali pano, mapulojekiti ali ndi zolemba zochepa, zolakwika zimakumana, ndipo opanga omwe akugwira ntchito movutikira nthawi samayankha mafunso mwachangu. Choncho, musanayambe masewerawa, m'pofunikanso kupereka zochita ngati chiwerengero chofunikira cha ovomerezeka sichinafike. Pankhaniyi, kumayambiriro kwa masewerawa, ovomerezeka omwe akusowa amayambitsidwa ndi gulu la polojekiti, kutenga nawo mbali pa mgwirizano, koma sangakhale opambana.
Pomaliza
Pomaliza, ndidayesa kulemba mndandanda wazomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa, kupangidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa kuti muzichita bwino masewera ovomerezeka.
Zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti muthamangitse masewera enieni ovomerezeka:
Pangani blockchain yanu :)
- pangani ndikukweza mawonekedwe a intaneti ndikupereka CLI yovota kwa ovomerezeka
- onetsetsani kuti ma metrics ochokera kumalo ovomerezeka atha kutumizidwa ku ntchito yapakati (mwachitsanzo Prometheus)
- kwezani seva yotolera ma metrics (Prometheus + Grafana) pamasewera ovomerezeka
- onetsani momwe ma Validator Points (VP) adzawerengedwera
- pangani zolemba zapagulu zomwe zimawerengera VP yovomerezeka kutengera deta kuchokera ku blockchain
- pangani mawonekedwe a intaneti kuti muwonetse ovomerezeka apamwamba, ndi masewera a ovomerezeka (nthawi yatsala bwanji mpaka mapeto, ndani ali ndi VP yochuluka, ndi zina zotero)
- khazikitsani ndikusintha kukhazikitsidwa kwa nambala motsatizana ndi ma node anu, pangani njira yolumikizira zotsimikizira kumasewera (nthawi komanso momwe mungachotsere ma node anu, perekani ndikuchotsa mavoti awo)
- kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ma tokeni omwe akuyenera kuperekedwa ndikupanga mgwirizano wa faucet
- pangani benchmark script (kusamutsa zizindikiro, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kosungirako, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri netiweki)
- sonkhanitsani onse otenga nawo mbali pamacheza amodzi kuti mulumikizane mwachangu
- yambitsani blockchain kale pang'ono kuposa kuyamba kwa masewerawo
- dikirani chipika choyambira, yambani masewerawo
- yesani netiweki ndi mitundu ingapo ya zochitika
- tulutsani foloko yolimba
- sinthani mndandanda wa otsimikizira
- bwerezani masitepe 13,14,15, XNUMX, XNUMX m'madongosolo osiyanasiyana, kusunga bata lamaneti
- dikirani chipika chomaliza, malizani masewerawo, muwerenge VP
Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti masewera ovomerezeka ndi nkhani yatsopano, ndipo inachitika kangapo kokha, kotero musatenge malembawa ngati chitsogozo chokonzekera. Palibe ma analogue mu bizinesi yamakono ya IT - taganizirani kuti mabanki, asanakhazikitse njira yolipirira, amapikisana wina ndi mnzake kuti awone yemwe angakhale wabwino kwambiri pakugulitsa makasitomala. Njira zachikhalidwe ndizokayikitsa kukuthandizani kupanga maukonde akulu akulu, kotero dziwani mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi, yendetsani masewera anu, zindikirani oyenera, muwapatse mphotho ndikusunga makina anu ogawidwa akuyenda mwachangu komanso mokhazikika.
Source: www.habr.com