Moni, ogwiritsa ntchito a Habr! Ndikupereka kwa inu kumasulira kwa nkhaniyo β"Wolemba Robert Triggs. Zingawonekere, chifukwa chiyani wolemba woyambirira angalembe pamutuwu mu 2019, ndipo chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kumasulira ndikuyandikira 2020? Masiku ano NFC yapeza moyo wake weniweni ndipo yasiya kukhala ukadaulo wa geeky wa ma token key fobs. Tsopano awa ndi malipiro, ndipo mwina nyumba yanzeru ndi kupanga mwanzeru. Ndipo chotero, bwanji osabwereza zomwe zachitidwa, ndipo kwa ena, chinachake chatsopano?
NFC ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ukadaulo wopanda zingwe, chifukwa chopanga njira zolipirira pa intaneti monga Samsung Pay ndi Google Pay. Makamaka zikafika pazida zam'mwamba komanso ngakhale zapakatikati (mafoni a m'manja). Mwina mudamvapo mawuwa, koma NFC ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Mu gawoli tiwona chomwe chiri, momwe chimagwirira ntchito komanso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
NFC imayimira Near Field Communication ndipo, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, imathandizira kulumikizana kwakanthawi kochepa pakati pa zida zomwe zimagwirizana. Izi zimafuna chipangizo chimodzi kuti chitumize ndi china kuti chilandire chizindikiro. Zipangizo zingapo zimagwiritsa ntchito mulingo wa NFC ndipo ziziwoneka ngati zongokhala kapena zogwira ntchito.
Zida za Passive NFC zimaphatikizapo ma tag ndi ma transmitter ena ang'onoang'ono omwe amatumiza zidziwitso ku zida zina za NFC popanda kufunikira kwa gwero lawo lamagetsi. Komabe, samakonza zidziwitso zilizonse zotumizidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zina ndipo samalumikizana ndi zida zina zongochita. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikiro zolumikizana pamakoma kapena zotsatsa, mwachitsanzo.
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwira zimatha kutumiza kapena kulandira deta ndikulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, komanso ndi zida zongolankhula. Pakalipano, mafoni a m'manja ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa chipangizo cha NFC. Owerenga makhadi oyendera anthu onse ndi malo olipira pa skrini ndi zitsanzo zabwino zaukadaulo uwu.
Kodi NFC imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Tsopano tikudziwa kuti NFC ndi chiyani, koma imagwira ntchito bwanji? Monga Bluetooth, Wi-Fi ndi ma siginecha ena opanda zingwe, NFC imagwira ntchito pamfundo yotumizira uthenga pa mafunde a wailesi. Kuyankhulana kwapafupi ndi imodzi mwamiyezo yotumizira ma data opanda zingwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina kuti zizilumikizana bwino. Ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu NFC udatengera malingaliro akale a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitiromagineti kufalitsa uthenga.
Izi zikuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa NFC ndi Bluetooth/WiFi. Yoyamba ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukopa magetsi kukhala zigawo zongokhala (passive NFC), komanso kungotumiza deta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zopanda mphamvu sizifuna mphamvu zawo zokha. M'malo mwake, amathandizidwa ndi gawo lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi NFC yogwira ikafika pamlingo. Tsoka ilo, ukadaulo wa NFC sumapereka mwayi wokwanira kuti tilipirire mafoni athu, koma kuyitanitsa opanda zingwe kwa QI kumatengera mfundo zomwezi.
Ma frequency a NFC data transmission ndi 13,56 megahertz. Mutha kutumiza deta pa 106, 212 kapena 424 kbps. Izi ndizothamanga kwambiri pakusamutsa deta - kuchokera pazambiri mpaka kugawana zithunzi ndi nyimbo.
Kuti mudziwe zamtundu wanji womwe ungakhalepo pakusinthanitsa pakati pa zida, mulingo wa NFC pakadali pano uli ndi njira zitatu zogwirira ntchito. Mwina kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwa (NFC) m'mafoni am'manja kumakhala ngati njira ya anzawo. Izi zimalola zida ziwiri zothandizidwa ndi NFC kuti zisinthane zambiri. Munjira iyi, zida zonse ziwiri zimasinthana pakati pa zomwe zimagwira potumiza deta komanso kungokhala chete polandira.
Kuwerenga/kulemba ndi njira imodzi yosamutsa deta. Chipangizo chogwira ntchito, mwina foni yamakono yanu, imalumikizana ndi chipangizo china kuti muwerenge zambiri kuchokera pamenepo. Ma tag otsatsa a NFC amagwiritsanso ntchito njirayi.
Njira yomaliza yogwirira ntchito ndikutsanzira makhadi. Chipangizo cha NFC chimagwira ntchito ngati kingongole chanzeru kapena chopanda kulumikizana kuti chilipire kapena kulumikizana ndi njira zolipirira zoyendera za anthu onse.
Kufananiza ndi Bluetooth
Ndiye, kodi NFC imasiyana bwanji ndi matekinoloje ena opanda zingwe? Mutha kuganiza kuti NFC siyofunika kwenikweni, chifukwa Bluetooth ndiyofala kwambiri ndipo yakhala ikutsogolera kwazaka zambiri (ndipo, mwa njira, imapambana m'nyumba zanzeru komanso machitidwe opangira anzeru omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa). Komabe, pali kusiyana kofunikira kwaukadaulo pakati pa ziwirizi zomwe zimapatsa NFC zabwino zambiri munthawi zina. Mtsutso waukulu womwe umakomera NFC ndikuti umafunika mphamvu zochepa kuposa Bluetooth. Izi zimapangitsa kuti NFC ikhale yabwino pazida zopanda pake, monga ma tag omwe atchulidwa kale, chifukwa amagwira ntchito popanda gwero lalikulu lamagetsi.
Komabe, kupulumutsa mphamvu kumeneku kuli ndi zovuta zingapo. Makamaka, mitundu yotumizira ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa Bluetooth. Ngakhale NFC ili ndi 10 cm yogwira ntchito, mainchesi ochepa chabe, Bluetooth imatumiza deta kupitirira mamita 10 kuchokera kugwero. Choyipa china ndikuti NFC ndiyocheperako kuposa Bluetooth. Imasamutsa deta pa liwiro lalikulu la 424 kbps, poyerekeza ndi 2,1 Mbps ya Bluetooth 2.1 kapena pafupifupi 1 Mbps ya Bluetooth Low Energy.
Koma NFC ili ndi mwayi umodzi waukulu: kulumikizana mwachangu. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa inductive coupling komanso kusakhalapo pamanja pamanja, kulumikizana pakati pa zida ziwiri kumatenga zosakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a sekondi. Ngakhale Bluetooth yamakono imalumikizana mwachangu, NFC ikadali yabwino pazochitika zina. Ndipo pakadali pano, zolipira zam'manja ndi gawo lake losatsutsika.
Samsung Pay, Android Pay ndi Apple Pay amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa NFC - ngakhale Samsung Pay imagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndi ena. Ngakhale kuti Bluetooth imagwira ntchito bwino polumikiza zipangizo zotumizira / kugawana mafayilo, kulumikiza kwa oyankhula, ndi zina zotero, tikuyembekeza kuti NFC idzakhala ndi malo padziko lapansi chifukwa cha njira zamakono zolipirira mafoni.
Mwa njira, funso la Habr - kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za NFC muma projekiti anu? Bwanji?
Source: www.habr.com