Pamodzi ndi Elena Gerasimova, mkulu wa luso "Β»mu Netology tikupitilizabe kumvetsetsa momwe amalumikizirana wina ndi mnzake komanso momwe Data Scientists ndi Data Engineers amasiyanirana.
Mu gawo loyamba adanena .
M'nkhaniyi tikambirana zomwe akatswiri azidziwitso ndi luso ayenera kukhala nazo, maphunziro otani omwe olemba ntchito amawayamikira, momwe kuyankhulana kumachitikira, komanso kuchuluka kwa akatswiri opanga deta ndi asayansi a data.
Zomwe asayansi ndi mainjiniya ayenera kudziwa
Maphunziro apadera a akatswiri onsewa ndi Computer Science.
Wasayansi aliyense wa data-wasayansi wa data kapena wosanthula-ayenera kutsimikizira kulondola kwa zomwe apeza. Chifukwa cha ichi simungathe kuchita popanda chidziwitso masamu okhudzana ndi ziwerengero.
Zida zophunzirira makina ndi kusanthula deta ndizofunikira kwambiri masiku ano. Ngati zida zachizolowezi sizipezeka, muyenera kukhala ndi luso phunzirani mwachangu zida zatsopano, ndikupanga zolemba zosavuta kuti zizitha kugwira ntchito.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti wasayansi wa data ayenera kufotokozera bwino zotsatira za kusanthula. Zidzamuthandiza ndi izi mawonekedwe a data kapena zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi kuyesa kwa zongopeka. Akatswiri akuyenera kupanga ma chart ndi ma graph, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonera, komanso kumvetsetsa ndi kufotokoza zambiri kuchokera pama dashboards.
Kwa mainjiniya a data, magawo atatu amabwera patsogolo.
Ma algorithms ndi mapangidwe a data. Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale bwino polemba ma code ndikugwiritsa ntchito zoyambira ndi ma aligorivimu:
- kusanthula zovuta za algorithm,
- Kutha kulemba ma code omveka bwino, osungika,
- batch processing,
- kukonza nthawi yeniyeni.
Ma database ndi malo osungiramo data, Business Intelligence:
- kusunga ndi kukonza deta,
- kupanga madongosolo athunthu,
- Kulowetsedwa kwa Data,
- machitidwe ogawa mafayilo.
Hadoop ndi Big Data. Pali zambiri zochulukirachulukira, ndipo m'zaka zapakati pa 3-5, matekinoloje awa adzakhala ofunikira kwa injiniya aliyense. Kuphatikiza:
- Data Lakes
- ntchito ndi opereka mtambo.
Kuphunzira makina idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse, ndipo ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mavuto abizinesi omwe angathandize kuthetsa. Sikofunikira kuti muthe kupanga zitsanzo (asayansi a data amatha kuthana ndi izi), koma muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso zofunikira.
Kodi mainjiniya ndi asayansi amapeza ndalama zingati?
Ndalama ya Engineer Data
Mchitidwe wapadziko lonse lapansi malipiro oyambira nthawi zambiri amakhala $100 pachaka ndipo amawonjezeka kwambiri ndi chidziwitso, malinga ndi Glassdoor. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani nthawi zambiri amapereka zosankha zamasheya ndi 000-5% mabonasi apachaka.
Ku Russia kumayambiriro kwa ntchito, malipiro nthawi zambiri amakhala osachepera 50 zikwi rubles m'madera ndi 80 zikwi Moscow. Palibe chidziwitso china kupatula maphunziro omaliza omwe akufunika pakadali pano.
Pambuyo 1-2 zaka ntchito - mphanda 90-100 zikwi rubles.
Mphanda ukuwonjezeka 120-160 zikwi mu zaka 2-5. Zinthu monga ukadaulo wamakampani am'mbuyomu, kukula kwa ma projekiti, ntchito ndi data yayikulu, ndi zina zimawonjezeredwa.
Pambuyo pa zaka 5 zantchito, zimakhala zosavuta kuyang'ana ntchito m'madipatimenti ogwirizana kapena kufunsira maudindo apadera monga:
- Wopanga mapulani kapena wotsogolera ku banki kapena telecom - pafupifupi 250 zikwi.
- Pre-Sales kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe matekinoloje omwe mudagwira nawo ntchito kwambiri - 200 zikwi kuphatikiza bonasi yotheka (1-1,5 miliyoni rubles).
- Akatswiri pakukhazikitsa ntchito zamabizinesi a Enterprise, monga SAP - mpaka 350 zikwi.
Ndalama za asayansi a data
msika wa akatswiri a kampani ya "Normal Research" ndi bungwe lolembera anthu ntchito la New.HR likuwonetsa kuti akatswiri a Sayansi ya Data amalandira malipiro apamwamba kuposa akatswiri ena apadera.
Ku Russia, malipiro oyambira a sayansi ya data omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha chaka chimodzi amachokera ku 113 rubles.
Kutsiliza mapologalamu a maphunziro tsopano kumaganiziridwanso ngati chidziwitso cha ntchito.
Pambuyo pa zaka 1-2, katswiri wotere angathe kulandira mpaka 160 zikwi.
Kwa wogwira ntchito yemwe ali ndi zaka 4-5, mphanda ukuwonjezeka kufika 310 zikwi.
Kodi zoyankhulana zimachitidwa bwanji?
Kumadzulo, omaliza maphunziro a ntchito zantchito amakhala ndi kuyankhulana kwawo koyamba pafupifupi milungu 5 atamaliza maphunziro awo. Pafupifupi 85% amapeza ntchito pakadutsa miyezi itatu.
Njira yofunsira mainjiniya a data ndi malo asayansi ya data ndiyofanana. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magawo asanu.
Chidule. Otsatira omwe alibe chidziwitso choyambirira (mwachitsanzo, kutsatsa) akuyenera kukonzekera kalata yatsatanetsatane ya kampani iliyonse kapena kukhala ndi chidziwitso kuchokera kwa woimira kampaniyo.
Kuwunika kwaukadaulo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pafoni. Muli ndi funso limodzi kapena awiri ovuta komanso osavuta okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa abwana.
Kuyankhulana kwa HR. Zitha kuchitika pafoni. Panthawi imeneyi, wosankhidwayo amayesedwa kuti ali wokwanira komanso amatha kulankhulana.
Kuyankhulana kwaukadaulo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa munthu. M'makampani osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa maudindo patebulo la ogwira ntchito ndi kosiyana, ndipo maudindo amatha kutchulidwa mosiyana. Choncho, panthawiyi ndi chidziwitso chaumisiri chomwe chimayesedwa.
Mafunso ndi CTO/Chief Architect. Engineer ndi asayansi ndi malo abwino, ndipo kwa makampani ambiri ndi atsopano. Ndikofunikira kuti manejala azikonda yemwe angagwire naye ntchitoyo ndikugwirizana naye pamalingaliro ake.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chingathandize asayansi ndi mainjiniya pakukula kwawo pantchito?
Zida zambiri zatsopano zogwirira ntchito ndi deta zawonekera. Ndipo ndi anthu ochepa omwe ali abwino kwa aliyense.
Makampani ambiri sali okonzeka kulemba antchito opanda chidziwitso cha ntchito. Komabe, osankhidwa omwe ali ndi maziko ochepa komanso odziwa zoyambira pazida zodziwika amatha kupeza zofunikira ngati aphunzira ndikukula okha.
Makhalidwe othandiza kwa injiniya wa data ndi wasayansi wa data
Chikhumbo ndi luso la kuphunzira. Simukuyenera kuthamangitsa zomwe mwakumana nazo kapena kusintha ntchito kuti mugwiritse ntchito chida chatsopano, koma muyenera kukhala okonzeka kusinthira kudera lina.
Chikhumbo cha automate chizolowezi njira. Izi ndizofunikira osati pazogulitsa zokha, komanso kusunga deta yapamwamba komanso liwiro la kutumiza kwa ogula.
Chidwi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa "zomwe zili pansi pa hood" za njira. Katswiri yemwe ali ndi chidwi ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha njirazo amathetsa vutoli mofulumira.
Kuphatikiza pa chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri cha ma algorithms, mapangidwe a data ndi mapaipi, muyenera phunzirani kuganiza muzinthu - onani zomangamanga ndi njira zamabizinesi ngati chithunzi chimodzi.
Mwachitsanzo, ndizothandiza kutenga ntchito iliyonse yodziwika bwino ndikubwera ndi database yake. Kenaka ganizirani momwe mungapangire ETL ndi DW zomwe zidzadzaza ndi deta, ogula adzakhala otani komanso zomwe zili zofunika kuti adziwe za deta, komanso momwe ogula amachitira ndi mapulogalamu: kufufuza ntchito ndi chibwenzi, kubwereketsa galimoto. , podcast ntchito, nsanja yophunzitsa.
Maudindo a katswiri, wasayansi wa data ndi injiniya ali pafupi kwambiri, kotero mutha kusuntha kuchoka ku mbali imodzi kupita ku ina mofulumira kusiyana ndi madera ena.
Mulimonsemo, zidzakhala zosavuta kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mbiri ya IT kusiyana ndi omwe alibe. Pa avareji, akuluakulu olimbikitsidwa amabwereza ndikusintha ntchito zaka 1,5-2 zilizonse. Izi ndizosavuta kwa omwe amaphunzira pagulu komanso ndi mlangizi, poyerekeza ndi omwe amadalira magwero otseguka.
Kuchokera kwa akonzi a Netology
Ngati mukuyang'ana ntchito ya Data Engineer kapena Data Scientist, tikukupemphani kuti muphunzire maphunziro athu:
- Ntchito "".
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- Chabwino "".
Source: www.habr.com