Fallback mode (yomwe imatchedwanso IPKVM), yomwe imakulolani kuti mugwirizane ndi VPS popanda RDP mwachindunji kuchokera ku hypervisor wosanjikiza, imapulumutsa mphindi 15-20 pa sabata.
Chinthu choyamba komanso chofunika kwambiri si kukhumudwitsa anthu. Padziko lonse lapansi, chithandizo chimagawidwa m'mizere, ndipo wogwira ntchito ndiye woyamba kuyesa njira zothetsera mavuto. Ngati ntchitoyo idutsa malire awo, isamutseni ku mzere wachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa oyang'anira VDS nthawi zambiri pali anthu omwe amadziwa kuganiza. Mosiyana ndi zina zambiri zothandizira. Chabwino, makamaka nthawi zambiri. Ndipo amakonza tikiti bwino, nthawi yomweyo kufotokozera zonse zomwe zikufunika. Ngati mzere woyamba "ukasokonekera" ndikufunsani mwangozi kuti muyatse ndi kuzimitsa poyankha izi, ndi fiasco.
Ntchitoyi ndi yophweka kwambiri: kupereka chithandizo chokwanira pa kuchititsa kwathu VDS pamtengo wochepa. Chifukwa ndife chakudya chofulumira cha dziko la operekera alendo: palibe "kunyambita" kwapadera, mitengo yotsika, khalidwe labwino. Panali kale nkhani yokhudza kubwera kwa okondedwa a Instagram akuyesera kuwongolera kasamalidwe ka akaunti ndi eni mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ma account akutali ndi anthu ena omwe sali otsogola kwambiri paukadaulo, kulumikizana "monga admin kwa admin" kunasiya kugwira ntchito. Ndinafunika kusintha chinenero cholankhulirana.
Tsopano ndikuuzeni pang'ono za njirazo - komanso zamavuto osapeŵeka nawo.
Osakwiyitsa anthu #1
Thandizo lirilonse ndilopanga mzere wa msonkhano. Ntchito ikafika, wogwira ntchito pamzere woyamba nthawi yomweyo amayesa kuzindikira zomwe zachitika kale nthawi chikwi ndipo zidzachitikanso nthawi chikwi. Pali mwayi wa 90% kuti pulogalamuyo ndi yofanana, ndipo mutha kuyankha mwa kukanikiza mabatani angapo kuti template ilowe m'malo. Nthawi zambiri mumangofunika kulemba mawu angapo mu template ndipo mwamaliza. Kapena pitani ku mawonekedwe oyang'anira ndikudina mabatani angapo pamenepo. Muzochitika zovuta kwambiri (zosamutsidwa kuchokera ku zone kupita ku zone, mwachitsanzo), muyenera kutsatira ndondomekoyi.
Chimene chimakwiyitsa anthu kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu za makhalidwe ena a chithandizo, ndi momwe amachitira ndi pempho la atypical. Tikiti imafika, pamene chirichonse chikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, pali zambiri zofunika deta kwa mafunso atatu patsogolo, kasitomala akuyembekezera kukambirana ... Ndipo molingana ndi mawu oyambirira, wogwira ntchito yothandizira pa autopilot akulemba chord kuti alowe m'malo mwa template. "Yesani kuyambiranso, ziyenera kuthandiza."
Izi ndi zomwe zimatsegula malingaliro a anthu, ndipo pambuyo pazimenezi pamene ndemanga zoipa kwambiri ndi ndemanga zokwiya zimakhalabe. Zikuwonekeratu kuti tinali olakwa kwambiri, ndipamene timadziwa ziwerengero. Nthawi zambiri, tidalakwitsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala zakutchire. kuphatikiza tokha. Inde, tikufuna kuti izi zisachitike nkomwe. Koma izi sizingatheke pochita: kamodzi pa masabata angapo, wogwira ntchito atatopa ndi monotony amasindikiza mabatani oseketsa.
Osakwiyitsa anthu #2
Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chimatsegulanso malingaliro ndi pamene palibe amene amayankha tikiti kwa nthawi yayitali. Ku Ulaya, khalidwe lothandizirali ndi lachilendo: masiku atatu chisanachitike chochitika chovomerezeka kuntchito ndi choposa momwe zimakhalira. Ngakhale mutakhala ofulumira kwambiri ndipo china chake chikuyaka - palibe malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, palibe foni, palibe mesenjala, ingotumizani imelo ndikudikirira nthawi yanu. Ku Russia izi ndizochepa kwambiri, koma matikiti ena "akuyiwalika". Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito, timayika SLA pakuyankha koyamba kwa mphindi 15. Ndipo izi ndi zoona 24/7. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuchititsa VDS kukakhala kwakukulu, izi zikuwoneka. Koma opereka chithandizo okayikitsa alibe izi. Ndipo tinali okayikitsa poyambira ndipo kenako tidakhala okulirapo. Chabwino, mochuluka kapena kuchepera.
Mzere woyamba ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe adapatsidwa zolemba ndikuphunzitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu pazochitika zenizeni. Amathetsa mavuto mwachangu ndikuyesa mkati mwa mphindi 15 kuti ayankhe ndi zomwe zimachitika, kapena kunena kuti tikiti ikuchitika ndikusamutsira yachiwiri.
Mzere wachiwiri ndi oyang'anira oyang'anira; amadziwa kuchita pafupifupi chilichonse ndi dzanja. Palinso woyang'anira wothandizira yemwe angathe kuchita zonse ndi zina zochepa. Mzere wachitatu ndi omanga, amalandila matikiti ngati "konza izi mu mawonekedwe" kapena "zoterezi zimaganiziridwa molakwika."
Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu
Pazifukwa zodziwikiratu, ngati mukufuna kupereka chithandizo chotsika mtengo, ndiye kuti musawonjezere mzere woyamba kuti anthu athe kugwiritsira ntchito malemba mofulumira, koma onjezani zopangira. Kotero kuti mmalo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zolemba pali zolemba zenizeni. Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba zomwe tidachita chinali kusinthiratu njira zokwezera makina enieni, kukulitsa ndi zinthu (kuphatikiza ndi disk mmwamba ndi pansi, koma osati pafupipafupi purosesa) ndi zinthu zina zofananira. Zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito angachite kuchokera ku mawonekedwe, zimakhala zosavuta kukhala ndi mzere woyamba, ndipo zing'onozing'ono zingakhale. Wogwiritsa ntchito akapeza chinthu chomwe chili muakaunti yake, ayenera kuchichita ndi kumuuza momwe angachichitire yekha.
Ngati simukusowa thandizo, ndiye kuti akuchita ntchito yabwino.
Mbali yachiwiri, yomwe imapulumutsa nthawi yochuluka, ndi nthawi yayitali yodzaza chidziwitso. Ngati wosuta ali ndi vuto lomwe silinaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazothandizira (nthawi zambiri awa ndi mafunso pamlingo wa "momwe mungayikitsire seva ya Minecraft" kapena "komwe mungakhazikitse VPS mu Win Server"), ndiye Nkhani yalembedwa m'chidziwitso. Nkhani yofananira yomweyi yalembedwa pazopempha zonse zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wogwiritsa ntchito apempha thandizo kuti achotse Windows Server firewall yomangidwa, ndiye timawatumiza kuti awerenge zomwe zingachitike ngati atalephereka, komanso momwe angasinthire zilolezo pamapulogalamu osankhidwa okha. Chifukwa vuto nthawi zambiri limakhala kuti chinachake sichingagwirizane chifukwa cha zoikamo, osati ndi firewall yokha. Koma ndizovuta kwambiri kufotokoza izi nthawi zonse pokambirana. Koma mwanjira ina sindikufuna kuletsa chowotcha moto, chifukwa posachedwa tidzataya makina enieni kapena kasitomala.
Ngati china chake chokhudza mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito pazidziwitso chimakhala chodziwika kwambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera kugawa pamsika kuti ntchitoyo "ikhazikitse seva yomwe idayikidwa kale" iwonekere. Kwenikweni, izi ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi Docker, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi seva ya Minecraft. Apanso, batani limodzi la "ndichitireni zabwino" pamawonekedwe limasunga matikiti mazana pachaka.
Njira zadzidzidzi
Pambuyo pazifukwa izi, kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kumafuna ntchito yamanja kumasiyidwa ndikuti wogwiritsa ntchito pazifukwa zina adataya njira yolowera kutali kwa alendo Os mu hypervisor. Mlandu wodziwika kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe olakwika a firewall, chachiwiri chodziwika bwino ndi nsikidzi zomwe zimalepheretsa Win kuti ayambe bwino ndikukukakamizani kuti muyambitsenso Safe Mode. Ndipo mumayendedwe otetezeka, RDP sipezeka mwachisawawa.
Tapanga njira yadzidzidzi pankhaniyi. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri kuti mupeze makina a VDS muyenera kukhala ndi kasitomala wamtundu wina wantchito yakutali. Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za mwayi wofikira, RDP, VNC kapena zina zofananira. Kuipa kwa njirazi ndikuti sizigwira ntchito popanda OS. Koma pamlingo wa hypervisor titha kulandira chithunzicho pazenera ndikutumiza makina osindikizira pamenepo! Zowona, izi zimanyamula purosesa kwambiri (chifukwa cha kuwulutsa mavidiyo enieni), koma zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Chifukwa chake, tapereka mwayi wopezeka mwadzidzidzi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito onse, koma ndi ochepa malinga ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mosalekeza. Mwamwayi, monga momwe zimasonyezera, nthawi ino ndiyokwanira kuyambiranso ndi kukonza china chake.
Zotsatira zake ndi matikiti othandizira ochepa. Ndipo komwe olamulira atha kukonza yekha tikiti, chithandizo sichiyenera kulowa ndikuchizindikira.
Mavuto otsala
Nthawi zambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amaganiza kuti chithandizo chikukankhira chinachake pa iwo. Tsoka ilo, palibe chomwe chingachitike pa izi (kapena sitinabwere ndi chilichonse). Zitsanzo ziwiri zodziwika bwino ndi malire azinthu ndi chitetezo cha DDoS.
Makina aliwonse enieni ali ndi malire pa disk load, kukumbukira ndi magalimoto ololedwa. Kukhoza kukhazikitsa malire kumatchulidwa muzoperekazo, koma malirewo amasankhidwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri azigwira ntchito mwakachetechete popanda kudziwa za iwo. Koma ngati mwadzidzidzi muyamba kusewera ndi tchanelo ndi disk kwambiri, ndiye kuti ma algorithms amachenjeza wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuyambira mwezi wa April chaka chatha, tachotsa maloko odzichitira okha. M'malo mwake, kuika malire ofewa kwa nthawi yosinthika.
Poyamba, zinali motere: chenjezo, ndiye, ngati wosuta sanamvere, kutsekereza basi. Ndipo panthawiyo anthu adakhumudwa: "Mukunena chiyani, ndi dongosolo lanu lomwe lili ndi ngolo, palibe chomwe chinachitika!" - ndiyeno mutha kuyesa kumvetsetsa pulogalamu yofunsira, kapena perekani kuti muwonjezere dongosolo lamitengo. Tilibe mwayi womvetsetsa momwe pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito imagwirira ntchito, chifukwa izi ndizoposa chithandizo. Ngakhale milandu yoyamba idakonzedwa pamodzi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Ndimakumbukira makamaka pomwe wonyenga amawonera pa YouTube anali ndi Trojan yomangidwira, ndipo Trojan iyi inali yopumira. Pamapeto pake, tidazindikira kuti awa sanali a Heisenbugs, koma mavuto ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, apo ayi tikadadzazidwa ndi zopempha zomwezi. Koma palibe munthu m'modzi yemwe adavomerezabe kuti akhoza kupitilira yekha.
Nkhani yofananayo ili ndi DDoS: timalemba kuti inu, wogwiritsa ntchito wokondedwa, mukuzunzidwa. Lumikizani chitetezo, chonde. Ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito: "Inde, mukundiukira nokha!" Zachidziwikire, ife DDoS wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi yekha kuti tiwabere ma ruble 300. Ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa. Inde, ndikudziwa kuti malo ambiri ochitirako alendo omwe ali mgulu lokwera mtengo kwambiri amaphatikiza chitetezo ichi pamitengo, koma sitingachite izi: chuma chachangu chazakudya chimalamula mitengo ina yocheperako.
Mofanana nthawi zambiri, iwo amene deta ife zichotsedwa sakhutira ndi thandizo. M'lingaliro lakuti adachotsedwa movomerezeka pambuyo pa kutha kwa nthawi yolipira. Ngati wina sakonzanso kubwereketsa kwa VDS, zidziwitso zingapo zimatumizidwa kufotokoza zomwe zidzachitike kenako. Malipiro akamaliza, makina enieni amasiya, koma chithunzi chake chimasungidwa. Chidziwitso china chikufika, kenako ena angapo. Chithunzicho chimasungidwa kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri owonjezera chisanachotsedwe kwamuyaya. Kotero, pali gulu la anthu omwe sakukondwera kwambiri ndi izi. Kuyambira "kusiya kwa admin, zidziwitso zidatumizidwa ku imelo yake, kubwezera" ndikumaliza ndi milandu yachinyengo komanso kuwopseza kuvulazidwa. Chifukwa chake ndi mitengo yofanana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena onse. Ngati tisunga kwa mwezi umodzi, tidzafunika kusungirako zambiri. Izi zidzatanthauza mitengo yokwera kwa kasitomala aliyense payekha. Ndipo chuma cha chakudya chofulumira ... Chabwino, mumapeza lingaliro. Chotsatira chake, pamabwalo timalandila ndemanga mu mzimu wa "adatenga ndalama, adachotsa deta, achinyengo."
Ndikufuna kuzindikira kuti tili ndi mzere wamitengo yamtengo wapatali. Kumeneko, ndithudi, zinthu ndi zosiyana, popeza timaganizira zofuna za kasitomala ndikuyika mokhazikika malire ndi kuchotsa ngati sitilipire (timayiyika mu minus, kuti tisatseke). Kumeneko ndizotheka kale mwachuma, chifukwa chilichonse chingachitike, ndipo kusunga kasitomala wamkulu wokhazikika ndi wokwera mtengo.
Nthawi zina ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala oyipa. Kangapo makina athu adalephereka pomwe makina mazana ambiri adatsekedwa chifukwa chazinthu zina zosavomerezeka zamakasitomala. Kwenikweni, zinali chifukwa chazimenezi kuti tinkafunikira madalaivala athu a netiweki kuti aziyang'anira zomwe zikuchitika pamanetiweki ndikuwona kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo sakuwononga seva yake. Kuyang'anira ndondomeko yotereyi n'kofunika kuti malire a makina oyandikana nawo asaphwanyidwe ndi anyamata oyendayenda.
Pali ena omwe amangotumizirana ma spam, anga, kapena kuswa zomwe akufuna. Kenako amagogoda kuti amuthandize ndikufunsa kuti chavuta ndi chiyani komanso chifukwa chiyani galimotoyo yatsekeredwa. Ngati ndondomeko yomwe ili mu tikiti pazithunzi imatchedwa "spam sender.exe," ndiye kuti chinachake sichikuyenda bwino. Pafupifupi kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse timalandira madandaulo kuchokera kwa Sony kapena Lucasfilm (tsopano Disney) kuti wina wochokera pamakina athu amtundu wa IP akugawa filimu yowotchedwa. Pazifukwa izi, mudzatsekereza nthawi yomweyo ndikubweza ndalama zotsala mu akauntiyo molingana ndi zomwe mwapereka (ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni: kuwerengera kwathu ndi mphindi imodzi, ndiko kuti, nthawi zonse padzakhala malire motsimikizika). Ndipo kuti mubwezere ndalamazo, malinga ndi lamulo, muyenera kusonyeza pasipoti yanu: izi ndizotsutsana ndi ndalama. Pazifukwa zina, m'malo mowonetsa pasipoti, achifwambawo amalemba kuti tidawafinya ndalama, ndikuyiwala kufotokozera zina mwazochitika.
O inde. Pempho lathu labwino kwambiri pachaka ndilakuti: "Kodi ndingayese makina enieni kwa masiku angapo pamtengo wa ma ruble 30 pamwezi ndisanagule?"
Zotsatira
Mzere woyamba umasankha matikiti ndikuyankha ndi zochitika zenizeni. Apa ndi pamene pali kusakhutira kwambiri. Sizingatheke kukonza izi, chifukwa maziko okonzekera ndi kuchititsa automation, ndiko kuti, pakubweza kwakukulu. Inde, tili ndi zambiri pamsika, komabe sizokwanira. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chabwino chomwe chingachitike ndikukhazikitsa kuwunika koyamba. Kuyang'anira Desk Lothandizira - Mzere woyamba kukhazikitsa KPI. Kuchedwa mu SLA kumawoneka mu nthawi yeniyeni: ndani akusokoneza, nthawi zambiri - chifukwa chiyani. Chifukwa cha zidziwitso zotere, mapulogalamu samatayika konse. Inde, tikiti ikhoza kuyankhidwa ndi template yomwe siili pamutu, koma tikupeza izi kale kuchokera ku ndemanga.
Ngati kasitomala akufunsadi, ndiye kuti katswiri wa mzere wachiwiri akhoza kupita ku seva ndikuchita zomwe kasitomala amafunikira kumeneko (mkhalidwewu ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi kalata yomwe angapereke zambiri zolowera kwa seva).
Sitichita izi kawirikawiri ndipo timapereka ntchito yotereyi kwa anthu abwino kwambiri, chifukwa tikufuna kukhala ndi zitsimikizo kuti deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito siiwonongeka. Zabwino kwambiri ndi mzere wachiwiri wothandizira.
Mzere woyamba uli ndi chidziwitso komwe mungatumize kuti muwone zinthu zovuta.
Akaunti yaumwini yokhala ndi ntchito zambiri kuphatikiza chidziwitso - ndipo tsopano tidatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopempha mpaka 1-1,5 pachaka pa kasitomala aliyense.
Mzere wachiwiri nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito zovuta zomwe zimafuna ntchito yamanja. Zomwe zimachitikira: mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali, zopempha zoterezi zimachepa pamakina aliwonse. Kawirikawiri chifukwa iwo omwe angakwanitse mtengo wamtengo wapatali amakhala ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito, kapena theka la mavuto samakhalapo chifukwa chakuti pali makonzedwe okwanira pa chirichonse. Ndimakumbukirabe ngwazi yomwe idayika Windows Server yakale kwambiri pakusintha ndi 256 MB ya RAM.
Mzere wachiwiri uli ndi zida zogawa komanso zolemba zodzipangira zokha. Onse akhoza kusinthidwa ngati pakufunika.
Mzere wachiwiri ndi mameneja aumwini a VIP tariffs akhoza kuwonjezera zolemba pa mbiri ya kasitomala. Ngati iye ndi woyang'anira Linux, tilemba izi. Ichi chidzakhala lingaliro loyamba la mzere: wogwiritsa ntchito amadziwa motsimikiza kuti sikudzakhala kuwombera mwendo, koma kuwonongedwa kolamulidwa.
Mzere wachitatu ukulamulira chodabwitsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tinali ndi cholakwika chomwe chinapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kupeza imodzi mwazochita za akaunti yanu mu Firefox. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adadandaula kuti: "Ngati simukukonza mkati mwa maola 12, ndilemba ndemanga zonse zokhala nawo." Monga momwe zinakhalira, vuto linali mu adblock yachizolowezi. Kumbali ya ogwiritsa, oddly mokwanira. Nthawi zambiri zolakwika zovuta zimachitika popanda tsatanetsatane, ndipo sizingabwerezedwenso. Pali ofufuza omwe ali ndi chithunzi: "N'chifukwa chiyani mukukonza mwezi umodzi?" - "Inde, takhala tikuyang'ana cholakwika chanu nthawi yonseyi," "O, chabwino, ndachipezanso lero, koma sindingathe kubwerezanso"...
Kawirikawiri, simudziwa komwe chithunzi cha zokambirana ndi chithandizo chidzathera, ndipo ngati munthu agogoda kuti amuthandize, ndiye kuti ali ndi vuto. Mukhoza kusintha maganizo anu. Osachepera yesani.
Inde, tikudziwa kuti chithandizo chathu sichili changwiro, koma ndikufuna kukhulupirira kuti chimaphatikiza liwiro lokwanira ndi khalidwe lokwanira. Ndipo sizimawonjezera mitengo yamitengo kwa omwe angachite popanda izo.
Source: www.habr.com