Π Takambirana kale funso la "Kodi tingagwiritse ntchito RAID pa SSD" pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Kingston drives, koma tinachita izi pokhapokha mulingo wa zero. M'nkhaniyi, tisanthula zosankha zogwiritsira ntchito mayankho aukadaulo ndi apakhomo a NVMe mumitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamagulu a RAID ndikulankhula za kuyanjana kwa olamulira. ndi Kingston drives.
Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira RAID pa SSD?
Ubwino wa zosungirako zokhazikitsidwa ndi SSD pamagulu osungira a HDD umaphatikizapo kuchepetsedwa nthawi yofikira pagalimoto komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba owerengera / kulemba. Komabe, magwiridwe antchito a RAID a SSD amafunikira kuphatikiza koyenera kwa purosesa, cache, mapulogalamu, ndi zida. Zinthu zonsezi zikagwira ntchito bwino, gulu la SSD RAID limatha kupitilira kusinthika kofananirako pogwiritsa ntchito ma HDD achikhalidwe.
SSD wamba imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuposa ma HDD, kotero mukaphatikiza ma SSD ambiri kukhala gulu la RAID, kupulumutsa mphamvu kuyerekeza ndi HDD RAID kungapangitsenso kutsika mtengo pamabilu amagetsi amakampani.
Komabe, SSD RAID ili ndi malire ndi zovuta, kuphatikizapo mtengo wapamwamba pa gigabyte ya malo poyerekeza ndi ma hard drive a mphamvu zofanana. Ndipo nthawi pakati pa zolephera kukumbukira kung'anima ndi malire enaake a kulembanso m'zinthu. Ndiko kuti, ma drive a SSD amakhala ndi moyo wina wautumiki, womwe umadalira kugwiritsa ntchito: momwe zambiri zimalembedweranso mwachangu, kuyendetsako kumalephera. Kumbali ina, ma SSD amabizinesi amakhala ndi moyo wabwino, wofanana ndi ma hard drive amakina.
Momwe Kingston SSDs amakhalira mu RAID mode ndi olamulira a Broadcom
Kumayambiriro kwa kubwera kwa ma drive a SSD, mapangidwe a RAID anali odzaza ndi ma nuances ambiri. Kuphatikizira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma HDD osalolera zolakwika. Ma drive a solid state ndiodalirika kwambiri kuposa maginito a disk-based anzawo. Monga tikudziwira, mayankho a SSD alibe zinthu zosuntha, kotero kuwonongeka kwamakina kumachepetsedwa mpaka zero. Kulephera kwa ma drive olimba-boma chifukwa cha kukwera kwamphamvu sikungathekenso, chifukwa pamlingo wa PC yakunyumba ndi seva iliyonse mumatetezedwa ndi UPSs, oteteza ma surge komanso ngakhale magetsi.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma drive olimba ali ndi ubwino wina wofunikira: ngakhale maselo okumbukira atatopa mwa kulemba, deta ikhoza kuwerengedwa kuchokera kwa iwo, koma ngati maginito disk awonongeka, tsoka.
Masiku ano, kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho a SSD mumagulu a RAID amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizochitika zachilendo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha ma SSD abwino omwe latency yake ndi yochepa. Ndibwinonso kugwiritsa ntchito ma SSD kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo ndi chitsanzo chomwecho, kuti musathe kukhala ndi ma drive a hodgepodge omwe amathandiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katundu ndipo amamangidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukumbukira, olamulira, ndi matekinoloje ena. Ndiye kuti, ngati titaganiza zogula ma SSD anayi kapena 16 a NVMe kuchokera ku Kingston kuti apange gulu la RAID, zingakhale bwino ngati onse achokera mndandanda womwewo ndi mtundu wamitundu.
Mwa njira, in Sizinali zomveka kuti titchule olamulira a Broadcom monga chitsanzo tikamalankhula za ma NVMe SSD ochokera ku Kingston. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zolemba zazidazi nthawi yomweyo zimatchula ma drive omwe amagwirizana (kuphatikiza mayankho ochokera kwa opanga omwe tawatchulawa aku America SSD), omwe wowongolera azigwira ntchito mosalakwitsa. Muyenera kudalira chidziwitsochi posankha kuphatikiza kowongolera-SSD kwa RAID.
Timasanthula magwiridwe antchito a Kingston SSD mumitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya RAID - "1", "5", "10", "50"
Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa "zero" wa RAID sumapereka kuchuluka kwa data, koma kumangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito. RAID 0 sichipereka chitetezo chilichonse cha data, kotero sitingachiganizire m'gawo lamakampani. RAID 1, kumbali ina, imapereka kubwezeredwa kwathunthu koma phindu lochepa la magwiridwe antchito, motero liyenera kuganiziridwa ngati kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito sikuli kofunikira popanga gulu la RAID kuchokera ku SSD.
RAID 1 yochokera pa Kingston SSD ndi olamulira a Broadcom
Chifukwa chake, gulu loyamba la RAID lotengera Broadcom MegaRAID 9460-16i wowongolera amaphatikiza ma drive awiri mpaka 32 a Kingston, omwe ndi makope a wina ndi mzake, ndipo amapereka redundancy kwathunthu. Ngati, pogwiritsira ntchito ma HDD achikhalidwe, kuthamanga kwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga deta kunakhalabe pamtunda wofanana ndi HDD yokha, ndiye pogwiritsa ntchito njira za NVMe SSD timapeza kuwonjezeka kakhumi. Makamaka ponena za nthawi yofikira deta. Mwachitsanzo, ndi ma SSD awiri a Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe mu seva RAID 1, timapeza 350 IOPS powerenga deta yachisawawa ndi 000 IOPS polemba.
Pankhani ya liwiro lowerengera motsatizana, zotsatira zake zimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe agalimoto - 3200 MB/s. Koma popeza ma NVMe SSD onse akugwira ntchito, deta imatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera kwa iwo nthawi imodzi, ndikupangitsa ntchito zowerengera mwachangu. Koma liwiro lolemba (lomwe limatchedwa 2000 MB / s) lidzakhala locheperapo chifukwa ntchito iliyonse yolemba imachitika kawiri.
RAID 1 ndi yabwino kwa nkhokwe zazing'ono kapena malo ena aliwonse omwe amafunikira kulekerera zolakwika koma mphamvu yaying'ono. Drive mirroring imathandiza makamaka pazochitika zowononga masoka (ndi chilango chochepa cha ntchito) chifukwa imapereka "reanimation" ya data yofunikira ngati imodzi mwa ma drive akulephera. Koma chifukwa chitetezo ichi chimafunika kuwirikiza kawiri kusungirako kwa deta yojambulidwa (100 TB yosungirako ingafune 200 TB ya malo), machitidwe ambiri amabizinesi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira zotsika mtengo: RAID 5 ndi RAID 6.
RAID 5 yochokera pa Kingston SSD ndi olamulira a Broadcom
Kuti tikonze gulu la 32 RAID, timafunikira ma drive osachepera atatu, data yomwe imalumikizidwa (yolembedwa mozungulira pama drive onse pamndandanda), koma osabwerezedwa. Powakonzekera, munthu ayenera kuganizira za dongosolo lawo lovuta kwambiri, popeza apa lingaliro la "checksum" (kapena "parity") likuwonekera. Lingaliro ili limatanthauza ntchito yomveka bwino ya algebraic XOR (komanso "OR") yokhayo, yomwe imalamula kugwiritsa ntchito ma drive osachepera atatu pamndandanda (maximum XNUMX). Pankhaniyi, zidziwitso zaparity zimalembedwa ku "disks" zonse pamndandanda.
Pamagulu anayi a Kingston DC500R SATA SSD okhala ndi mphamvu ya 3,84 TB iliyonse, timapeza 11,52 TB yamalo ndi 3,84 ya macheke. Ndipo ngati tiphatikiza ma drive 16 a Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe okhala ndi mphamvu ya 7,68 TB ku RAID level 115,2, tidzapeza 7,68 TB ndi kutayika kwa 5 TB. Monga mukuonera, ma drive ambiri, amakhala bwino pamapeto. Ndikwabwinonso chifukwa ma drive ambiri mu RAID 0, amakweza magwiridwe antchito polemba. Ndipo kuwerenga kwa mzere kudzafika pamlingo wa RAID XNUMX.
Gulu la disk la RAID 5 limapereka kutulutsa kwakukulu (makamaka kwa mafayilo akuluakulu) ndi redundancy ndi kutaya mphamvu kochepa. Gulu lamtunduwu ndiloyenera kwambiri pamanetiweki omwe amagwira ntchito zingapo zazing'ono zolowetsa/zotulutsa (I/O) nthawi imodzi. Koma musagwiritse ntchito ntchito zomwe zimafuna zolemba zambiri pama block ang'onoang'ono kapena ang'onoang'ono.
Palinso nuance ina: ngati imodzi mwa ma drive a NVMe ikulephera, RAID 5 imapita kumalo owonongeka ndipo kulephera kwa chipangizo china chosungirako kungakhale kovuta pa deta yonse. Ngati galimoto imodzi ikulephera, wolamulira wa RAID amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chofanana kuti akonzenso zonse zomwe zikusowa.
RAID 10 yochokera pa Kingston SSD ndi olamulira a Broadcom
Chifukwa chake, RAID 0 imatipatsa kuwirikiza kawiri pa liwiro ndi nthawi yofikira, ndipo RAID 1 imapereka kudalirika. Momwemo, zikanaphatikizidwa, ndipo apa ndipamene RAID 10 (kapena 1 + 0) imabwera kudzapulumutsa. "Khumi" amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ma drive anayi a SATA SSD kapena NVMe (maximum 32) ndipo amatanthauza "magalasi" angapo, kuchuluka kwa ma drive omwe nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala angapo mwa anayi. Deta yomwe ili mumndandandawu imalembedwa pogawanika kukhala midadada yokhazikika (monga momwe zilili ndi RAID 0) ndi mikwingwirima pakati pa ma drive, kugawa makope pakati pa "drive" mumagulu a RAID 1. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa nthawi imodzi kupeza magulu angapo a disks. , RAID 10 ikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
Chifukwa RAID 10 imatha kugawa deta pamagulu angapo owonera magalasi, izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kulekerera kulephera kwa galimoto imodzi mwa awiriwo. Komabe, ngati magalasi awiri awiri (ndiko kuti, ma drive anayi onse) alephera, kutayika kwa data kudzachitika. Zotsatira zake, timapezanso kulolerana kwabwino komanso kudalirika. Koma ndizoyenera kukumbukira kuti, monga RAID 1, gawo lakhumi limagwiritsa ntchito theka la mphamvu zonse, choncho ndi njira yotsika mtengo. Komanso zovuta kukhazikitsa.
RAID 10 ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masitolo ogulitsa deta omwe amafunikira 100 peresenti ya redundancy ya ma mirrored disk magulu, komanso ntchito yabwino ya I / O ya RAID 0. Ndilo njira yabwino yothetsera ma database apakati kapena malo aliwonse omwe amafunikira kulekerera kwakukulu. kuposa RAID 5.
RAID 50 yochokera pa Kingston SSD ndi olamulira a Broadcom
Gulu lophatikizana lofanana ndi gawo lakhumi la RAID, lomwe ndi gawo la ziro lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu asanu. Monga kale, cholinga chachikulu cha gululi ndikukwaniritsa ntchito ziwiri ndikusunga kudalirika kwa deta mumagulu a RAID 5. Komabe, RAID 50 imapereka ntchito yowonjezera yolembera komanso chitetezo cha deta kuposa RAID 5 yokhazikika pakagwa disk kulephera, komanso imakhalanso wokhoza kuchira mwachangu ngati kulephera kwa imodzi mwama drive.
Gulu la disk la RAID 50 limaphwanya deta muzitsulo zing'onozing'ono, kenako ndikuzigawa mumagulu onse a RAID 5. Gulu la disk la RAID 5, nawonso, limaphwanya deta muzitsulo zing'onozing'ono, kuwerengera kufanana, kuchita zomveka OR ntchito pazitsulo. , ndiyeno Achita chipika cha data amalemba ndi ntchito zofananira pa disk iliyonse mu gulu la disk.
Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyo idzavutikira ngati imodzi mwa ma drive ikulephera, izi sizofunikira ngati RAID 5 array, popeza kulephera kumodzi kumangokhudza gulu limodzi, ndikusiya linalo likugwira ntchito mokwanira. M'malo mwake, RAID 50 imatha kupirira zolephera zisanu ndi zitatu za HDD/SSD/NVMe ngati "drive" iliyonse yalephera ili mugulu lapadera la RAID 5.
RAID 50 imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kudalirika kwakukulu ndipo ayenera kuthana ndi zopempha zambiri pamene akusunga mitengo yapamwamba yotumizira deta ndi mtengo wotsika wa galimoto kusiyana ndi RAID 10. sichimachotsedwa kotheratu ngati chifukwa. Chimodzi mwazovuta za RAID 50 ndikuti, monga RAID 50, imafuna wowongolera ovuta: monga mβnkhani yapitayi kuchokera ku Broadcom.
Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa kuti RAID 50 ili ndi malo ochepa ogwiritsira ntchito disk kuposa RAID 5 chifukwa cha kugawa kwa mphamvu zokhala ndi zolemba zofanana. Komabe, imakhalabe ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito kuposa magawo ena a RAID, makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito galasi. Ndi zofunikira zochepa za ma drive asanu ndi limodzi, RAID 50 ikhoza kukhala njira yodula, koma malo owonjezera a disk ndi ofunika mtengo poteteza deta yamakampani. Mndandanda wamtunduwu umalimbikitsidwa kuti ukhale ndi deta yomwe imafuna kudalirika kosungirako, kuchuluka kwa mafunso, kusamutsa kwakukulu, ndi kusungirako kwakukulu.
RAID 6 ndi RAID 60: sitinaiwale za iwonso
Popeza talankhula kale za magawo achisanu ndi makumi asanu, zingakhale zamanyazi kusatchula mitundu yamagulu monga RAID 6 ndi RAID 60.
Kuchita kwa RAID 6 ndi kofanana ndi RAID 5, koma apa osachepera ma drive awiri ali pansi pa ulamuliro wa parity, zomwe zimalola gululo kupulumuka kulephera kwa ma drive awiri popanda kutaya deta (mu RAID 5 izi ndizosafunika kwambiri). Izi zimatsimikizira kudalirika kwakukulu. Kupanda kutero, chilichonse chimakhala chofanana ndi mulingo wa XNUMX: ngati diski imodzi kapena ziwiri zikulephera, wolamulira wa RAID amagwiritsa ntchito midadada yofananira kuti akonzenso zonse zomwe zikusowa. Ngati ma drive awiri akulephera, kuchira sikuchitika nthawi imodzi: galimoto yoyamba imabwezeretsedwa poyamba, kenako yachiwiri. Choncho, awiri deta kuchira ntchito ikuchitika.
Sikovuta kuganiza kuti ngati RAID 50 ndi gawo la zero la magawo asanu, ndiye kuti RAID 60 ndi gawo la zero la magawo asanu ndi limodzi omwe tangokambirana kumene. Ndiko kuti, bungwe loterolo la RAID yosungirako limakupatsani mwayi wopulumuka kutayika kwa ma SSD awiri mu gulu lirilonse la ma drive a RAID 6. Mfundo ya ntchito ndi yofanana ndi yomwe tinakambirana m'gawo la RAID 50, koma chiwerengero cha zolephera zomwe gulu la makumi asanu ndi limodzi limatha kupirira kuwonjezeka kuchokera ku 8 mpaka 16 ma drive. Kawirikawiri, magulu oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira makasitomala pa intaneti, zomwe zimafuna kulolerana kwakukulu.
Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule:
Ngakhale kuyang'ana pagalasi kumapereka kulolerana kwakukulu kuposa RAID 50/60, kumafunikanso malo ochulukirapo. Popeza kuchuluka kwa data kumawirikiza kawiri, mumangopeza 50% ya kuchuluka kwa ma drive omwe amayikidwa mu seva kuti mujambule ndikusunga zambiri. Kusankha pakati pa RAID 50/60 ndi RAID 10 kungadalire bajeti yanu yomwe ilipo, mphamvu ya seva, ndi zosowa zanu zoteteza deta. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo umawonekera tikakamba za mayankho a SSD (onse amakampani ndi ogula).
Ndizofunikiranso kuti tsopano tidziwe motsimikiza kuti RAID yochokera ku SSD ndi yankho lotetezeka kwathunthu komanso machitidwe abwinobwino pamabizinesi amakono. Kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba, palinso chifukwa chosinthira ku NVMe, ngati bajeti zilola. Ndipo ngati mudakali ndi funso la chifukwa chake zonsezi zikufunika, bwererani kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi - tayankha kale mwatsatanetsatane.
Nkhaniyi idakonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi anzathu ochokera ku Broadcom, omwe amapereka owongolera kwa akatswiri opanga ma Kingston kuti ayesedwe ndi ma drive a SATA/SAS/NVMe. Chifukwa cha symbiosis yochezeka iyi, makasitomala sayenera kukayikira kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kwa ma drive a Kingston okhala ndi owongolera opangidwa a HBA ndi RAID. .
Zambiri zazinthu za Kingston zitha kupezeka pa kampani.
Source: www.habr.com