Moni! Dzina langa ndi Andrey Semenov, ndine katswiri wamkulu ku Sportmaster. Mu positi iyi ndikufuna kudzutsa nkhani ya denormalilization of ERP system databases. Tiwona momwe zinthu ziliri, komanso chitsanzo chodziwika bwino - tinene kuti ingakhale malo abwino ochezera achifwamba ndi amalinyero. Momwe achifwamba ndi amalinyero ayenera kutumikiridwa mosiyana, chifukwa malingaliro a kukongola ndi machitidwe ogula a njonda zabwinozi ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Kodi mungasangalatse bwanji aliyense? Kodi mungapewe bwanji kupenga kupanga ndi kukonza dongosolo lotere? Zoyenera kuchita ngati siwongobwera achifwamba ndi amalinyero okha omwe amayamba kubwera ku tavern?
Chirichonse chiri pansi pa odulidwa. Koma tiyeni tipite mwadongosolo.
1. Zolepheretsa ndi zongoganizira
Zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zikugwira ntchito pazosunga zolumikizana. Zotsatira za denormalization mu mawonekedwe a kusinthidwa, kufufutidwa, ndi kuyika zosokoneza, zomwe zaphimbidwa bwino, kuphatikiza pa intaneti, sizimaganiziridwa. Kunja kwa bukuli pali zochitika zomwe denormalization ndi malo wamba, ndi zitsanzo zachikale: mndandanda wa pasipoti ndi nambala, tsiku ndi nthawi, ndi zina zotero.
Cholembacho chimagwiritsa ntchito matanthauzidwe achilengedwe komanso oyenera amitundu wamba, osatengera mawu a masamu. Mu mawonekedwe omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza njira zenizeni zamalonda (BP) ndi mapangidwe a mapulogalamu a mafakitale.
Akuti kamangidwe ka malo osungiramo zidziwitso, zida zoperekera malipoti ndi mapangano ophatikizira (omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zama tabular) amasiyana ndi kapangidwe ka nkhokwe zamakina a ERP kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha denormalization kuti akwaniritse zitha kukhala patsogolo kuposa kukhulupirika. data chitetezo. Ndimagawana nawo lingaliro ili, ndipo zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa zikugwira ntchito ku ma data apamwamba komanso mitundu yolumikizirana ya machitidwe a ERP.
Kufotokozera kwa mafomu abwino kumaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chomwe chimamveka pamlingo watsiku ndi tsiku kwa owerenga ambiri. Komabe, monga fanizo looneka, mβndime 4-5, ntchito βyopekaβ mwadala inagwiritsiridwa ntchito mwadala. Ngati simuchita izi ndikutenga chitsanzo cha mabuku, mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo chosungirako chofanana kuchokera pa mfundo 2, mukhoza kukhala mumkhalidwe umene wowerenga akuyang'ana kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kwa ndondomekoyo kukhala chitsanzo, kukudziwani kwanu komanso kuzindikira momwe njira ndi zitsanzo zosungira deta mu IS ziyenera kumangidwe. Mwanjira ina, tengani ofufuza awiri oyenerera a IT, m'modzi apereke chithandizo kwa onyamula anthu okwera, winayo kwa akatswiri onyamula makina opangira ma microchips. Afunseni, osakambirana ma BP odzichitira pasadakhale, kuti apange chitsanzo cha data chosungira zambiri zaulendo wa njanji.
Pali kuthekera kopanda zero kuti mumitundu yomwe akufunsidwa simupeza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso magulu osiyanasiyana, chifukwa wowunikira aliyense azidalira njira ndi ntchito zomwe amazidziwa. Ndipo muzochitika zotere sizingatheke kunena kuti ndi chitsanzo chiti chomwe chili "cholondola", chifukwa palibe njira yowunikira.
2. Mawonekedwe abwinobwino
Mtundu woyamba wa database imafuna atomiki ya zikhumbo zonse.
Makamaka, ngati chinthu A chili ndi zikhumbo zosafunikira a ndi b, kotero kuti c=f(a,b) ndi patebulo lofotokozera chinthu A mumasunga mtengo wa c, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe oyamba amaphwanyidwa mu database. . Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndondomeko ya dongosolo imasonyeza kuchuluka, mayunitsi a muyeso omwe amadalira mtundu wa mankhwala: nthawi imodzi akhoza kukhala zidutswa, malita ena, mu phukusi lachitatu lopangidwa ndi zidutswa (mu chitsanzo pamwamba pa Good_count_WR) , ndiye kuti atomiki yazinthu imaphwanyidwa mu database. Pachifukwa ichi, kuti munene zomwe gulu la tebulo la ndondomekoyi liyenera kukhala, muyenera kufotokozera ndondomeko ya ntchito mu IS, ndipo popeza njirazo zingakhale zosiyana, pakhoza kukhala mitundu yambiri "yolondola".
Fomu yachiwiri yodziwika bwino ya database imafuna kutsata fomu yoyamba ndi tebulo lake la bungwe lililonse lokhudzana ndi ntchito mu IS. Ngati patebulo limodzi pali zodalira c=f1(a) ndi d=f2(b) ndipo palibe kudalira c=f3(b), ndiye kuti mawonekedwe achiwiri abwino amaphwanyidwa patebulo. Muchitsanzo chomwe chili pamwambapa, palibe kudalirana pakati pa dongosolo ndi adilesi mu tebulo la Order. Sinthani dzina la msewu kapena mzinda ndipo simudzakhala ndi zotsatira pa zofunikira za dongosolo.
Nawonso database ya fomu yachitatu imafuna kutsata mawonekedwe achiwiri komanso kusadalirana kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Lamuloli likhoza kupangidwa motere: "Chilichonse chomwe chingawerengedwe chiyenera kuwerengedwa." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati pali zinthu ziwiri A ndi B. Patebulo losunga makhalidwe a chinthu A, khalidwe C likuwonekera, ndipo chinthu B chimakhala ndi b, kotero kuti c=f4(b) ilipo, ndiye mawonekedwe achitatu. waphwanyidwa. Muchitsanzo chomwe chili pansipa, kuchuluka kwa magawo (Total_count_WR) pamawunidwewo kumanena momveka bwino kuti akuphwanya mawonekedwe achitatu.
3. Njira yanga yogwiritsira ntchito normalization
1. Njira yokhayo yomwe mukufuna kuchita bizinesi yodzipangira yokha ingapatse wowunikira njira zodziwira mabungwe ndi mawonekedwe popanga chitsanzo chosungira deta. Kupanga ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha deta.
2. Kupeza fomu yachitatu yokhazikika mwatsatanetsatane sikungakhale kothandiza popanga machitidwe a ERP ngati zina kapena zonse zotsatirazi zakwaniritsidwa:
- zochita zokha sizisintha kawirikawiri,
- masiku omaliza a kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi olimba,
- Zofunikira pa kukhulupirika kwa deta ndizochepa (zolakwika zomwe zingatheke mu mapulogalamu a mafakitale sizimayambitsa kutaya ndalama kapena makasitomala ndi makasitomala a mapulogalamu)
- ndi zina zotero.
Pansi pa zomwe zafotokozedwazo, ndalama zozindikiritsa ndi kufotokoza kayendetsedwe ka moyo wa zinthu zina ndi zikhumbo zake sizingakhale zolondola pakuwona bwino kwachuma.
3. Zotsatira zilizonse za denormalilization ya chitsanzo cha deta mu IS yomwe idapangidwa kale ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kufufuza koyambirira kwa code ndi kuyesa.
4. Denormalisation ndi njira yosamutsira ndalama zogwirira ntchito kuchokera pagawo la kufufuza magwero a deta ndikupanga ndondomeko ya bizinesi kupita ku gawo lachitukuko, kuyambira nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mpaka nthawi ya chitukuko.
5. Ndikoyenera kuyesetsa mtundu wachitatu wa nkhokwe ngati:
- Chitsogozo chakusintha kwanjira zamabizinesi ochita zokha ndizovuta kulosera
- Pali kugawikana kofooka kwa ntchito mkati mwa kukhazikitsa ndi/kapena gulu lachitukuko
- Machitidwe omwe akuphatikizidwa mu gawo lophatikizana amakula molingana ndi mapulani awo
- Kusagwirizana kwa data kungapangitse kampani kutaya makasitomala kapena ndalama
6. Kukonzekera kwa chitsanzo cha deta kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi wofufuza pokhapokha pokhudzana ndi zitsanzo za ndondomeko ya bizinesi yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi ndondomeko mu IS. Ngati wopanga akupanga chitsanzo cha data, ayenera kumizidwa m'gawo la phunzirolo mpaka kuti, makamaka, amamvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa makhalidwe - chikhalidwe chofunikira chodzipatula mikhalidwe ya atomiki. Choncho, kutenga ntchito zachilendo.
4 Vuto la fanizo
Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi kanyumba kakang'ono ka maloboti padoko. Gawo lanu lamsika: oyendetsa ngalawa ndi achifwamba omwe amabwera padoko ndikufunika kupuma. Mumagulitsa tiyi ndi thyme kwa amalinyero, ndi zisa za ramu ndi mafupa zopekera ndevu kwa achifwamba. Utumiki mu tavern yokha umaperekedwa ndi robot hostess ndi robot bartender. Chifukwa cha mitengo yanu yapamwamba komanso yotsika mtengo, mwathamangitsa omwe akupikisana nawo, kotero kuti aliyense amene akutuluka m'sitimayo amabwera ku tavern yanu, yomwe ili yokhayo padoko.
Tavern information systems complex ili ndi mapulogalamu awa:
- Dongosolo lochenjeza loyambirira la kasitomala yemwe amazindikira gulu lake kutengera mawonekedwe ake
- Dongosolo loyang'anira ma loboti hostesses ndi loboti bartenders
- Dongosolo loyang'anira malo osungira ndi kutumiza kumalo ogulitsira
- Supplier Relationship Management System (SURP)
Ndondomeko:
Dongosolo lochenjeza loyambirira limazindikira anthu omwe akuchoka m'sitimayo. Ngati munthu wametedwa bwino, amamuzindikiritsa kuti ndi woyendetsa ngalawa; ngati munthu apezeka kuti ali ndi ndevu, ndiye kuti amadziwika kuti ndi wachifwamba.
Polowa m'nyumba yodyeramo, mlendoyo akumva moni wochokera kwa wosamalira maloboti molingana ndi gulu lake, mwachitsanzo: "Ho-ho-ho, pirate wokondedwa, pita ku tebulo No..."
Mlendo amapita ku tebulo lotchulidwa, kumene bartender wa robot adamukonzera kale katundu molingana ndi gululo. The robot bartender imatumiza zidziwitso ku malo osungiramo katundu kuti gawo lotsatira loperekera liwonjezeke; nyumba yosungiramo katundu IS, kutengera zotsalira zosungirako, imapanga pempho logula mu kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Ngakhale machenjezo oyambilira atha kukhala opangidwa ndi IT yanu yamkati, pulogalamu yoyang'anira ma bar robot mwina idapangidwa ndi kontrakitala wakunja makamaka kwa bizinesi yanu. Ndipo machitidwe oyang'anira nyumba zosungiramo katundu ndi maubwenzi ndi ogulitsa ndi mayankho okhazikika pamsika.
5. Zitsanzo za denormalilization ndi zotsatira zake pa chitukuko mapulogalamu
Pokonza ndondomeko ya bizinesi, akatswiri a nkhani amene anafunsidwawo ananena mogwirizana kuti padziko lonse lapansi achifwamba amamwa ramu ndi kupesa ndevu zawo ndi zisa za mafupa, ndipo amalinyero amamwa tiyi ndi thyme ndipo amameta bwino nthawi zonse.
Chikwatu cha mitundu yamakasitomala chimawonekera ndi zinthu ziwiri: 1 - achifwamba, 2 - amalinyero, odziwika pazambiri zonse zamakampani.
Makina azidziwitso a kasitomala nthawi yomweyo amasunga zotsatira zakusintha kwazithunzi monga chizindikiritso (ID) cha kasitomala wodziwika ndi mtundu wake: woyendetsa sitima kapena pirate.
ID ya chinthu chodziwika
Gulu la kasitomala
100500
Pirate
100501
Pirate
100502
Sailor
Tiyeni tionenso zimenezi
1. Amalinyero athu ndi anthu ometedwa
2. Achifwamba athu ndi anthu a ndevu
Ndi mavuto ati pankhaniyi omwe akuyenera kuthetsedwa kuti kapangidwe kathu kakhale kachitatu:
- kuphwanya kwa atomiki - Gulu la Makasitomala
- kusakaniza mfundo yowunikiridwa ndi mapeto mu tebulo limodzi
- mgwirizano wosasunthika pakati pa machitidwe a mabungwe osiyanasiyana.
Mu mawonekedwe okhazikika, timapeza magome awiri:
- kuzindikirika kumabweretsa mawonekedwe amitundu yokhazikitsidwa,
ID ya chinthu chodziwika
Tsitsi lakumaso
100500
kuti
100501
kuti
100502
No
- zotsatira za kudziwa mtundu wa kasitomala monga kugwiritsa ntchito logic yomwe ili mu IS kutanthauzira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa
ID ya chinthu chodziwika
Chizindikiritso ID
Gulu la kasitomala
100500
100001
Pirate
100501
100002
Pirate
100502
100003
Sailor
Kodi bungwe losungitsa deta lokhazikika lingathandize bwanji kupanga ma IP complex? Tinene kuti mwadzidzidzi mumapeza makasitomala atsopano. Zikhale achifwamba achi Japan omwe sangakhale ndi ndevu, koma amayenda ndi parrot paphewa, ndi achifwamba okonda zachilengedwe, mutha kuwazindikira mosavuta ndi mbiri ya buluu ya Greta pachifuwa chakumanzere.
Olanda zachilengedwe, mwachibadwa, sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito zisa za mafupa ndipo amafuna analogi wopangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yam'nyanja yobwezerezedwanso.
Muyenera kukonzanso ma aligorivimu a pulogalamuyo mogwirizana ndi zolowetsa zatsopano. Ngati malamulo okhazikika amatsatiridwa, ndiye kuti mumangofunika kuwonjezera zowonjezera za nthambi zina zamakina mu machitidwe ena ndikupanga nthambi zatsopano pazokhazo komanso mu ma IS omwe tsitsi la nkhope limafunikira. Koma, popeza malamulo sanatsatidwe, muyenera kusanthula kachidindo konseko, kudera lonselo, pomwe zikhalidwe za kalozera wamakasitomala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi ina algorithm iyenera kuganizira akatswiri. zochita za kasitomala, ndi zina zakuthupi.
Mu mawonekedwe kuti amafunafuna kuti tisinthe, titha kupeza matebulo awiri okhala ndi data yogwira ntchito ndi maupangiri awiri:
- kuzindikirika kumabweretsa mawonekedwe amitundu yokhazikitsidwa,
ID ya chinthu chodziwika
Greta pachifuwa chakumanzere
Mbalame paphewa
Tsitsi lakumaso
100510
1
1
1
100511
0
0
1
100512
1
0
- zotsatira za kudziwa mtundu wa kasitomala (loleni likhale mawonekedwe omwe mafotokozedwe ochokera kumakanema akuwonetsedwa)
Kodi zomwe zazindikirika zikutanthawuza kuti machitidwe sangathe kusinthidwa kuti akwaniritse zatsopano? Inde sichoncho. Ngati tikuganiza kuti machitidwe onse azidziwitso adapangidwa ndi gulu limodzi lokhala ndi ziro zantchito, zomwe zikuchitikazo zimalembedwa bwino ndipo chidziwitso chimasamutsidwa mkati mwa gulu popanda kutayika, ndiye kuti zosintha zofunika zitha kupangidwa mosasamala pang'ono. Koma ngati tibwerera ku zomwe zidayambitsa vutoli, ma kiyibodi a 1,5 adzafufutidwa pongosindikiza ma protocol azokambirana limodzi ndi ena 0,5 pokonza njira zogulira.
Muchitsanzo chomwe chili pamwambapa, mitundu yonse itatu yokhazikika imaphwanyidwa, tiyeni tiyese kuphwanya padera.
Kuphwanya mawonekedwe oyamba abwinobwino:
Tinene kuti katundu amaperekedwa kunkhokwe yanu kuchokera ku nyumba zosungiramo katundu powatenga pogwiritsa ntchito mbawala imodzi ya matani 1.5 yomwe ili ya malo anu ogona. Kukula kwa maoda anu ndikocheperako poyerekeza ndi zomwe ogulitsa amagulitsa kuti nthawi zonse amamalizidwa m'modzi-m'modzi popanda kuyembekezera kupanga. Mukufuna matebulo osiyana omwe ali ndi bizinesi yotere: magalimoto, mitundu yamagalimoto, kodi ndikofunikira kulekanitsa mapulani ndi zowona m'madongosolo anu kwa ogulitsa omwe achoka?
Tangoganizirani kuchuluka kwa "zowonjezera" zolumikizira omwe omwe amalemba mapulogalamu anu adzayenera kulemba ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chomwe chili pansipa kupanga pulogalamu.
Tinene kuti tasankha kuti kapangidwe kameneka ndi kovutirapo kosafunikira; kwa ife, kulekanitsa mapulaniwo ndi zomwe zili muzolembedwazo ndizosafunikira, ndipo mafotokozedwe opangidwa amalembedwanso kutengera zotsatira za kuvomera kwa zinthu zomwe zafika, zolakwika zosowa. -Kuyika ndi kubwera kwa katundu wosakwanira kumakhazikitsidwa kunja kwa IS.
Ndiyeno tsiku lina mukuona mmene holo yonse yochitiramo malo ochitiramo mowa yadzaza ndi achiwembu aukali. Chinachitika ndi chiyani?
Zinapezeka kuti pamene bizinesi yanu idakula, momwemonso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Kalekale, chigamulo choyang'anira chinapangidwa kuti ngati mbawala italemedwa ndi kuchuluka kwake komanso / kapena kulemera kwake, zomwe zinali zosowa kwambiri, woperekayo amaika patsogolo katunduyo m'malo mwa zakumwa.
Zinthu zomwe sizinaperekedwe zidatha motsatira dongosolo lotsatira ndikunyamuka paulendo watsopano; kupezeka kwa ndalama zochepa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku tavern kunapangitsa kuti asazindikire milandu yomwe ikusowa.
Mpikisano womaliza watsekedwa pa doko, ndipo nkhani yopunthwa ya mbawala yochulukira, yolambalalitsidwa ndi kuika patsogolo poganizira za kukwanira kwa chiwerengero chochepa komanso kutsika pansi kwa galimoto nthawi ndi nthawi, kunakhala chizolowezi chofala. Dongosolo lopangidwa lidzagwira ntchito molingana ndi ma aligorivimu omwe ali mmenemo ndipo lidzalandidwa mwayi uliwonse wotsata kulephera mwadongosolo kukwaniritsa zomwe zakonzedwa. Mbiri yowonongeka yokha ndi makasitomala osakhutira ndi omwe adzatha kuzindikira vutoli.
Wowerenga mwachidwi atha kuona kuti kuchuluka komwe kwayitanitsa (T_ORDER_SPEC) mu gawo 2 ndi gawo 5 kungakwaniritse kapena kusakwaniritsa zofunikira pa fomu yoyamba. Zonse zimatengera ngati, kutengera mitundu yosankhidwa ya katundu, makamaka mayunitsi osiyanasiyana amatha kugwera m'munda womwewo.
Kuphwanya mawonekedwe achiwiri abwinobwino:
Zosowa zanu zikakula, mumagula magalimoto angapo amitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'nkhani yomwe ili pamwambayi, kupanga chikwatu cha magalimoto kunkaonedwa kuti n'kosafunika; chifukwa chake, ma algorithms onse opangira ma data omwe amathandizira zosowa zotumiza ndi malo osungiramo zinthu amawona kayendetsedwe ka katundu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa kupita kumalo osungiramo katundu ngati kuthawa kwa matani 1,5 okha. mbawala. Chifukwa chake, ndikugula magalimoto atsopano, mumapangabe chikwatu chamagalimoto, koma mukamaliza, muyenera kusanthula kachidindo kamene kakukhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka katundu kuti muwone ngati m'malo aliwonse omwe akutchulidwa akuwonetsa mawonekedwe. galimoto yomwe bizinesi idayambira.
Kuphwanya mawonekedwe achitatu:
Panthawi ina mukuyamba kupanga pulogalamu yokhulupirika, mbiri ya kasitomala wokhazikika imawonekera. Chifukwa chiyani, mwachitsanzo, mumathera nthawi ndikupanga mawonedwe azinthu omwe amasunga deta yophatikizika pazogulitsa kwa kasitomala aliyense kuti agwiritse ntchito popereka lipoti ndikusamutsira kumakasitomala, ngati kumayambiriro kwa pulogalamu yokhulupirika zonse zomwe zimakondweretsa kasitomala zitha kuyikidwa pa mbiri ya kasitomala. ? Ndipo, ndithudi, poyang'ana koyamba, palibe chifukwa. Koma nthawi iliyonse yomwe bizinesi yanu ikugwirizanitsa, mwachitsanzo, njira zatsopano zogulitsira, payenera kukhala wina pakati pa akatswiri anu omwe adzakumbukira kuti chikhalidwe choterechi chilipo.
Popanga njira iliyonse yatsopano, mwachitsanzo, malonda pa intaneti, malonda kudzera mwa ogulitsa olumikizidwa ku dongosolo lokhulupirika limodzi, wina ayenera kukumbukira kuti njira zonse zatsopano ziyenera kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa deta pamlingo wa code. Kwa database yamakampani yokhala ndi matebulo chikwi, izi zikuwoneka ngati ntchito yosatheka.
Wopanga mapulogalamu odziwa zambiri, ndithudi, amadziwa kuyimitsa mavuto onse omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, koma, mwa lingaliro langa, ntchito ya katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito sikuwabweretsa kuunika.
Ndikufuna kuthokoza kwa katswiri wotsogolera Evgeniy Yarukhin chifukwa cha ndemanga zake zamtengo wapatali panthawi yokonzekera bukuli.
Mabuku
Connolly Thomas, Begg Caroline. Nawonsomba. Kupanga, kukhazikitsa ndi kuthandizira. Chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe
Source: www.habr.com