Zaka zingapo zapitazo, injiniya watsopano wa DevOps adawonekera mu IT. Mwamsanga idakhala imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri komanso zofunidwa pamsika. Koma apa pali chododometsa - gawo la kutchuka kwa DevOps likufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti makampani omwe amalemba akatswiriwa nthawi zambiri amawasokoneza ndi oimira ntchito zina.
Nkhaniyi idaperekedwa pakuwunika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito ya DevOps, momwe zilili pamsika komanso zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Tinalingalira nkhani yovutayi mothandizidwa ndi dean pa yunivesite ya GeekUniversity yolembedwa ndi Dmitry Burkovsky.
Ndiye DevOps ndi chiyani?
Mawuwa akuyimira Development Operations. Izi sizodziwika kwambiri ngati njira yokonzekera ntchito mukampani yayikulu kapena yayikulu pokonzekera chinthu kapena ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti madipatimenti osiyanasiyana a kampani imodzi akugwira nawo ntchito yokonzekera, ndipo zochita zawo sizimagwirizanitsidwa bwino nthawi zonse.
Chifukwa chake, opanga mwachitsanzo, samadziwa nthawi zonse mavuto omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala nawo akamagwira ntchito ndi pulogalamu yotulutsidwa kapena ntchito. Thandizo laukadaulo limadziwa zonse bwino, koma mwina sakudziwa zomwe zili "mkati" mwa pulogalamuyo. Ndipo apa injiniya wa DevOps akubwera kudzapulumutsa, kuthandiza kugwirizanitsa ndondomeko yachitukuko, kulimbikitsa ndondomeko yodzipangira okha, ndikuwongolera kuwonekera kwawo.
Lingaliro la DevOps limaphatikiza anthu, njira ndi zida.
Kodi injiniya wa DevOps ayenera kudziwa chiyani ndikutha kuchita chiyani?
Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa odziwika kwambiri omwe amatsatira lingaliro la DevOps, a Joe Sanchez, woimira ntchitoyi ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino zamalingaliro omwewo, kukhala ndi chidziwitso pakuwongolera machitidwe onse a Windows ndi Linux, kumvetsetsa ndondomeko ya pulogalamu yolembedwa mosiyana. zinenero, ndi ntchito mu Chef, Chidole, ndi Ansible. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuti muwerenge kachidindo muyenera kudziwa zilankhulo zingapo zamapulogalamu, osati kungodziwa, komanso kukhala ndi chidziwitso chachitukuko. Kudziwa kuyesa zinthu zamapulogalamu ndi ntchito zomwe zamalizidwa ndizofunikanso kwambiri.
Koma izi ndizabwino; si onse oimira gawo la IT omwe ali ndi chidziwitso komanso chidziwitso chotere. Nayi chidziwitso chochepa komanso chidziwitso chofunikira pa ma DevOps abwino:
- OS GNU/Linux, Windows.
- Osachepera chilankhulo chimodzi (Python, Go, Ruby).
- Chilankhulo cholemba chipolopolo ndi bash cha Linux ndi Powershell cha Windows.
- Mtundu wowongolera - Git.
- Masinthidwe kasamalidwe kachitidwe (Ansible, Puppet, Chef).
- Osachepera nsanja imodzi yoyimba (Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos, Amazon EC2 Container Service, Microsoft Azure Container Service).
- Kutha kugwira ntchito ndi opereka mtambo (mwachitsanzo: AWS, GCP, Azure, etc.) pogwiritsa ntchito Terraform, dziwani momwe pulogalamu imagwiritsidwira ntchito pamtambo.
- Kutha kukhazikitsa payipi ya CI/CD (Jenkins, GitLab), stack ya ELK, makina owunikira (Zabbix, Prometheus).
Ndipo nawu mndandanda wamaluso omwe akatswiri a DevOps amawonetsa nthawi zambiri pa Habr Career.
Kuphatikiza apo, katswiri wa DevOps ayenera kumvetsetsa zosowa ndi zofunikira za bizinesiyo, kuwona gawo lake pakupanga chitukuko ndikutha kupanga njira poganizira zokonda za kasitomala.
Nanga bwanji polowera?
Sizopanda pake kuti mndandanda wa chidziwitso ndi zochitika zinaperekedwa pamwambapa. Tsopano zimakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa yemwe angakhale katswiri wa DevOps. Zikuoneka kuti njira yosavuta yosinthira ku ntchitoyi ndi ya oimira ena apadera a IT, makamaka oyang'anira dongosolo ndi omanga. Onsewa akhoza kuonjezera mwamsanga kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso. Iwo ali kale theka la seti yofunikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuposa theka.
Oyesa amapanganso mainjiniya abwino kwambiri a DevOps. Amadziwa zomwe zimagwira ntchito komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito, amadziwa zofooka ndi zofooka za mapulogalamu ndi hardware. Titha kunena kuti woyesa yemwe amadziwa zilankhulo zamapulogalamu ndipo amadziwa kulemba mapulogalamu ndi DevOps popanda mphindi zisanu.
Koma zidzakhala zovuta kwa woimira katswiri wosakhala waukadaulo yemwe sanachitepo kanthu ndi chitukuko kapena kasamalidwe kachitidwe. Zoonadi, palibe chosatheka, koma oyamba kumene amafunikabe kuwunika mokwanira mphamvu zawo. Zidzatenga nthawi yambiri kuti mupeze "chikwama" chofunikira.
Kodi DevOps angapeze kuti ntchito?
Kwa kampani yayikulu yomwe ntchito yake imagwirizana mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu ndi kasamalidwe ka hardware. Kuperewera kwakukulu kwa mainjiniya a DevOps kuli m'makampani omwe amapereka ntchito zambiri kuti athetse ogula. Awa ndi mabanki, ogwira ntchito pa telecom, othandizira pa intaneti, ndi zina zambiri. Mwa makampani omwe akulemba ntchito akatswiri opanga ma DevOps ndi Google, Facebook, Amazon, ndi Adobe.
Oyambitsa ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono akugwiritsanso ntchito DevOps, koma ambiri mwamakampaniwa, kuyitana mainjiniya a DevOps ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kufunikira kwenikweni. Inde, pali zosiyana, koma palibe ambiri a iwo. Makampani ang'onoang'ono amafunikira, m'malo mwake, "Switzerland, wokolola, ndi woyimba zitoliro," ndiko kuti, munthu wokhoza kugwira ntchito m'madera angapo. Malo ogulitsira abwino amatha kuthana ndi zonsezi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndikofunikira kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono; kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zogwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kwa mabizinesi apakatikati ndi akulu.
Nawa ntchito zina (mutha kutsatira zatsopano pa Habr Career pa ):
Malipiro a DevOps ku Russia ndi padziko lonse lapansi
Ku Russia, malipiro apakati a injiniya wa DevOps ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 132 pamwezi. Izi ndi zowerengera za malipiro a ntchito ya Habr Career, yopangidwa pamaziko a mafunso 170 a theka lachiwiri la 2. Inde, chitsanzocho si chachikulu kwambiri, koma ndi choyenera ngati "kutentha kwapakati pachipatala."
Pali malipiro mu kuchuluka kwa 250 rubles, pali pafupifupi 80 zikwi ndi kutsika pang'ono. Zonse zimadalira kampani, ziyeneretso ndi katswiri yekha, ndithudi.
Ponena za mayiko ena, ziwerengero za malipiro zimadziwikanso. Akatswiri a Stack Overflow adachita ntchito yabwino, kusanthula mbiri ya anthu pafupifupi 90 - osati DevOps okha, komanso oimira luso lapadera. Zinapezeka kuti Engineering Manager ndi DevOps amalandira kwambiri.
Katswiri wa DevOps amapeza pafupifupi $ 71 pachaka. Malinga ndi gwero la Ziprecruiter.com, malipiro a akatswiri pantchito imeneyi amachokera ku $ 86 pachaka. Chabwino, ntchito ya Payscale.com imasonyeza ziwerengero zina zomwe zimakondweretsa diso - malipiro apakati a katswiri wa DevOps, malinga ndi ntchitoyo, amaposa madola zikwi 91. Ndipo iyi ndi malipiro a katswiri wamkulu, pamene wamkulu angathe. kulandira $135 zikwi.
Pomaliza, ndiyenera kunena kuti kufunikira kwa DevOps kukukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono; kufunikira kwa akatswiri amtundu uliwonse kumaposa zomwe amapereka. Kotero ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kuyesa nokha m'derali. Zoona, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kulakalaka kokha sikuli kokwanira. Muyenera kukulitsa nthawi zonse, kuphunzira ndi kugwira ntchito.
Source: www.habr.com