Anton Weiss, woyambitsa ndi director wa Otomato Software, m'modzi mwa oyambitsa ndi aphunzitsi a satifiketi yoyamba ya DevOps ku Israel, adalankhula chaka chatha. za chiphunzitso cha chipwirikiti ndi mfundo zazikulu za uinjiniya wa chipwirikiti, ndikufotokozeranso momwe bungwe la DevOps lamtsogolo limagwirira ntchito.
Takonza zolemba za lipotilo.
Mmawa wabwino
DevOpsDays ku Moscow kwa chaka chachiwiri motsatizana, iyi ndi nthawi yanga yachiwiri pa siteji iyi, ambiri a inu muli mu chipinda chino kachiwiri. Zikutanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthauza kuti kayendetsedwe ka DevOps ku Russia ikukula, kuchulukitsa, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti tikambirane zomwe DevOps ili mu 2018.
Kwezani manja anu omwe mukuganiza kuti DevOps ndi ntchito kale mu 2018? Pali zoterozo. Kodi pali mainjiniya aliwonse a DevOps mchipindamo omwe malongosoledwe awo a ntchito akuti "DevOps Engineer"? Kodi pali oyang'anira DevOps mchipindachi? Palibe zoterozo. Omanga a DevOps? Komanso ayi. Osakwanira. Kodi ndizowona kuti palibe amene amati ndi injiniya wa DevOps?
Ndiye ambiri a inu mukuganiza kuti iyi ndi anti-pattern? Kuti ntchito yoteroyo siyenera kukhalako? Titha kuganiza chilichonse chomwe tikufuna, koma tikuganiza, makampaniwa akupita patsogolo kukulira kwa lipenga la DevOps.
Ndani wamvapo za mutu watsopano wotchedwa DevDevOps? Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yomwe imalola mgwirizano wogwira mtima pakati pa opanga ndi ma devops. Ndipo osati chatsopano. Poyang'ana Twitter, adayamba kale kuyankhula za izi zaka 4 zapitazo. Ndipo mpaka pano, chidwi pa izi chikukula ndikukula, ndiko kuti, pali vuto. Vutoli liyenera kuthetsedwa.
Ndife anthu opanga, sitimangopuma mophweka. Timati: DevOps si mawu okwanira; ikusowabe mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yosangalatsa. Ndipo timapita ku ma laboratories athu achinsinsi ndikuyamba kupanga masinthidwe osangalatsa: DevTestOps, GitOps, DevSecOps, BizDevOps, ProdOps.
Mfundoyi ndi ironclad, sichoncho? Njira yathu yobweretsera sikugwira ntchito, machitidwe athu ndi osakhazikika ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito sakhutira, tilibe nthawi yotulutsa mapulogalamu pa nthawi yake, sitikugwirizana ndi bajeti. Kodi zonsezi tithana nazo bwanji? Tibwera ndi mawu atsopano! Itha ndi "Ops" ndipo vutoli lithetsedwa.
Chifukwa chake ndimatcha njira iyi - "Ops, ndipo vuto lathetsedwa."
Izi zonse zimazimiririka kumbuyo ngati tidzikumbutsa tokha chifukwa chomwe tapangira zonsezi. Tinabwera ndi chinthu chonsechi cha DevOps kuti tipangitse mapulogalamu operekera mapulogalamu ndi ntchito yathu pakuchita izi mopanda zolepheretsa, zopanda ululu, zogwira mtima, komanso zofunika kwambiri, zosangalatsa momwe tingathere.
DevOps idakulirakulira. Ndipo tatopa ndi kuvutika. Ndipo kuti zonsezi zichitike, timadalira machitidwe obiriwira: mgwirizano wogwira ntchito, machitidwe oyendayenda, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, kachitidwe kakuganiza, chifukwa popanda DevOps palibe ntchito.
Kodi dongosolo ndi chiyani?
Ndipo ngati tikulankhula kale za kuganiza kwa kachitidwe, tiyeni tikumbukire tokha kuti dongosolo ndi chiyani.
Ngati ndinu owononga osintha, ndiye kuti dongosololi ndi loyipa kwambiri. Ndi mtambo umene umakhala pa inu ndi kukukakamizani kuchita zinthu zomwe simukufuna kuchita.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro amalingaliro amachitidwe, dongosolo ndi gawo lonse lomwe lili ndi magawo. M'lingaliro limeneli, aliyense wa ife ndi dongosolo. Mabungwe omwe timagwira nawo ntchito ndi machitidwe. Ndipo zomwe iwe ndi ine tikumanga zimatchedwa dongosolo.
Zonsezi ndi mbali ya dongosolo limodzi lalikulu la chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ndipo pokhapokha ngati timvetsetsa momwe dongosolo la chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zamakono limagwirira ntchito palimodzi, ndiye kuti tidzatha kukulitsadi china chake pankhaniyi.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro amachitidwe, kachitidwe kamakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Choyamba, chimakhala ndi zigawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti khalidwe lake limadalira khalidwe la ziwalozo. Komanso, ziwalo zake zonse zimadalirana. Zikuoneka kuti mbali zambiri zomwe dongosolo liri nalo, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa kapena kulosera za khalidwe lake.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro amakhalidwe, pali mfundo ina yosangalatsa. Dongosololi limatha kuchita zinthu zomwe palibe gawo lililonse lomwe lingachite.
Monga Dr. Russell Ackoff (m'modzi mwa oyambitsa machitidwe oganiza) adanena, izi ndizosavuta kutsimikizira ndi kuyesa kwamalingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, ndani m'chipindamo amadziwa kulemba code? Pali manja ambiri, ndipo izi ndi zachilendo, chifukwa ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yathu. Kodi mumadziwa kulemba, koma kodi manja anu angalembe ma code mosiyana ndi inu? Pali anthu omwe anganene kuti: "Si manja anga omwe amalemba code, ndi ubongo wanga umene umalemba code." Kodi ubongo wanu ungalembe khodi padera ndi inu? Chabwino, mwina ayi.
Ubongo ndi makina odabwitsa, sitidziwa ngakhale 10% ya momwe amagwirira ntchito kumeneko, koma sangathe kugwira ntchito mosiyana ndi dongosolo lomwe ndi thupi lathu. Ndipo izi ndizosavuta kutsimikizira: tsegulani chigaza chanu, chotsani ubongo wanu, chiyikeni patsogolo pa kompyuta, muloleni ayese kulemba chinthu chophweka. "Moni, dziko" mu Python, mwachitsanzo.
Ngati dongosolo lingathe kuchita chinachake chimene palibe mbali yake ingakhoze kuchita mosiyana, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti khalidwe lake silidziwika ndi khalidwe la ziwalo zake. Nanga chimatsimikiziridwa ndi chiyani? Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kugwirizana pakati pa zigawozi. Ndipo motere, mbali zambiri, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuyanjana, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa ndikudziwiratu khalidwe la dongosolo. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo loterolo likhale losokonezeka, chifukwa chilichonse, ngakhale chochepa kwambiri, kusintha kosaoneka mu gawo lililonse la dongosolo kungayambitse zotsatira zosayembekezereka.
Kukhudzika kumeneku pazikhalidwe zoyambira kudapezeka koyamba ndikuphunziridwa ndi katswiri wa zanyengo waku America Ed Lorenz. Pambuyo pake, idatchedwa "butterfly effect" ndipo inachititsa kuti pakhale kayendetsedwe ka lingaliro la sayansi lotchedwa "chaos theory." Chiphunzitsochi chinakhala chimodzi mwazosintha zazikulu zaparadigm m'zaka za zana la 20.
Chisokonezo chiphunzitso
Anthu amene amaphunzira chipwirikiti amadzitcha akatswiri achisokonezo.
Kwenikweni, chifukwa cha lipotili chinali chakuti, kugwira ntchito ndi machitidwe ovuta omwe amagawidwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu apadziko lonse, panthawi ina ndinazindikira kuti izi ndi zomwe ndikumverera. Ndine katswiri wazamisala. Iyi ndi njira yanzeru yonenera kuti: "Sindikumvetsa zomwe zikuchitika pano ndipo sindikudziwa choti ndichite nazo."
Ndikuganiza kuti ambiri a inunso nthawi zambiri mumamva chonchi, kotero inunso ndinu akatswiri achisokonezo. Ndikukuitanani ku gulu la akatswiri ofufuza zachisokonezo. Machitidwe omwe inu ndi ine, okonda chipwirikiti anzanga, tidzaphunzira amatchedwa "complex adaptive systems."
Kodi kusinthasintha ndi chiyani? Kusintha kumatanthawuza kuti machitidwe a munthu payekha komanso gulu la magawo mu dongosolo losinthika lotereli amasintha ndikudzipanga okha, kuyankha ku zochitika kapena unyolo wa zochitika zazing'ono mu dongosolo. Ndiko kuti, dongosololi limagwirizana ndi kusintha mwa kudzipanga nokha. Ndipo luso lodzipanga nokha lakhazikitsidwa pa mgwirizano wodzifunira, wokhazikika kwathunthu wa othandizira odziyimira pawokha.
Chinthu china chochititsa chidwi cha machitidwe otere ndi chakuti iwo ali omasuka scalable. Zomwe ziyenera kutichititsa chidwi ife, monga akatswiri a chaosologists-injiniya. Chotero, ngati tinanena kuti khalidwe la dongosolo locholoŵana limatsimikiziridwa ndi kugwirizana kwa ziwalo zake, ndiye kodi tiyenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi chiyani? Kuyanjana.
Palinso zinthu zina ziwiri zosangalatsa.
Choyamba, timamvetsetsa kuti dongosolo lovuta kwambiri silingafewetsedwe mwa kuphweka mbali zake. Chachiwiri, njira yokhayo yochepetsera dongosolo lovuta ndi kuchepetsa kuyanjana pakati pa ziwalo zake.
Kodi timayanjana bwanji? Inu ndi ine tonse ndife mbali za dongosolo lalikulu lachidziwitso lotchedwa gulu la anthu. Timalumikizana kudzera muchilankhulo chofala, ngati tili nacho, tikachipeza.
Koma chinenero pachokha ndi njira yovuta yosinthira. Chifukwa chake, kuti tizilumikizana bwino komanso mophweka, tiyenera kupanga ma protocol amtundu wina. Ndiko kuti, mndandanda wa zizindikiro ndi zochita zomwe zingapangitse kusinthana kwa chidziwitso pakati pathu kukhala kosavuta, kodziwika bwino, komveka bwino.
Ndikufuna kunena kuti zomwe zikuyenda movutikira, kusinthika, kugawikana, kupita ku chipwirikiti zitha kutsatiridwa mu chilichonse. Ndipo mu machitidwe omwe iwe ndi ine tikumanga, ndi mu machitidwe omwe ife tiri gawo lake.
Ndipo osati kukhala opanda maziko, tiyeni tiwone momwe machitidwe omwe timapanga akusintha.
Munali kuyembekezera mawu awa, ndamva. Tili pa msonkhano wa DevOps, lero mawu awa adzamveka pafupifupi nthawi zikwi zana ndipo tidzalota za izo usiku.
Ma Microservices ndi mapangidwe oyambirira a mapulogalamu omwe adatuluka ngati machitidwe a DevOps, omwe adapangidwa kuti apangitse machitidwe athu kukhala osinthika, owopsa, ndikuwonetsetsa kutumizidwa mosalekeza. Kodi amachita bwanji zimenezi? Pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mautumiki, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mavuto omwe ntchitozi zimagwira, kuchepetsa nthawi yoperekera. Ndiko kuti, timachepetsa ndi kuphweka mbali za dongosolo, kuwonjezera chiwerengero chawo, ndipo motero, zovuta zogwirizana pakati pa zigawozi zimawonjezeka nthawi zonse, ndiko kuti, mavuto atsopano amadza omwe tiyenera kuthetsa.
Microservices si mapeto, ma microservices ali, ambiri, kale dzulo, chifukwa Serverless ikubwera. Ma seva onse adawotchedwa, palibe ma seva, palibe makina ogwiritsira ntchito, code yotheka yokha. Zosintha ndizosiyana, maiko ndi osiyana, chilichonse chimayendetsedwa ndi zochitika. Kukongola, ukhondo, chete, palibe zochitika, palibe chomwe chimachitika, dongosolo lathunthu.
Kuvuta kuli kuti? Chovuta, ndithudi, chiri muzochita. Kodi ntchito imodzi ingachite bwanji palokha? Kodi zimagwirizana bwanji ndi ntchito zina? Mizere ya mauthenga, nkhokwe, zowerengera. Momwe mungakhazikitsirenso chochitika china chikalephera? Mafunso ambiri ndi mayankho ochepa.
Microservices ndi Serverless ndizomwe timatcha ma hipsters a Cloud Native. Zonse ndi za mtambo. Koma mtambo nawonso mwachibadwa uli ndi malire mu scalability. Tazolowera kuganiza za izo ngati dongosolo logawidwa. Ndipotu, kodi ma seva a cloud providers amakhala kuti? Mu data center. Ndiye kuti, tili ndi mtundu wapakati, wocheperako, wogawidwa pano.
Masiku ano tikumvetsetsa kuti intaneti ya Zinthu siilinso mawu akulu omwe ngakhale malinga ndi kulosera pang'ono, mabiliyoni a zida zolumikizidwa ndi intaneti zikutiyembekezera zaka zisanu kapena khumi zikubwerazi. Zambiri zothandiza komanso zopanda pake zomwe zidzaphatikizidwa mumtambo ndikukwezedwa kuchokera pamtambo.
Mtambo sukhalitsa, ndiye tikulankhula mochulukira za chinthu chotchedwa edge computing. Kapenanso ndimakonda kutanthauzira kodabwitsa kwa "fog computing". Zimakutidwa ndi zinsinsi za chikondi ndi zinsinsi.
Fog computing. Mfundo yake ndi yakuti mitambo imakhala pakati pa madzi, nthunzi, ayezi, ndi miyala. Ndipo chifunga ndi madontho a madzi amene amwazikana m’mlengalenga.
M'malingaliro a chifunga, ntchito zambiri zimachitidwa ndi madonthowa mopanda pake kapena mogwirizana ndi madontho ena. Ndipo amatembenukira kumtambo pokhapokha atapanikizidwa kwenikweni.
Ndiko kuti, kachiwiri kugawa, kudziyimira pawokha, ndipo, ndithudi, ambiri a inu mukumvetsa kumene zonsezi zikupita, chifukwa simungalankhule za kugawa dziko popanda kutchula blockchain.
Pali omwe amakhulupirira, awa ndi omwe adayika ndalama mu cryptocurrency. Pali amene amakhulupirira koma amaopa, monga ine, mwachitsanzo. Ndipo pali amene sakhulupirira. Pano mukhoza kuchitira mosiyana. Pali teknoloji, nkhani yatsopano yosadziwika, pali mavuto. Monga teknoloji iliyonse yatsopano, imadzutsa mafunso ambiri kuposa momwe imayankhira.
The hype kuzungulira blockchain ndi zomveka. Golide akuthamangira pambali, ukadaulo womwewo uli ndi malonjezo odabwitsa a tsogolo labwino: ufulu wochulukirapo, kudziyimira pawokha, kudalirika kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Sindikufuna chiyani?
Chifukwa chake, mainjiniya ochulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi ayamba kupanga mapulogalamu okhazikitsidwa. Ndipo iyi ndi mphamvu yomwe sitingayankhidwe ponena kuti: "Ahh, blockchain ndi nkhokwe yosungidwa bwino." Kapena monga okayikira amakonda kunena kuti: "Palibe mapulogalamu enieni a blockchain." Ngati muganiza, zaka 150 zapitazo iwo ananenanso chimodzimodzi ponena za magetsi. Ndipo zinali zolondola m’njira zina, chifukwa chimene magetsi amapangitsa kuti chitheke lerolino sichinali chotheka m’zaka za zana la 19.
Mwa njira, ndani amadziwa mtundu wa logo womwe uli pazenera? Izi ndi Hyperledger. Iyi ndi pulojekiti yomwe ikupangidwa mothandizidwa ndi The Linux Foundation ndipo ikuphatikiza ukadaulo wa blockchain. Uku ndiye mphamvu ya gulu lathu lotseguka.
Chaos Engineering
Choncho, dongosolo limene tikupanga likukhala lovuta kwambiri, lachisokonezo, komanso lowonjezereka. Netflix ndi apainiya a microservice systems. Iwo anali m'gulu la oyamba kumvetsetsa izi, adapanga zida zomwe adazitcha kuti Simian Army, yotchuka kwambiri yomwe inali . Anafotokoza zomwe zinadziwika kuti .
Mwa njira, pogwira ntchito pa lipotilo, tinamasuliranso nkhaniyi m'Chirasha, choncho pitani , werengani, perekani ndemanga, dzudzulani.
Mwachidule, mfundo za uinjiniya wachisokonezo zimanena izi. Machitidwe ovuta omwe amagawidwa amakhala osadziwikiratu ndipo mwachibadwa amakhala ndi ngolo. Zolakwa ndizosapeŵeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuvomereza zolakwikazi ndikugwira ntchito ndi machitidwewa mosiyana kwambiri.
Ife tokha tiyenera kuyesa kubweretsa zolakwika izi m'machitidwe athu opanga kuti tiyese machitidwe athu kuti azitha kusinthika, luso lomweli lodzipanga tokha, kuti tipulumuke.
Ndipo izo zimasintha chirichonse. Osati kokha momwe timayambira machitidwe pakupanga, komanso momwe timawapangira, momwe timawayesera. Palibe njira yokhazikitsira kapena kuzizira kwa code; M'malo mwake, pali njira yokhazikika yosokoneza. Tikuyesera kupha dongosolo ndikuwona likupitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo.
Ma Protocol a Distributed System Integration
Chifukwa chake, izi zimafuna kuti machitidwe athu asinthe mwanjira ina. Kuti akhale okhazikika, amafunikira njira zatsopano zolumikizirana pakati pa magawo awo. Kotero kuti magawowa agwirizane ndikubwera ku mtundu wina wodzipangira okha. Ndipo mitundu yonse ya zida zatsopano, ma protocol atsopano amawuka, omwe ndimawatcha "protocols for the interact of distribution systems."
Kodi ndikunena chiyani? Choyamba, polojekiti . Ena amayesa kupanga njira yotsatirira yogawa, yomwe ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera machitidwe ovuta omwe amagawidwa.
Komanso - . Tikunena kuti sitingathe kulosera zomwe zidzachitike ku dongosololi, ndiye kuti, tiyenera kuwonjezera kuwonetsetsa kwake, kuwonetsetsa. Opentracing ndi gulu la zida zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe ku machitidwe athu. Koma tifunika kuwonetseredwa kuti tidziwe ngati dongosololi likuchita momwe timayembekezera kapena ayi. Kodi khalidwe loyembekezeredwa tingalifotokoze bwanji? Pofotokoza mtundu wina wa ndondomeko, malamulo ena. Pulojekiti ya Open Policy Agent ikugwira ntchito yofotokozera malamulowa m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuyambira kupeza mpaka kugawika kwazinthu.
Monga tanenera, machitidwe athu akuchulukirachulukira oyendetsedwa ndi zochitika. Serverless ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha machitidwe oyendetsedwa ndi zochitika. Kuti tithe kusamutsa zochitika pakati pa machitidwe ndikuwatsata, timafunikira chinenero chodziwika bwino, ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya momwe timalankhulira za zochitika, momwe timapatsirana wina ndi mzake. Izi ndi zomwe polojekiti ina imatcha .
Kusintha kosalekeza kwa kusintha komwe kumatsuka pamakina athu, kumawasokoneza nthawi zonse, ndikupitilira kwazinthu zamapulogalamu. Kuti tikhalebe ndi kusintha kosasintha kumeneku, timafunikira mtundu wina wa protocol womwe tingathe kuyankhula za zomwe pulogalamu ya pulogalamuyo ili, momwe imayesedwera, kutsimikizira komwe kwadutsa. Izi ndi zomwe polojekiti ina imatcha . Ndiye kuti, protocol wamba ya metadata yamapulogalamu apakompyuta.
Ndipo potsiriza, ngati tikufuna kuti machitidwe athu akhale odziimira okha, osinthika, komanso odzipangira okha, tiyenera kuwapatsa ufulu wodzizindikiritsa. Pulojekiti idayimbidwa Izi ndi zomwe amachita. Iyinso ndi pulojekiti yomwe ili pansi pa Cloud Native Computing Foundation.
Ntchito zonsezi ndi zazing'ono, zonse zimafunikira chikondi chathu, kutsimikiziridwa kwathu. Izi zonse ndi gwero lotseguka, kuyesa kwathu, kukhazikitsa kwathu. Amatiwonetsa komwe ukadaulo ukulowera.
Koma DevOps sinakhalepo makamaka zaukadaulo, zakhala zikukhudzana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa anthu. Ndipo, motero, ngati tikufuna kuti machitidwe omwe timapanga asinthe, ndiye ife tokha tiyenera kusintha. M'malo mwake, tikusintha; tilibe zosankha zambiri.
Pali zodabwitsa Mlembi wa ku Britain Rachel Botsman, m’mene analembamo za kusinthika kwa kukhulupirirana m’mbiri yonse ya anthu. Iye ananena kuti poyamba, m’madera amene anthu osauka ankakhulupirirana, ndiye kuti tinkadalira anthu amene timawadziwa bwino.
Ndiye panali nthawi yaitali kwambiri - nthawi yamdima pamene chidaliro chinali pakati, pamene tinayamba kudalira anthu omwe sitikuwadziwa chifukwa chakuti ndife a bungwe lomwelo la boma kapena boma.
Ndipo izi ndi zomwe tikuwona m'dziko lathu lamakono: chikhulupiliro chikufalikira ndikugawidwa, ndipo chimachokera ku ufulu wa chidziwitso, pa kupezeka kwa chidziwitso.
Ngati mukuganiza za izi, kupezeka komweku, komwe kumapangitsa chidalirochi kukhala chotheka, ndi zomwe inu ndi ine tikuchita. Izi zikutanthauza kuti momwe timagwirira ntchito komanso momwe timachitira ziyenera kusintha, chifukwa mabungwe apakati, otsogola a IT akale sakugwiranso ntchito. Iwo amayamba kufa.
Zofunikira za Gulu la DevOps
Bungwe loyenera la DevOps lamtsogolo ndi dongosolo lokhazikika, losinthika lopangidwa ndi magulu odziyimira pawokha, lililonse lopangidwa ndi anthu odziyimira pawokha. Maguluwa amwazikana padziko lonse lapansi, akuthandizana bwino wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kosagwirizana, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana zowonekera kwambiri. Zokongola kwambiri, sichoncho? Tsogolo lokongola kwambiri.
Inde, palibe mwa izi zotheka popanda kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. Tiyenera kukhala ndi utsogoleri wosintha, udindo waumwini, zolimbikitsa zamkati.
Awa ndiye maziko a mabungwe a DevOps: kuwonekera kwazidziwitso, kulumikizana kosagwirizana, utsogoleri wosintha, kugawa.
Kutentha
Machitidwe omwe ife tiri nawo ndi omwe timamanga akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwa ife anthu kuti tithane ndi lingaliro ili, n'zovuta kusiya chinyengo cha ulamuliro. Timayesetsa kupitiriza kuwalamulira, ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimabweretsa kutopa. Ndikunena izi kuchokera muzochitika zanga, ndidatenthedwanso, ndidali wolumala chifukwa cha zolephera zosayembekezereka pakupanga.
Kupsya mtima kumachitika pamene tiyesa kulamulira chinthu chomwe mwachibadwa sichingalamulire. Tikapsa, chilichonse chimataya tanthauzo lake chifukwa timataya chikhumbo chofuna kuchita china chatsopano, timadzitchinjiriza ndikuyamba kuteteza zomwe tili nazo.
Ntchito ya uinjiniya, monga ndimakonda kudzikumbutsa nthawi zambiri, ndi ntchito yopangira zinthu. Ngati titaya chikhumbo cholenga chinachake, ndiye kuti timasanduka phulusa, kukhala phulusa. Anthu akuwotcha, mabungwe onse atha.
Malingaliro anga, kungovomereza mphamvu yolenga ya chisokonezo, kungomanga mgwirizano malinga ndi mfundo zake ndizo zomwe zingatithandize kuti tisataye zomwe zili zabwino mu ntchito yathu.
Izi ndi zomwe ndikufuna kwa inu: kukonda ntchito yanu, kukonda zomwe timachita. Dzikoli likudya zambiri, tili ndi mwayi wolidyetsa. Chifukwa chake tiyeni tiphunzire chipwirikiti, tikhale ochita chipwirikiti, tiyeni tibweretse phindu, tipange china chatsopano, chabwino, mavuto, monga tadziwira kale, ndi osapeŵeka, ndipo akawoneka, tidzangonena kuti "Ops!" Ndipo vuto lathetsedwa.
Ndi chiyani china kupatula Chaos Monkey?
Ndipotu zida zonsezi ndi zazing'ono kwambiri. Netflix yemweyo adadzipangira zida. Pangani zida zanuzanu. Werengani mfundo za uinjiniya wachisokonezo ndikukhala mogwirizana ndi mfundozo m'malo moyesa kupeza zida zina zomwe wina wamanga kale.
Yesetsani kumvetsetsa momwe machitidwe anu amawonongera ndikuyamba kuwaphwanya ndikuwona momwe akukhalira. Izi zimabwera poyamba. Ndipo mukhoza kuyang'ana zida. Pali mitundu yonse ya ntchito.
Sindinamvetsetse nthawi yomwe munanena kuti makinawo sangafewetsedwe mwa kufewetsa zigawo zake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasunthira ku ma microservices, omwe amathandizira kachitidweko kachipangizoka kamene kamakhala kosavuta komanso kusokoneza kulumikizana. Izi ndi zigawo ziwiri zomwe zimatsutsana.
Ndiko kulondola, ma microservices ndi nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kusintha magawo kumawonjezera kusinthasintha. Kodi ma microservices amapereka chiyani? Amatipatsa ife kusinthasintha ndi liwiro, koma ndithudi samatipatsa ife kuphweka. Iwo amawonjezera zovuta.
Kotero, mu filosofi ya DevOps, ma microservices si chinthu chabwino chotero?
Ubwino uliwonse uli ndi mbali yakumbuyo. Phindu ndiloti limawonjezera kusinthasintha, kutilola kuti tisinthe mofulumira, koma kumawonjezera zovuta ndipo motero kufooka kwa dongosolo lonse.
Komabe, ndi chiyani chomwe chikugogomezera kwambiri: kufewetsa kulumikizana kapena kufewetsa mbali?
Kugogomezera, ndithudi, ndi kufewetsa kuyanjana, chifukwa ngati tiyang'ana izi kuchokera ku momwe timagwirira ntchito ndi inu, ndiye, choyamba, tiyenera kumvetsera kupeputsa kuyanjana, osati kuchepetsa ntchito. aliyense payekhapayekha. Chifukwa kufewetsa ntchito kumatanthauza kusintha maloboti. Pano ku McDonald's zimagwira ntchito bwino mukakhala ndi malangizo: apa mumayika burger, apa mumatsanulira msuzi. Izi sizikugwira ntchito konse mu ntchito yathu yolenga.
Kodi ndizowona kuti zonse zomwe mwanena zimakhala m'dziko lopanda mpikisano, ndipo chisokonezo chomwe chilipo ndi chokoma mtima, ndipo palibe zotsutsana mkati mwa chisokonezo ichi, palibe amene akufuna kudya kapena kupha aliyense? Kodi mpikisano ndi DevOps ziyenera kuyenda bwanji?
Chabwino, zimatengera mtundu wa mpikisano womwe tikukamba. Kodi ndi za mpikisano kuntchito kapena mpikisano pakati pa makampani?
Za mpikisano wa mautumiki omwe alipo chifukwa mautumiki si makampani angapo. Tikupanga mtundu watsopano wa chidziwitso, ndipo chilengedwe chilichonse sichingakhale popanda mpikisano. Pali mpikisano paliponse.
Netflix yemweyo, timawatenga ngati chitsanzo. N’chifukwa chiyani anabwera ndi zimenezi? Chifukwa anafunika kukhala opikisana. Kusinthasintha ndi liwiro la kuyenda uku ndikofunika kwambiri pampikisano; kumabweretsa chisokonezo mu machitidwe athu. Ndiko kuti, chipwirikiti sichinthu chomwe timachita mozindikira chifukwa tikuchifuna, ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika chifukwa dziko likufuna. Timangoyenera kusintha. Ndipo chisokonezo, ndi zotsatira za mpikisano.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti chipwirikiti ndichosowa zolinga, titero kunena kwake? Kapena zolinga zomwe sitikufuna kuziwona? Tili m'nyumba ndipo sitimvetsetsa zolinga za ena. Mpikisano, kwenikweni, umachitika chifukwa chakuti tili ndi zolinga zomveka bwino ndipo timadziwa komwe tidzathera mphindi iliyonse yotsatira. Izi, m'malingaliro anga, ndiye gwero la DevOps.
Onaninso funso. Ndikuganiza kuti tonse tili ndi cholinga chofanana: kupulumuka ndikuchita nawo
chisangalalo chachikulu. Ndipo cholinga champikisano cha bungwe lililonse ndi chimodzimodzi. Kupulumuka nthawi zambiri kumachitika kudzera mumpikisano, palibe chomwe mungachite.
Msonkhano wa chaka chino zidzachitika pa Disembala 7 ku Technopolis. Tikuvomereza zofunsira malipoti mpaka Novembara 11. ife ngati mukufuna kuyankhula.
Kulembetsa kwa omwe atenga nawo gawo kumatsegulidwa, matikiti amawononga ma ruble 7000. Titsatireni!
Source: www.habr.com