Posachedwapa, zotsatsa zoterezi zafalikira pa intaneti. Ngakhale malipiro osangalatsa, munthu sangachite manyazi kuti mpatuko wolusa walembedwa mkati. Poyamba zimaganiziridwa kuti "DevOps" ndi "injiniya" akhoza kulumikizidwa pamodzi kukhala liwu limodzi, ndiyeno pali mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira, zomwe zina zimakopera bwino kuchokera ku sysadmin.
Mu positi iyi ndikufuna kuti ndilankhule pang'ono za momwe tafikira ku moyo uno, zomwe DevOps kwenikweni ndi zomwe tingachite nazo tsopano.
Ntchito zotere zimatha kutsutsidwa mwanjira iliyonse, koma chowonadi ndi chakuti pali ambiri aiwo, ndipo umu ndi momwe msika umagwirira ntchito pakadali pano. Tidachita msonkhano wa devops ndikulengeza poyera kuti: " - osati kwa mainjiniya a DevOps." Apa, ambiri adzapeza zachilendo komanso zakutchire: chifukwa chiyani anthu omwe akuchita malonda kwathunthu amatsutsana ndi msika. Tsopano tifotokoza zonse.
Za chikhalidwe ndi ndondomeko
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti DevOps si chilango cha uinjiniya. Zonse zinayamba ndi mfundo yakuti kugawikana kwa maudindo komwe kunakhazikitsidwa kale sikugwira ntchito pa khalidwe lazogulitsa. Pamene opanga mapulogalamu amangokhala pulogalamu, koma sakufuna kumva chilichonse chokhudza kuyezetsa, pulogalamuyo imakhala ndi nsikidzi. Pamene ma admins samasamala momwe pulogalamuyo imalembedwera kapena chifukwa chiyani, chithandizo chimasanduka gehena.
Mwachitsanzo, kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pa woyang'anira dongosolo ndi njira ya SRE yoyendetsera ntchito . Maphunziro ochititsa chidwi achitika mkati - zikuwonekeratu kuti opanga bwino mwanjira ina amatha kutumiza zosintha zatsopano pakupanga mwachangu kuposa kamodzi pa ola. Amayesa ndi manja osaposa 10% (izi zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ). Kodi amachita bwanji zimenezi? "Excel or die" umatero umodzi mwa mitu ya lipotilo. Kuti mumve zambiri za ziwerengerozi poyesa kuyesa, mutha kulozera ku mfundo yayikulu ya Baruch Sadogursky. pamsonkhano wathu wina, Heisenbug.
“Pamene palibe mgwirizano pakati pa abwenzi,
Zinthu siziwayendera bwino,
Ndipo palibe chimene chidzatuluka m’menemo, koma chilango;
Kalekale Swan, Crayfish ndi Pike ..."
Ndi gawo liti la opanga mawebusayiti omwe mukuganiza kuti amamvetsetsa momwe mapulogalamu awo amagwiritsidwira ntchito popanga? Ndi angati omwe angapite kwa ma admin ndikuyesera kudziwa zomwe zingachitike ngati database yawonongeka? Ndipo ndani mwa iwo amene adzapita kwa oyesa ndikuwafunsa kuti awaphunzitse kulemba mayeso molondola? Ndipo palinso alonda, oyang'anira malonda, ndi gulu la anthu ena.
Lingaliro lonse la DevOps ndikupanga mgwirizano pakati pa maudindo ndi madipatimenti. Choyamba, izi zimatheka osati ndi mapulogalamu opangidwa mwanzeru, koma ndi machitidwe oyankhulana. DevOps ndi za chikhalidwe, machitidwe, njira ndi njira. Palibe luso la uinjiniya lomwe lingayankhe mafunso awa.
Gulu loyipa
Kodi mwambo wa “devops engineering” unachokera kuti? Tili ndi mtundu! Malingaliro a DevOps anali abwino-abwino kwambiri kotero kuti adakhala ozunzidwa ndi kupambana kwawo. Olemba anthu ena achifwamba komanso ozembetsa anthu, omwe ali ndi malo awoawo, adayamba kuzungulira mutu wonsewu.
Tangoganizani: dzulo munali kupanga shawarma ku Khimki, ndipo lero ndinu munthu wamkulu, wolemba wamkulu. Pali njira yonse yofufuzira ndikusankha ofuna, zonse sizophweka, muyenera kumvetsetsa. Tiyerekeze kuti mutu wa dipatimentiyo akuti: pezani katswiri mu X. Timapereka mawu oti "injiniya" kwa X, ndipo tamaliza. Mukufuna Linux? Inde, uyu ndi injiniya wa Linux, ngati mukufuna DevOps, ndiye injiniya wa DevOps. Ntchitoyi ilibe mutu wokha, komanso zolemba zina ziyenera kulowa mkati. Njira yosavuta ndikulowetsa mawu osakira kuchokera ku Google, kutengera malingaliro anu. DevOps ili ndi mawu awiri - "Dev" ndi "Ops", kutanthauza kuti tifunika kumata pamodzi mawu osakira okhudzana ndi omanga ndi oyang'anira, onse kukhala mulu umodzi. Umu ndi momwe mipata imawonekera ponena za luso la zilankhulo 42 ndi zaka 20 zogwiritsa ntchito Kubernetes ndi Swarm nthawi imodzi. Chithunzi chogwirira ntchito.
Umu ndi momwe chithunzi chopanda tanthauzo komanso chopanda chifundo cha munthu wamkulu wa "devops" wakhazikika m'maganizo a anthu, omwe adzakonza aliyense kuti atumize kwa Jenkins, ndipo chisangalalo chidzabwera. O, zikanakhala kuti zonse zinali zophweka. "Ndipo umu ndi momwe mungasakayikire oyang'anira makina," akuganiza a HR, "ndi mawu apamwamba, mawu osakira ndi ofanana, ayenera kutenga nyambo."
Kufuna kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kupezeka, ndipo malo onse a zinyalalawa adzazidwa ndi olamulira amisala omwe adazindikira: mutha kuchita chilichonse monga kale, koma pezani kangapo podzitcha "devops." Monga momwe mudasinthira ma seva kudzera pa SSH pamanja imodzi panthawi, mupitiliza kuwakonza, koma tsopano izi ndizoyenera kuchita. Uwu ndi mtundu wina wazinthu zovuta, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa ma admins akale komanso hype kuzungulira DevOps, koma zambiri, zomwe zidachitika, zidachitika.
Chifukwa chake tili ndi zofunikira. Bwalo loyipa lomwe limadzidyetsa lokha. Izi ndi zomwe tikulimbana nazo (kuphatikiza kupanga msonkhano wa DevOops).
Zachidziwikire, kuwonjezera pa oyang'anira dongosolo omwe adzitchanso "devops," pali ena omwe atenga nawo gawo - mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a SRE kapena opanga Infrastructure-as-Code.
Zomwe anthu amachita ku DevOps (kwenikweni)
Chifukwa chake mukufuna kupita patsogolo pakuphunzira ndikugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a DevOps. Koma bwanji izi, mbali kuyang'ana? Mwachiwonekere, simuyenera kudalira mwachimbulimbuli mawu osakira otchuka.
Ngati pali ntchito, wina ayenera kuigwira. Tapeza kale kuti awa si "mainjiniya a devops", ndiye ndani? Zikuwoneka zolondola kwambiri kupanga izi osati motengera maudindo, koma molingana ndi madera ena antchito.
Choyamba, mutha kuthana ndi mtima wa DevOps-njira ndi chikhalidwe. Chikhalidwe ndi bizinesi yapang'onopang'ono komanso yovuta, ndipo ngakhale mwamwambo ndi udindo wa oyang'anira, aliyense amachita nawo mwanjira ina, kuyambira opanga mapulogalamu mpaka oyang'anira. Miyezi ingapo yapitayo Tim Lister :
"Chikhalidwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu za bungwe. Nthawi zambiri anthu samazindikira izi, koma titagwira ntchito yofunsira kwa zaka zambiri, tazolowera kuzizindikira. Mumalowa mukampani ndipo pakangopita mphindi zochepa mumayamba kumva zomwe zikuchitika. Izi timazitcha "kununkhira". Nthawi zina fungo ili limakhala labwino kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimayambitsa nseru. (...) Simungasinthe chikhalidwe mpaka zikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiriro za zochita zinazake zimveke. Khalidwe ndi losavuta kuwona, koma kufunafuna zikhulupiriro ndikovuta. DevOps ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe zinthu zikuchulukirachulukira. ”
Palinso gawo laukadaulo la nkhaniyi, ndithudi. Ngati code yanu yatsopano iyesedwa m'mwezi umodzi, koma imatulutsidwa patangopita chaka chimodzi, ndipo ndizosatheka kufulumizitsa zonsezo, simungathe kuchita bwino. Zochita zabwino zimathandizidwa ndi zida zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, ndi lingaliro la Infrastructure-as-Code mu malingaliro, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse kuchokera ku AWS CloudFormation ndi Terraform mpaka Chef-Ansible-Puppet. Muyenera kudziwa ndikutha kuchita zonsezi, ndipo iyi ndi njira yaukadaulo kale. Ndikofunika kuti musasokoneze chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake: choyamba mumagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo za SRE ndiyeno pokhapo mugwiritse ntchito mfundozi mwa njira zina zothetsera luso. Nthawi yomweyo, SRE ndi njira yokwanira kwambiri yomwe sikukuuzani momwe mungakhazikitsire Jenkins, koma mfundo zisanu zofunika:
- Kulankhulana bwino pakati pa maudindo ndi madipatimenti
- Kuvomereza zolakwika monga gawo lofunikira la ntchito
- Kusintha pang'onopang'ono
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zina zokha
- Kuyeza chilichonse chomwe chingayesedwe
Izi sizinthu zina chabe, koma zachindunji . Mwachitsanzo, panjira yovomereza zolakwika, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwake, kuyeza kupezeka ndi kusapezeka kwa mautumiki pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga SLI (ndi SLO (), phunzirani kulemba ma postmortems ndikupangitsa kulemba kuti zisawopsyeze.
Pachilangizo cha SRE, kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi gawo limodzi lokha lachipambano, ngakhale chofunikira. Tiyenera kukulitsa mwaukadaulo nthawi zonse, kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi komanso momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito ntchito yathu.
Komanso, mayankho a Cloud Native tsopano atchuka kwambiri. Monga momwe Cloud Native Computing Foundation imafotokozera masiku ano, matekinoloje a Cloud Native amathandizira mabungwe kupanga ndi kuyendetsa mapulogalamu owopsa m'malo amakono, monga mitambo yapagulu, yachinsinsi, komanso yosakanizidwa. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo zotengera, ma meshes a ntchito, ma microservices, zomangamanga zosasinthika, ndi ma API olengeza. Njira zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti machitidwe osakanikirana azitha kukhala otanuka, otha kuwongolera, komanso owoneka bwino. Makina abwino amalola mainjiniya kuti azisintha kwambiri pafupipafupi komanso ndi zotsatira zodziwikiratu popanda kuzipangitsa kukhala zotopetsa. Zonsezi zimathandizidwa ndi zida zodziwika bwino monga Docker ndi Kubernetes.
Kutanthauzira kovuta komanso kotakata kumeneku ndi chifukwa chakuti derali ndi lovuta kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, akuti kusintha kwatsopano kwadongosolo lino kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa mophweka. Kumbali ina, kudziwa momwe mungapangire malo okhalamo momwe mautumiki olumikizidwa mosasamala amakhala pamapulogalamu opangidwa ndi mapulogalamu ndipo amaperekedwa kumeneko pogwiritsa ntchito CI/CD mosalekeza, ndikupanga machitidwe a DevOps mozungulira zonsezi - zonsezi zimafunikira zambiri. kuposa momwe munthu amadyera galu.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi zonsezi
Aliyense amathetsa mavutowa m'njira yakeyake: mwachitsanzo, mutha kufalitsa zidziwitso zabwinobwino kuti muthetse vutolo. Mutha kudziwa zomwe mawu ngati DevOps ndi Cloud Native amatanthauza ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso molunjika. Mutha kupanga mu DevOps ndikuwonetsa njira zoyenera ndi chitsanzo chanu.
Tikuchita msonkhano , zomwe zimatipatsa mpata woti tifufuze mozama pazimene takambiranazi. Pali magulu angapo a malipoti a izi:
- Njira ndi chikhalidwe;
- Malo Odalirika Engineering;
- Native Cloud;
Mungasankhe bwanji komwe mungapite? Pali mfundo yobisika apa. Kumbali imodzi, DevOps ndi yokhudzana ndi kuyanjana, ndipo tikufuna kuti mupite nawo pazowonetsa kuchokera kumabwalo osiyanasiyana. Kumbali inayi, ngati ndinu woyang'anira chitukuko yemwe adabwera kumsonkhano kuti aganizire ntchito imodzi, ndiye kuti palibe amene angakulepheretseni - mwachiwonekere, izi zidzakhala chipika pazochitika ndi chikhalidwe. Musaiwale kuti mudzakhala ndi zojambulira pambuyo pa msonkhano (mutatha kulemba fomu yopereka ndemanga), kotero kuti nthawi zonse mumatha kuwonera ulaliki wocheperako pambuyo pake.
Mwachiwonekere, pamsonkhano womwewo simungathe kupita pamayendedwe atatu nthawi imodzi, kotero timakonzekera pulogalamuyo kuti nthawi iliyonse imakhala ndi mitu ya kukoma kulikonse.
Zomwe zatsala ndikumvetsetsa zoyenera kuchita ngati ndinu injiniya wa DevOps! Choyamba, yesani kudziwa zomwe mukuchita. Nthawi zambiri amakonda kutchula mawu awa:
- Madivelopa omwe amagwira ntchito pazomangamanga. Magulu a malipoti okhudza SRE ndi Cloud Native ndi oyenera kwambiri kwa inu.
- Oyang'anira machitidwe. Ndizovuta kwambiri apa. DevOops sizokhudza kasamalidwe kadongosolo. Mwamwayi, pali misonkhano yambiri yabwino kwambiri, mabuku, zolemba, makanema pa intaneti, ndi zina zambiri pamutu wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Kumbali ina, ngati mukufuna kudzikulitsa nokha pomvetsetsa chikhalidwe ndi njira, kuphunzira zaukadaulo wamtambo ndi tsatanetsatane wa moyo ndi Cloud Native, ndiye kuti tingakonde kukuwonani! Ganizirani izi: mukuchita utsogoleri, ndiyeno mutani? Kuti mupewe kudzipeza mwadzidzidzi mumkhalidwe wosasangalatsa, muyenera kuphunzira tsopano.
Palinso njira ina: mumalimbikira ndikupitiriza kunena kuti ndinu makamaka injiniya wa DevOps ndipo palibe china chirichonse, chirichonse chimene icho chikutanthauza. Ndiye tiyenera kukukhumudwitsani, DevOops si msonkhano wa mainjiniya a DevOps!
Yendani kuchokera ku Munich
DevOops 2020 Moscow idzachitika pa Epulo 29-30 ku Moscow, matikiti akupezeka kale .
Kapena, mungathe mpaka February 8. Chonde dziwani kuti polemba fomuyo, muyenera kusankha omvera omwe angapindule kwambiri ndi lipoti lanu (pali chodabwitsa chokwiriridwa mkati mwa mndandanda).
Source: www.habr.com