Mau oyamba
Dongosolo lachidziwitso kuchokera kumalingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito likufotokozedwa bwino mu GOST RV 51987 - "makina odzichitira okha, omwe zotsatira zake ndikuwonetsa zidziwitso zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito motsatira." Ngati tiganizira zamkati, ndiye kuti IS ndi dongosolo la ma aligorivimu olumikizana omwe amakhazikitsidwa mu code. M'lingaliro lalikulu la chiphunzitso cha Turing-Church, algorithm (kapena IS) imasintha gulu lazolowera kukhala gulu lazotulutsa.
Wina akhoza kunena kuti kusintha kwa deta yolowetsa ndilo tanthauzo la kukhalapo kwa chidziwitso. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa IS ndi zovuta zonse za IS zimatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu mtengo wa zolowetsa ndi zotuluka.
Kutengera izi, mapangidwe ayenera kuyamba ndi kuyendetsedwa ndi deta, kukonza zomangamanga ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwira komanso kufunikira kwa deta.
Deta yosungidwa
Gawo lofunikira pokonzekera mapangidwe ndikupeza mikhalidwe ya seti zonse za data zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zikonzedwe ndi kusungidwa. Makhalidwewa ndi awa:
- Kuchuluka kwa data;
- Chidziwitso chokhudza moyo wa data (kukula kwa data yatsopano, kutalika kwa moyo, kukonza kwa data yakale);
- Kugawika kwa data kuchokera pamalingaliro kukhudzika pabizinesi yayikulu ya kampani (utatu wachinsinsi, kukhulupirika, kupezeka) pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zachuma (mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa kutayika kwa data mu ola lomaliza);
- Geography ya data processing (malo enieni a processing systems);
- Zofunikira pakuwongolera pagulu lililonse la data (mwachitsanzo, Federal Law-152, PCI DSS).
Information Systems
Deta sikuti imasungidwa, komanso imasinthidwa (kusinthidwa) ndi machitidwe azidziwitso. Chotsatira mutatha kupeza mawonekedwe a deta ndi mndandanda wathunthu wa machitidwe azidziwitso, mawonekedwe awo a zomangamanga, kudalirana ndi zofunikira za zomangamanga m'mayunitsi ochiritsira amitundu inayi yazinthu:
- Mphamvu yamakompyuta a processor;
- kuchuluka kwa RAM;
- Zofunikira pakuchulukira ndi magwiridwe antchito adongosolo losungira deta;
- Zofunikira pa netiweki yotumizira ma data (njira zakunja, mayendedwe pakati pa zigawo za IS).
Pankhaniyi, payenera kukhala zofunikira pa ntchito iliyonse/microservice monga gawo la IS.
Payokha, m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti, kuti apange mapangidwe olondola, kupezeka kwa deta pa zotsatira za IS pa bizinesi yaikulu ya kampani monga mtengo wa IS downtime (ma ruble pa ola) ndizovomerezeka.
Zowopsa chitsanzo
Payenera kukhala chitsanzo chowopseza chomwe chikukonzekera kuteteza deta / ntchito. Komanso, chitsanzo chowopseza sichimaphatikizapo mbali zachinsinsi, komanso kukhulupirika ndi kupezeka. Iwo. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kulephera kwa seva yakuthupi;
- Kulephera kwa kusintha kwapamwamba-pamwamba;
- Kusokonezeka kwa njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana pakati pa ma data;
- Kulephera kwa njira yonse yosungiramo ntchito.
Nthawi zina, zitsanzo zowopseza zimalembedwa osati pazigawo zachitukuko, komanso machitidwe a chidziwitso kapena zigawo zawo, monga kulephera kwa DBMS ndi kuwononga koyenera kwa deta.
Zosankha zonse mkati mwa polojekitiyi kuti muteteze ku chiopsezo chosadziwika ndizosafunikira.
Zofunikira pakuwongolera
Ngati deta yomwe ikukonzedwayo ikugwirizana ndi malamulo apadera okhazikitsidwa ndi olamulira, chidziwitso chokhudza ma seti a deta ndi malamulo opangira / kusunga amafunika.
Zolinga za RPO/RTO
Kupanga chitetezo chamtundu uliwonse kumafuna kukhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatayika komanso nthawi yobwezeretsa ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwazo.
Moyenera, RPO ndi RTO ziyenera kukhala ndi ndalama zofananira za kutayika kwa data ndi kutsika kwa nthawi pagawo lililonse.
Gawani m'madziwe azinthu
Pambuyo posonkhanitsa zidziwitso zonse zoyambira, choyambira ndikuyika ma data ndi IP m'madziwe potengera zitsanzo zowopseza komanso zofunikira pakuwongolera. Mtundu wa magawano a maiwe osiyanasiyana amatsimikiziridwa - mwadongosolo pamlingo wa pulogalamu yamapulogalamu kapena mwathupi.
zitsanzo:
- The dera processing deta yaumwini kwathunthu olekanitsidwa ndi machitidwe ena;
- Zosunga zobwezeretsera zimasungidwa pamtundu wina wosungira.
Pachifukwa ichi, maiwewo akhoza kukhala odziimira mopanda malire, mwachitsanzo, madziwe awiri a makompyuta amatanthauzidwa (kukonza mphamvu + RAM), omwe amagwiritsa ntchito dziwe losungiramo deta limodzi ndi dziwe limodzi lothandizira deta.
Processing mphamvu
Mwachidule, mphamvu zogwirira ntchito zapakati pa data zimayesedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa mapurosesa (vCPUs) ndi chiΕ΅erengero chawo chophatikiza pa ma processor akuthupi (pCPU). Pankhaniyi, 1 pCPU = 1 purosesa yakuthupi (kupatula Hyper-Threading). Chiwerengero cha ma vCPU chikuphatikizidwa m'mayiwe onse omwe afotokozedwa (aliyense atha kukhala ndi chinthu chake chophatikiza).
The coefficient coefficient for loaded systems is a empirically, kutengera zomwe zilipo kale, kapena kupyolera mu kukhazikitsa oyendetsa ndi kuyesa katundu. Kwa machitidwe osatulutsidwa, "njira yabwino" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makamaka, VMware imatchula chiyerekezo chapakati ngati 8:1.
Kumbukirani ntchito
Zofunikira zonse za RAM zimapezedwa mwa kumasulira kosavuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa RAM sikuvomerezeka.
Zosungirako
Zofunikira zosungirako zimapezedwa mwa kungowerengera mwachidule maiwe onse ndi mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito zimawonetsedwa mu IOPS kuphatikiza ndi chiΕ΅erengero cha kuwerenga/kulemba ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuchedwa kwambiri kuyankha.
Zofunikira za Quality of Service (QoS) za maiwe kapena machitidwe ena ziyenera kufotokozedwa mosiyana.
Zida zama netiweki za data
Zofunikira pa netiweki ya data zimapezedwa ndikungofotokozera mwachidule maiwe onse a bandwidth.
Zofunikira za Quality of Service (QoS) ndi latency (RTT) zamadziwe kapena machitidwe azidziwitso padera.
Monga gawo la zofunikira pazachuma za netiweki ya data, zofunikira pakudzipatula ndi/kapena kubisa kwa traffic traffic ndi njira zomwe amakonda (802.1q, IPSec, etc.) zimawonetsedwanso.
Kusankhidwa kwa zomangamanga
Bukuli silikukambirana za chisankho china kupatula kamangidwe ka x86 ndi 100% seva virtualization. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwa zomangamanga zamakompyuta kumatsikira pakusankha kwa nsanja ya seva, mawonekedwe a seva, ndi zofunikira zonse za kasinthidwe ka seva.
Mfundo yofunikira pakusankha ndikutsimikizika kogwiritsa ntchito njira yachikale ndi kulekanitsa ntchito za kukonza, kusunga ndi kutumiza deta kapena yolumikizana.
zomangamanga zakale kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe anzeru akunja posungira ndi kutumiza deta, pamene ma seva amathandizira kokha mphamvu yokonza ndi RAM ku dziwe wamba lazakuthupi. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, ma seva amakhala osadziwika kwathunthu, osakhala ndi ma disks awo okha, komanso ngakhale chizindikiritso chadongosolo. Pachifukwa ichi, OS kapena hypervisor imayikidwa kuchokera ku flash media yomangidwa kapena kuchokera kudongosolo lakunja losungirako deta (boot kuchokera ku SAN).
Mkati mwa zomangamanga zakale, kusankha pakati pa masamba ndi ma racks kumapangidwa makamaka potengera mfundo izi:
- Zotsika mtengo (pafupifupi, ma seva okwera mtengo ndi otsika mtengo);
- Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe (kwambiri kwa masamba);
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kutaya kutentha (masamba ali ndi gawo lapamwamba pa unit);
- Scalability ndi controllability (masamba nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuyesayesa kochepa pakuyika kwakukulu);
- Kugwiritsa ntchito makhadi okulitsa (kusankha kochepa kwa masamba).
Convergent zomangamanga (wotchedwanso hyperconverged) kumaphatikizapo kuphatikizira ntchito za kukonza ndi kusungirako deta, zomwe zimabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma disks am'deralo ndipo, chifukwa chake, kusiya mawonekedwe a blade form factor. Pamakina osinthika, ma seva a rack kapena ma cluster system amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza ma seva angapo amasamba ndi ma disks am'deralo pachokha chimodzi.
CPU / Memory
Kuti muwerenge molondola kasinthidwe, muyenera kumvetsetsa mtundu wa katundu wa chilengedwe kapena masango aliwonse odziimira.
CPU yomangidwa - chilengedwe chochepa pochita ndi mphamvu ya purosesa. Kuwonjezera RAM sikungasinthe chilichonse malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito (chiwerengero cha ma VM pa seva).
Kukumbukira - chilengedwe chocheperako ndi RAM. RAM yochulukirapo pa seva imakulolani kuyendetsa ma VM ambiri pa seva.
GB / MHz (GB / pCPU) - chiΕ΅erengero chapakati cha kugwiritsa ntchito RAM ndi mphamvu ya purosesa ndi katundu uyu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuchuluka komwe kumafunikira kukumbukira pakuchita kopatsidwa komanso mosinthanitsa.
Kuwerengera kasinthidwe ka seva
Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa mitundu yonse ya katundu ndikusankha kuphatikiza kapena kugawa maiwe a makompyuta osiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
Chotsatira, pamagulu onse omwe atchulidwa, chiΕ΅erengero cha GB / MHz chimatsimikiziridwa ndi katundu wodziwika pasadakhale. Ngati katunduyo sanadziwike pasadakhale, koma pali kumvetsetsa movutikira kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito purosesa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa vCPU: pCPU kuti musinthe zofunikira za dziwe kukhala zakuthupi.
Pagulu lililonse, gawani kuchuluka kwa zofunikira za dziwe la vCPU ndi koyefiyenti:
vCPUsum / vCPU:pCPU = pCPUsum - chiwerengero chofunika cha mayunitsi thupi. mitima
pCPUsum / 1.25 = pCPUht - chiwerengero cha ma cores osinthidwa ku Hyper-Threading
Tiyerekeze kuti m'pofunika kuwerengera gulu ndi 190 cores / 3.5 TB wa RAM. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, timavomereza katundu wa 50% wa mphamvu ya purosesa ndi 75% ya RAM.
pCPU
190
CPU ntchito
50%
kukumbukira
3500
Zothandiza
75%
Zida
pakati
Srv/CPU
Srv Mem
Srv/Mem
2
6
25,3
128
36,5
2
8
19,0
192
24,3
2
10
15,2
256
18,2
2
14
10,9
384
12,2
2
18
8,4
512
9,1
Pamenepa, nthawi zonse timagwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira mpaka nambala yapafupi (=ROUNDUP(A1;0)).
Kuchokera pagomezi zikuwonekeratu kuti masinthidwe angapo a seva ali oyenera pazowunikira zomwe mukufuna:
β 26 maseva 2 * 6c / 192 GB
β 19 maseva 2 * 10c / 256 GB
β 10 maseva 2 * 18c / 512 GB
Kusankha kwa masinthidwewa kuyenera kupangidwa kutengera zina zowonjezera, monga phukusi lamafuta ndi kuziziritsa komwe kulipo, ma seva omwe agwiritsidwa kale ntchito, kapena mtengo wake.
Zosankha posankha kasinthidwe ka seva
Ma VM ambiri. Ngati kuli kofunikira kuchititsa ma VM ambiri (ofanana ndi 1 NUMA node kapena zambiri), tikulimbikitsidwa, ngati n'kotheka, kusankha seva yokhala ndi kasinthidwe komwe kumalola ma VM oterowo kukhalabe mkati mwa node ya NUMA. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ma VM ambiri, pali ngozi yakugawikana kwazinthu zamagulu, ndipo pakadali pano, ma seva amasankhidwa omwe amalola ma VM ambiri kuyikidwa mochuluka momwe angathere.
Kulephera kwa domain kumodzi.
Kusankhidwa kwa kukula kwa seva kumatengeranso mfundo yochepetsera dera limodzi lolephera. Mwachitsanzo, posankha pakati pa:
β 3 x 4 * 10c / 512 GB
β 6 x 2 * 10c / 256 GB
Zinthu zina zonse kukhala zofanana, muyenera kusankha njira yachiwiri, popeza seva imodzi ikalephera (kapena ikusungidwa), osati 33% yazinthu zamagulu zomwe zimatayika, koma 17%. Momwemonso, chiwerengero cha ma VM ndi ma IS omwe akhudzidwa ndi ngoziyi ndi theka.
Kuwerengera kwamakina osungira zakale kutengera magwiridwe antchito
Makina osungira akale nthawi zonse amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri, osaphatikiza kukhudzidwa kwa cache yogwira ntchito komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Monga zizindikiro zoyambira zogwirira ntchito, timatenga magwiridwe antchito pamakina (IOPSdisk):
- 7.2k - 75 IOPS
- 10k - 125 IOPS
- 15k - 175 IOPS
Kenako, kuchuluka kwa ma disks mu dziwe la disk amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi: = TotalIOPS * ( RW + (1 βRW) * RAIDPen) / IOPSdisk. Kumene:
- TotalIOPS - magwiridwe antchito ofunikira mu IOPS kuchokera pa dziwe la disk
- RW - kuchuluka kwa ntchito zowerengera
- Cholembera cha RAID - Chilango cha RAID pamlingo wosankhidwa wa RAID
Werengani zambiri za Chipangizo cha RAID ndi Chilango cha RAID Pano - ΠΈ ΠΈ
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma disks, zosankha zomwe zingatheke zimawerengedwa zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zosungirako, kuphatikizapo zosankha ndi kusungirako kwamitundu yambiri.
Kuwerengera kwamakina ogwiritsira ntchito SSD monga gawo losungirako kumaganiziridwa padera.
Mawonekedwe a makina owerengera ndi Flash Cache
flash-cache - dzina lodziwika bwino la matekinoloje onse ogwiritsira ntchito flash memory ngati cache yachiwiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito cache ya flash, makina osungira nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa kuti apereke katundu wokhazikika kuchokera ku maginito disks, pamene nsonga imatumizidwa ndi cache.
Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kumvetsa katundu mbiri ndi mlingo wa kumasulira kupeza midadada midadada yosungirako. Flash cache ndi ukadaulo wochulukira ntchito wokhala ndi mafunso opezeka m'malo ambiri, ndipo ndi wosagwira ntchito pama voliyumu odzaza mofanana (monga makina owerengera).
Kuwerengera kwa machitidwe otsika kwambiri / apakati pamtundu wosakanizidwa
Machitidwe osakanikirana a magulu apansi ndi apakati amagwiritsa ntchito kusungirako kwamitundu yambiri ndi deta yosuntha pakati pa milingo pa ndandanda. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukula kwa chipika chosungiramo ma multilevel kwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri ndi 256 MB. Izi sizimatilola kuti tiganizire ukadaulo wosungira zinthu ngati ukadaulo wowonjezera zokolola, monga momwe anthu ambiri amakhulupilira molakwika. Kusungirako kwamitundu yambiri m'machitidwe otsika ndi apakati ndi teknoloji yowonjezeretsa ndalama zosungiramo makina omwe ali ndi vuto losafanana.
Pakusungidwa kwa tiered, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amawerengedwa koyamba, pomwe gawo lapansi losungirako limawonedwa kuti limangothandizira kusowa kosungirako. Pamakina osakanizidwa amitundu yambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa cache wa flash padziwe lamitundu yambiri kuti mulipire kutsika kwa magwiridwe antchito a data yotenthedwa mwadzidzidzi kuchokera pamunsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito SSD mu Tiered Disk Pool
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma SSD mu dziwe la disk lamitundu yambiri kumakhala ndi zosiyana, kutengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma algorithms a flash cache ndi wopanga yemwe wapatsidwa.
Kachitidwe kambiri kakusungirako dziwe la disk yokhala ndi mulingo wa SSD ndi SSD poyamba.
Werengani Posungira Kung'anima Kokha. Kwa cache yowerengera yokha, chosungira pa SSD chimabwera ndi kumasulira kwakukulu kwa zolemba, mosasamala kanthu za cache.
Werengani/Lembani Cache ya Flash. Pankhani ya kung'anima cache, kukula kwa cache yolemba kumayikidwa koyamba mpaka kukula kwakukulu kwa cache, ndipo gawo losungiramo SSD limawoneka pokhapokha kukula kwa cache sikukwanira kutumikila ntchito yonse yokhazikika.
Kuwerengera kwa magwiridwe antchito a SSD ndi cache kumachitika nthawi iliyonse kutengera malingaliro a wopanga, koma nthawi zonse pazovuta kwambiri.
Source: www.habr.com