Ma adilesi opitilira biliyoni apadera a IP amadutsa mu Cloudflare Network tsiku lililonse; imapereka zopempha zoposa 11 miliyoni za HTTP pamphindikati; ali mkati mwa 100ms ya 95% ya anthu pa intaneti. Maukonde athu amafikira mizinda 200 m'maiko opitilira 90, ndipo gulu lathu la mainjiniya lamanga malo othamanga kwambiri komanso odalirika.
Timanyadira kwambiri ntchito yathu ndipo tikudzipereka kuthandiza kuti intaneti ikhale malo abwinoko komanso otetezeka. Akatswiri opanga ma hardware a Cloudflare amamvetsetsa kwambiri ma seva ndi zigawo zawo kuti amvetse ndikusankha zida zabwino kwambiri kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yake.
Mapulogalamu athu otukuka amanyamula makompyuta olemetsa kwambiri ndipo amadalira kwambiri CPU, zomwe zimafuna mainjiniya athu kuti apitilize kukhathamiritsa komanso kudalirika kwa Cloudflare pamlingo uliwonse wa stack. Kumbali ya seva, njira yosavuta yowonjezerera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndikuwonjezera ma CPU cores. Ma cores ambiri omwe seva imatha kukwanira, ndipamene imatha kukonza zambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kwa ife chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zathu ndi makasitomala ikukula pakapita nthawi, ndipo kukula kwa zopempha kumafuna kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito kuchokera ku maseva. Kuti tiwonjezere magwiridwe antchito, tidafunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma cores - ndipo izi ndi zomwe tidakwanitsa. Pansipa timapereka zambiri za ma processor a maseva omwe tawatumizira kuyambira 2015, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa ma cores:
-
Gen 6
Gen 7
Gen 8
Gen 9
Kuyamba
2015
2016
2017
2018
CPU
Intel Xeon E5-2630 v3
Intel Xeon E5-2630 v4
Intel Xeon Silver 4116
Intel Xeon Platinum 6162
Zolimbitsa thupi
2 Γ 8
2 Γ 10
2 Γ 12
2 Γ 24
TDP
2 x 85W
2 x 85W
2 x 85W
2 x 150W
TDP pa pachimake
10.65W
8.50W
7.08W
6.25W
Mu 2018, tidadumphadumpha kwambiri pakuchuluka kwa ma cores pa seva ndi Gen 9. Zowonongeka zachilengedwe zachepetsedwa ndi 33% poyerekeza ndi mbadwo wa 8, zomwe zimatipatsa mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi ndi makompyuta pa rack. Zofunikira pakupanga kwa kutentha (, TDP) amatchulidwa kuti akuwonetsa kuti mphamvu zathu zamphamvu zawonjezekanso pakapita nthawi. Chizindikirochi ndi chofunikira kwa ife: choyamba, tikufuna kutulutsa mpweya wochepa mumlengalenga; chachiwiri, tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zochokera ku data center. Koma tikudziwa kuti pali chinachake choti tiyesetse.
Kutanthauzira kwathu kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa zopempha pa watt iliyonse. Titha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zopempha pamphindikati powonjezera ma cores, koma tiyenera kukhala mkati mwa bajeti yathu yamagetsi. Timachepetsedwa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi, zomwe, pamodzi ndi ma modules athu osankhidwa ogawa mphamvu, zimatipatsa malire apamwamba pa seva iliyonse. Kuwonjezera ma seva ku rack kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ndalama zogwirira ntchito zidzakwera kwambiri ngati tidutsa malire amagetsi pa-rack ndikuyenera kuwonjezera ma racks atsopano. Tiyenera kuonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito pamene tikukhala mumtundu womwewo wamagetsi, zomwe zidzawonjezera zopempha pa watt, metric yathu yofunikira.
Monga momwe mungaganizire, tidaphunzira mosamala kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakupanga mapangidwe. Gome lomwe lili pamwambapa likuwonetsa kuti sitiyenera kuwononga nthawi ndikutumiza ma CPU omwe ali ndi njala yamphamvu ngati TDP pachimake ndi yayikulu kuposa m'badwo wapano - izi zidzasokoneza ma metric athu, zopempha pa watt. Tidaphunzira mosamala machitidwe okonzeka kuthamangitsidwa am'badwo wathu X pamsika ndikupanga chisankho. Tikuchoka pa kapangidwe kathu ka 48-core Intel Xeon Platinum 6162 dual-socket design to 48-core AMD EPYC 7642 single-socket design.
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Intel
AMD
CPU
Xeon Platinum 6162
EPYC 7642
Microarchitecture
"Skylake"
"Zen 2"
Codename
"Skylake SP"
"Roma"
Njira zamakono
14nm
7nm
Nucleus
2 Γ 24
48
pafupipafupi
1.9 GHz
2.4 GHz
L3 Cache / socket
24 x 1.375MiB
16 x 16MiB
Memory/socket
6, mpaka DDR4-2400
8, mpaka DDR4-3200
TDP
2 x 150W
225W
PCIe/socket
Misewu 48
Misewu 128
ISA
x86-64
x86-64
Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi zikuwonekeratu kuti chip chochokera ku AMD chidzatilola kusunga chiwerengero chofanana cha ma cores pamene tikutsitsa TDP. M'badwo wa 9 unali ndi TDP pachimake cha 6,25 W, ndipo m'badwo wa Xth udzakhala 4,69 W. Zachepetsedwa ndi 25%. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwafupipafupi, ndipo mwina mapangidwe osavuta okhala ndi socket imodzi, titha kuganiza kuti chipangizo cha AMD chidzachita bwino pochita. Panopa tikuyesa mayeso osiyanasiyana ndi zofananira kuti tiwone momwe AMD ichitira bwino.
Pakadali pano, tiyeni tizindikire kuti TDP ndi metric wosavuta kuchokera ku zomwe wopanga amapanga, zomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kwa mapangidwe a seva ndi kusankha kwa CPU. Kusaka mwachangu kwa Google kumawonetsa kuti AMD ndi Intel ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zofotokozera TDP, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafotokozedwewo akhale osadalirika. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zenizeni za CPU, komanso makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za seva, ndizomwe timagwiritsa ntchito popanga chisankho chathu chomaliza.
Kukonzekera kwa chilengedwe
Kuti tiyambe ulendo wathu wosankha purosesa yathu yotsatira, tinayang'ana ma CPU osiyanasiyana ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana omwe anali oyenerera pulogalamu yathu ya mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki (olembedwa mu C, LuaJIT ndi Go). Tafotokoza kale mwatsatanetsatane zida zoyezera liwiro . Pankhaniyi, tidagwiritsa ntchito seti yomweyo - imatilola kuwunika momwe CPU ikuyendera munthawi yake, pambuyo pake mainjiniya athu amatha kusintha mapulogalamu athu ku purosesa inayake.
Tidayesa mapurosesa osiyanasiyana ndi ma core count, ma socket count, komanso ma frequency. Popeza nkhaniyi ikunena za chifukwa chomwe tidakhazikika pa AMD EPYC 7642, ma chart onse omwe ali mubuloguyi amayang'ana momwe ma processor a AMD amagwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi Intel Xeon Platinum 6162 kuchokera. .
Zotsatira zimagwirizana ndi miyeso ya seva imodzi yokhala ndi purosesa iliyonse - ndiko kuti, ndi mapurosesa awiri a 24-core kuchokera ku Intel, kapena ndi purosesa imodzi ya 48-core kuchokera ku AMD (seva ya Intel yokhala ndi zitsulo ziwiri ndi seva ya AMD EPYC ndi imodzi). Mu BIOS timayika magawo ofanana ndi ma seva othamanga. Iyi ndi 3,03 GHz ya AMD ndi 2,5 GHz ya Intel. Kufewetsa kwambiri, tikuyembekeza kuti ndi chiwerengero chomwecho cha ma cores, AMD idzachita 21% bwino kuposa Intel.
Zithunzi zolaula
Zikuwoneka zolimbikitsa kwa AMD. Imachita bwino 18% pamakiyi achinsinsi a anthu. Ndi kiyi yofananira, imataya zosankha zachinsinsi za AES-128-GCM, koma zonse zimafanana.
Kupanikizika
Pama seva am'mphepete, timapanikizira zambiri kuti tisunge bandwidth ndikuwonjezera liwiro la kutumiza zomwe zili. Timadutsa deta kudzera mu C library zlib ndi brotli. Mayesero onse adayendetsedwa pa blog.cloudflare.com HTML file mu kukumbukira.
AMD idapambana pafupifupi 29% ikagwiritsa ntchito gzip. Pankhani ya brotli, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pamayeso okhala ndi 7, omwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuponderezana kwamphamvu. Pa mayeso a brotli-9 pali dontho lakuthwa - timafotokoza izi ndikuti Brotli amadya kukumbukira kwambiri ndikusefukira posungira. Komabe, AMD imapambana ndi malire akulu.
Zambiri mwazinthu zathu zimalembedwa mu Go. M'ma graph otsatirawa, timayang'ana kawiri kuthamanga kwa cryptography ndi kukakamiza mu Go ndi RegExp pa mizere ya 32 KB pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale ya zingwe.
Pitani ku cryptography
Pitani ku Compression
Pitani ku Regexp
Pitani Zingwe
AMD imachita bwino pamayeso onse ndi Go kupatula ECDSA P256 Sign, pomwe inali 38% kumbuyo - zomwe ndi zachilendo, chifukwa idachita bwino 24% mu C. Ndikoyenera kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika kumeneko. Ponseponse, AMD sichipambana kwambiri, komabe ikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
LuaJIT
Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito LuaJIT pamtengo. Uwu ndiye guluu womwe umagwira mbali zonse za Cloudflare palimodzi. Ndipo ndife okondwa kuti AMD idapambananso pano.
Ponseponse, mayesowa akuwonetsa kuti EPYC 7642 imachita bwino kuposa awiri a Xeon Platinum 6162. AMD imataya mayeso angapo - mwachitsanzo, AES-128-GCM ndi Go OpenSSL ECDSA-P256 Sign - koma imapambana pa ena onse, pafupifupi pa 25%.
Kuyerekeza kwantchito
Pambuyo pakuyesa kwathu mwachangu, tidayendetsa ma seva kudzera muzoyerekeza zina momwe katundu wopangira amayikidwa pa pulogalamu yam'mphepete mwa mapulogalamu. Apa tikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopempha zomwe zitha kukumana ndi ntchito yeniyeni. Zopempha zimasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa data, ma protocol a HTTP kapena HTTPS, magwero a WAF, Ogwira ntchito, ndi zina zambiri. Pansipa pali kuyerekezera kwa ma CPU awiri amitundu ya zopempha zomwe timakumana nazo nthawi zambiri.
Zotsatira mu tchati zimayesedwa motsutsana ndi maziko a makina a Intel-based a 9th, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala mtengo wa 1,0 pa x-axis. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga zopempha zosavuta za 10 KB pa HTTPS, titha kuona kuti AMD imachita bwino nthawi 1,5 kuposa Intel potengera zopempha pamphindikati. Pafupifupi, AMD idachita bwino 34% kuposa Intel pamayeso awa. Poganizira kuti TDP ya AMD EPYC 7642 imodzi ndi 225 W, ndipo ma processor awiri a Intel ndi 300 W, zimakhala kuti ponena za "zopempha pa watt" AMD imasonyeza zotsatira zabwinoko ka 2 kuposa Intel!
Panthawiyi, tinali titadalira kale njira imodzi yokha ya AMD EPYC 7642 monga ma CPU athu a Gen X. Tinali ndi chidwi kwambiri kuona momwe ma seva a AMD EPYC angagwire ntchito yeniyeni, ndipo nthawi yomweyo tinatumiza ma seva angapo ena kuchokera ku data center.
Ntchito yeniyeni
Chinthu choyamba, mwachibadwa, chinali kukonzekera ma seva kuti agwire ntchito muzochitika zenizeni. Makina onse m'zombo zathu amagwira ntchito ndi njira ndi ntchito zomwezo, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri wofananiza magwiridwe antchito. Monga malo ambiri opangira data, tili ndi mibadwo ingapo ya maseva omwe atumizidwa, ndipo timasonkhanitsa ma seva athu m'magulu kuti kalasi iliyonse ikhale ndi maseva pafupifupi mibadwo yofanana. Nthawi zina, izi zingapangitse ma curve obwezeretsanso omwe amasiyana pakati pa magulu. Koma osati ndi ife. Akatswiri athu akonza kugwiritsa ntchito CPU m'mibadwo yonse kotero kuti ngakhale CPU ya makina ena ili ndi ma cores 8 kapena 24, kugwiritsa ntchito CPU nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofanana ndi ena onse.
Grafu ikuwonetsa ndemanga yathu pa kufanana kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito - palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito AMD CPUs mu ma seva a Gen X ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma processor a Intel mu ma seva a Gen 9. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma seva onse oyesera ndi oyambira amanyamulidwa mofanana. . Zabwino. Izi ndi zomwe timayesetsa m'maseva athu, ndipo timafunikira izi kuti tifananize bwino. Ma grafu awiri omwe ali pansipa akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zopempha zomwe zasinthidwa ndi core CPU imodzi ndi ma cores onse pa seva.
Zopempha pachinthu chilichonse
Zofunsira kwa seva
Zitha kuwoneka kuti pafupifupi AMD imapanga 23% zopempha zambiri. Osati zoipa ayi! Nthawi zambiri talemba pa blog yathu za njira zowonjezera ntchito za Gen 9. Ndipo tsopano tili ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha cores, koma AMD imagwira ntchito zambiri ndi mphamvu zochepa. Zikuwonekeratu nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pamafotokozedwe a kuchuluka kwa ma cores ndi TDP kuti AMD imapereka liwiro lalikulu ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo.
Koma monga tanenera kale, TDP sizomwe zimapangidwira ndipo sizili zofanana kwa onse opanga, kotero tiyeni tiwone momwe mphamvu zenizeni zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa seva molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zopempha pamphindikati, tidapeza graph iyi:
Kutengera zopempha pa sekondi iliyonse pa watt yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma seva a Gen X omwe akuyenda pa ma processor a AMD ndi 28% aluso kwambiri. Wina akhoza kuyembekezera zambiri, chifukwa TDP ya AMD ndiyotsika 25%, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti TDP ndi khalidwe losamvetsetseka. Tawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwenikweni kwa AMD kuli pafupifupi kofanana ndi TDP yotchulidwa pama frequency apamwamba kwambiri kuposa maziko; Intel alibe zimenezo. Ichi ndi chifukwa china chomwe TDP sichiwerengero chodalirika chakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ma CPU ochokera ku Intel mu maseva athu a Gen 9 amaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la ma node angapo, pomwe ma CPU ochokera ku AMD amagwira ntchito mu ma seva amtundu wa 1U. Izi sizikugwirizana ndi AMD, popeza ma seva a multinode akuyenera kupereka kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono pa node, koma AMD idapitilirabe Intel potengera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa node.
Poyerekeza zambiri pamafotokozedwe, zoyeserera zoyeserera, komanso magwiridwe antchito adziko lapansi, kasinthidwe ka 1P AMD EPYC 7642 kunachita bwino kwambiri kuposa 2P Intel Xeon 6162. Nthawi zina, AMD imatha kuchita bwino mpaka 36%, ndipo timakhulupirira kuti mwa kukhathamiritsa. hardware ndi mapulogalamu, tikhoza kukwaniritsa izi mosalekeza.
Zinapezeka kuti AMD yapambana.
Ma grafu owonjezera amawonetsa kuchedwa kwapakati ndi p99 latency yomwe ikuyenda NGINX pa nthawi ya maola 24. Pafupifupi, njira za AMD zidathamanga 25% mwachangu. Pa p99 imathamanga 20-50% mwachangu kutengera nthawi ya tsiku.
Pomaliza
Makasitomala a Cloudflare's Hardware and Performance engineers amayesa ndi kafukufuku wambiri kuti adziwe masinthidwe abwino kwambiri a seva kwa makasitomala athu. Timakonda kugwira ntchito pano chifukwa titha kuthana ndi mavuto akulu ngati awa, ndipo titha kukuthandizani kuthana ndi mavuto anu ndi ntchito ngati kompyuta yopanda seva komanso njira zingapo zachitetezo monga Magic Transit, Argo Tunnel, ndi DDoS chitetezo. Ma seva onse mu netiweki ya Cloudflare amakonzedwa kuti azigwira ntchito modalirika, ndipo nthawi zonse timayesetsa kupanga m'badwo uliwonse wa ma seva kukhala abwino kuposa wam'mbuyomu. Tikukhulupirira kuti AMD EPYC 7642 ndiye yankho likafika kwa ma processor a Gen X.
Pogwiritsa ntchito Cloudflare Workers, Madivelopa amatumiza mapulogalamu awo pamaneti athu omwe akukulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi. Ndife onyadira kulola makasitomala athu kuyang'ana kwambiri polemba ma code pomwe timayang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo ndi kudalirika pamtambo. Ndipo lero ndife okondwa kwambiri kulengeza kuti ntchito yawo idzatumizidwa pa ma seva athu a Gen X omwe akuyendetsa mapurosesa a AMD EPYC a m'badwo wachiwiri.
EPYC 7642 mapurosesa, codename "Rome" [Rome]
Pogwiritsa ntchito AMD's EPYC 7642, tinatha kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito athu ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukulitsa maukonde athu kumizinda yatsopano. Roma sanamangidwe tsiku limodzi, koma posachedwapa adzakhala pafupi ndi ambiri a inu.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi takhala tikuyesera tchipisi tambiri ta x86 kuchokera ku Intel ndi AMD, komanso mapurosesa ochokera ku ARM. Tikuyembekeza kuti opanga ma CPU awa apitiliza kugwira ntchito nafe mtsogolo kuti tonse titha kupanga intaneti yabwinoko limodzi.
Source: www.habr.com