Autumn ndi nthawi yodabwitsa ya chaka. Pamene ana asukulu ndi ophunzira akuyamba chaka cha sukulu kulakalaka nyengo yachilimwe, akuluakulu akudzutsidwa ndi chikhumbo cha masiku akale ndi ludzu lachidziwitso.
Mwamwayi, sikunachedwe kuphunzira. Makamaka ngati mukufuna kukhala injiniya wa DevOps.
Chilimwe chino, anzathu adayambitsa mtsinje woyamba wa sukulu ya DevOps ndipo akukonzekera kuyamba yachiwiri mu November. Ngati mwakhala mukuganiza zokhala mainjiniya wa DevOps kwa nthawi yayitali, talandiridwa kumphaka!
Chifukwa chiyani ndipo ndi ndani adapangira sukulu ya DevOps ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chimafunika kuti mulowemo? Tinalankhula ndi aphunzitsi ndi alangizi kuti tipeze mayankho a mafunso amenewa.
- Kodi kulengedwa kwa sukulu ya DevOps kudayamba bwanji?
Stanislav Salangin, woyambitsa sukulu ya DevOps: Kupanga sukulu ya DevOps, kumbali imodzi, ndikofunikira panthawiyo. Iyi ndi imodzi mwantchito zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri, ndipo kufunikira kwa mainjiniya pama projekiti kwayamba kupitilira kupezeka. Takhala tikukulitsa lingaliro ili kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo tikuyesera kangapo, koma nyenyezi pamapeto pake zidagwirizana chaka chino: tidasonkhanitsa gulu la akatswiri apamwamba komanso achidwi pamalo amodzi nthawi imodzi ndikuyambitsa mtsinje woyamba. Sukulu yoyamba inali sukulu yoyendetsa ndege: antchito athu okha ndi omwe adaphunzira kumeneko, koma posakhalitsa tikukonzekera kulemba "gulu" lachiwiri ndi ophunzira osati ku kampani yathu yokha.
Alexey Sharapov, kutsogolera luso, mlangizi kutsogolera: Chaka chatha tidalemba ganyu ophunzira ngati ma intern komanso achichepere ophunzitsidwa. N’kovuta kwa ophunzira a ku yunivesite kapena omaliza maphunziro awo kupeza ntchito chifukwa amafunikira chidziŵitso, ndipo simungapeze chidziŵitso ngati simukulembedwa ntchito—zimakhala zankhanza. Choncho, tinapatsa anyamata mwayi wodziwonetsera okha, ndipo tsopano akugwira ntchito bwino. Pakati pa ophunzira athu panali munthu m'modzi - wopanga makina pafakitale, koma yemwe amadziwa kupanga pang'ono ndikugwira ntchito pa Linux. Inde, analibe luso lililonse labwino, koma maso ake adawala. Kwa ine, chinthu chachikulu mwa anthu ndi malingaliro awo, chikhumbo chophunzira ndikukula. Kwa ife, wophunzira aliyense ndi chiyambi chomwe timayikamo nthawi yathu ndi zomwe takumana nazo. Timapatsa aliyense mwayi ndipo ndife okonzeka kuthandiza, koma wophunzirayo ayenera kutenga udindo wa tsogolo lake.
Lev Goncharov aka @ultral, injiniya wotsogola, mlaliki wokonzanso zomangamanga poyesa: Pafupifupi zaka 2-3 zapitazo, ndinali ndi lingaliro lobweretsa IaC kwa anthu ambiri ndikupanga maphunziro amkati pa Ansible. Ngakhale pamenepo panali zokambirana za momwe angagwirizanitse maphunziro osagwirizana ndi lingaliro limodzi. Pambuyo pake, izi zinawonjezeredwa ndi kufunikira kokulitsa gulu lachitukuko pa ntchitoyi. Titayang'ana zomwe zidachitika bwino zamagulu oyandikana nawo pakukulitsa omaliza maphunziro a Java School, zinali zovuta kukana zomwe Stas adapereka kuti akonzekere sukulu ya DevOps. Zotsatira zake, mu polojekiti yathu tidafotokozera kufunika kwa akatswiri pambuyo pomasulidwa koyamba.
- Mukufuna chiyani kuti mukalowe kusukulu?
Alexey Sharapov: Chilimbikitso, chilakolako, pang'ono mosasamala. Tidzakhala ndi kuyesa pang'ono ngati chowongolera cholowera, koma nthawi zambiri timafunikira chidziwitso choyambirira cha machitidwe a Linux, chilankhulo chilichonse chokonzekera komanso osawopa cholumikizira.
Lev Goncharov: Maluso apadera aukadaulo amapezedwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi njira ya uinjiniya yothetsera mavuto. Sizingakhale zosayenera kudziwa chinenerocho, chifukwa injiniya wa DevOps, monga "glue man," ayenera kupanga mafashoni, ndipo izi, zilizonse zomwe wina anganene, zikutanthawuza kulankhulana osati nthawi zonse mu Russian. Koma chinenerocho chikhoza kukonzedwanso kudzera mu maphunziro a kampani.
- Maphunziro pasukulu ya DevOps amatha miyezi iwiri. Kodi omvera angaphunzire chiyani pa nthawiyi?
Ilya Kutuzov, mphunzitsi, mtsogoleri wa gulu la DevOps ku Deutsche Telekom IT Solutions: Tsopano timapatsa ophunzira maluso olimba omwe amafunikira pantchito:
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Zoyambira za DevOps
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Zida zachitukuko
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Zida
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CI/CD
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Mitambo & orchestration
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Kuwunika
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Kuwongolera kasinthidwe
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Development
Maphunziro kusukulu ya DevOps mbali ina ya chinsalu
- Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani wophunzira akamaliza maphunzirowo?
Zotsatira za maphunzirowa ndikuwonetsa ntchito yamaphunziro, yomwe idzakhalapo ndi mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi omaliza maphunziro. Kutengera zotsatira za maphunzirowa, womaliza maphunzirowo adziwa kuchuluka kwa matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakampani yathu ndipo azitha kuchita nawo ntchito zenizeni. Pambuyo pofotokoza mwachidule zotsatira zawonetsero, ntchito zidzaperekedwa kwa ophunzira abwino kwambiri!
- Stas, mudanenapo kuti kulemba gulu la aphunzitsi sikunali kophweka. Kodi mumayenera kubweretsa akatswiri akunja ochita izi?
Stanislav Salangin: Inde, poyamba zinali zovuta kwambiri kusonkhanitsa gulu ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, sungani, musalole kuti libalalike ndikupitiriza kulimbikitsa. Koma aphunzitsi onse ndi alangizi a sukulu ndi antchito athu. Awa ndi ma DevOps amatsogolera ma projekiti omwe amadziwa momwe ma projekiti athu amagwirira ntchito kuchokera mkati ndikuthandizira moona mtima bizinesi yawo ndi kampani. Timatchedwa sukulu, osati sukulu kapena maphunziro, chifukwa, monga mu sukulu yeniyeni, kulankhulana kwapakati pakati pa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira ndikofunika kwambiri kwa ife. Tikukonzekera kukonza gulu lathu ndi ophunzira - osati macheza a pa Telegalamu, koma gulu la anthu amalingaliro ofanana omwe amakumana pamasom'pamaso, kuthandizana ndikutukuka.
Tikulota aphunzitsi ndi alangizi. Tikuyembekeza kukumana posachedwa ndikujambula chithunzi chamagulu pamasom'pamaso!
- Kodi mumatani kusukulu ya DevOps?
Ilya Kutuzov, mphunzitsi, mtsogoleri wa gulu la DevOps ku Deutsche Telekom IT Solutions:
"Ndimaphunzitsa ophunzira momwe angapangire mapaipi pa GitLab, momwe angapangire zida kukhala mabwenzi wina ndi mnzake, komanso momwe angakhalire abwenzi popanda inu.
Chifukwa chiyani DevOps sukulu? Maphunziro a pa intaneti sapereka kumiza mwachangu komanso sapereka luso logwira ntchito ndiukadaulo. Sukulu iliyonse yodziwika bwino sikudzakupatsani kumverera kuti mumadziwa bwino momwe mungathetsere mavuto othandiza ndipo mutha kuthana ndi vuto lenileni pa polojekiti. Zomwe ophunzira amakumana nazo pamaphunziro awo ndizomwe azigwira nawo ntchito. ”
Alexey Sharapov, kutsogolera luso, mutu ndi mlangizi wa sukulu:
“Ndimawonetsetsa kuti ophunzira ndi alangizi ena asakhale olakwa. Ndimathandiza ophunzira kuthetsa mikangano yaukadaulo ndi bungwe, kuthandiza ophunzira kuti adzizindikire ngati odzipereka, komanso kukhala chitsanzo. Ndimaphunzitsa maphunziro ovomerezeka komanso abwino osungiramo zinthu. ”
Igor Renkas, Ph.D., mlangizi, mwini malonda:
“Ndimalangiza ana asukulu pasukulupo, komanso ndimathandiza Stanislav kulinganiza ndi kukulitsa sukuluyo. Chophika choyamba, mwa lingaliro langa, sichinatuluke lumpy ndipo tinayamba bwino. Tsopano, ndithudi, tikugwira ntchito pa zomwe zikhoza kusintha kusukulu: tikuganiza za mtundu wa modular, kuphunzitsa m'magawo, tikufuna kuphunzitsa osati luso lolimba, komanso luso lofewa m'tsogolomu. Tinalibe njira yopambana ndipo tinalibe njira zokonzekera. Tinayang'ana aphunzitsi pakati pa anzathu, kuganiza kupyolera mu maphunziro, ntchito ya maphunziro, ndikukonzekera chirichonse kuyambira pachiyambi. Koma ili ndiye vuto lathu lalikulu komanso kukongola konse kwa sukulu: timatsatira njira yathu, timachita zomwe tikuganiza kuti ndi zabwino komanso zomwe zili zabwino kwa ophunzira athu. ”
Lev Goncharov aka @ultral, injiniya wotsogola, mlaliki wokonzanso zomangamanga poyesa:
"Ndimaphunzitsa ana asukulu Configuration management ndi momwe angakhalire nawo. Sizingakhale zokwanira kuyika china chake mu git, pakufunika kusintha kwamalingaliro ndi njira. Zomangamangazo ngati ma code sizikutanthauza kungolemba ma code, koma kupanga yankho lothandizira, lomveka. Tikakamba zaukadaulo, ndimalankhula za Ansible ndikutchula mwachidule momwe mungalumikizire ndi Jenkins, Packer, Terraform. ”
- Anzathu, zikomo chifukwa choyankhulana! Kodi uthenga wanu womaliza kwa owerenga ndi wotani?
Stanislav Salangin: Sitikuitana akatswiri apamwamba kapena ophunzira achichepere kuti aziphunzira nafe, osati anthu okhawo omwe amadziwa Chijeremani kapena Chingerezi - zonse zidzabwera. Kwa ife, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsegula, kufunitsitsa kugwira ntchito molimbika, komanso kufuna kuphunzira ndikukula mu DevOps.
DevOps ndi nkhani chabe yokhudza chitukuko chopitilira. Chizindikiro cha DevOps ndi chizindikiro chopanda malire chomwe chimakhala ndi zidutswa zosiyana: kuyesa, kuphatikiza, ndi zina zotero. Katswiri wa DevOps ayenera kuyang'ana zonsezi nthawi zonse, kuphunzira zatsopano, kukhala okhazikika komanso osazengereza kufunsa mafunso opusa.
Sukulu ya DevOps ndi pulojekiti yotseguka. Timachitira izi kwa anthu ammudzi, kugawana chidziwitso, ndipo tikufuna moona mtima kuthandiza anyamata omwe ali ndi chikhumbo chotukuka mu DevOps. Tsopano mukampani yathu misewu yonse ndi yotseguka kwa mainjiniya achichepere. Chinthu chachikulu si kuchita mantha!
Source: www.habr.com