Kuwonjezera WDS Versatility

Masana abwino, okondedwa okhala ku Habra!

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikulemba mwachidule za mwayi wotumizira machitidwe osiyanasiyana kudzera pa WDS (Windows Deployment Services)
Nkhaniyi ipereka malangizo achidule oyika Windows 7 x64, Windows XP x86, Ubuntu x64 ndikuwonjezera zida zothandiza pa boot network monga Memtest ndi Gparted.
Nkhaniyi idzafotokozedwa motsatira malingaliro omwe amabwera m'maganizo mwanga. Ndipo zonse zidayamba ndi Microsoft ...

Tsopano nkhani yokha:
Osati kale kwambiri, ndinabwera ndi lingaliro lomveka la kuyika machitidwe kuntchito pogwiritsa ntchito WDS. Ngati wina atichitira ntchitoyo, ndi zabwino. Ndipo ngati nthawi yomweyo tiphunzira china chatsopano, chimakhala chosangalatsa kawiri. Sindikhala mwatsatanetsatane pakufotokozera kukhazikitsa gawo la WDS - Microsoft imawiritsa zonse mpaka Next-Next-Next ndipo pali mapiri azinthu pamutuwu. Ndipo ndikuwuzani mwachidule za kugwira ntchito ndi zithunzi za Windows, ndikuyang'ana nthawi zomwe zidandibweretsera zovuta. Machitidwe omwe si a Microsoft adzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane (komwe nkhaniyi idayambira).
Tiyeni tiyambe.
Seva yomwe idzakhala ngati yosungirako zithunzi ndi wogwirizanitsa zochita ili ndi Windows Server 2008 R2. Kuti ntchitoyi igwire bwino ntchito, maudindo monga DHCP ndi DNS amafunikira. Chabwino, AD ndi yolowetsa makina mu domain. (Maudindo onsewa sayenera kusungidwa pamakina amodzi; amatha kufalikira pagulu lonse. Chachikulu ndichakuti amagwira ntchito moyenera)

1. Kukhazikitsa WDS

Timawonjezera maudindo ofunikira ndikulowa mwachangu mu WDS console, yambitsani seva yathu ndikuwona zotsatirazi:

• Ikani Zithunzi - zithunzi unsembe. Makonda, machitidwe okongola omwe tidzatulutsa. Kuti mumve zambiri, mutha kuwonjezera magulu angapo ndi mtundu wamakina: Windows 7, XP kapena mtundu wa ntchito - IT Dept, Client Dept, Servers.
• Boot Images - kutsitsa zithunzi. Zomwe zimayikidwa pamakina poyamba ndikukulolani kuti muzichita nawo mitundu yonse. Chithunzi choyamba chomwe chimapita pamenepo ndi chomwe chili pa disk yoyika (kwa Windows 7 iyi ndi foda ya magwero ndi mafayilo a install.wim kapena boot.wim.
  Koma mutha kuchita mitundu yonse ya zinthu zosangalatsa kuchokera kwa iwo:
  • Jambulani chithunzi kapena kujambula chithunzi - chida chathu chachikulu chimakulolani kuti mupange kopi ya dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa, lomwe lidakonzedwa kale ndi sysprep ndipo ndi template yathu.
  • Chithunzi cha Discovery - amakulolani kuyika zithunzi zamakina osinthidwa pamakompyuta omwe sagwirizana ndi booting ya netiweki.

• Zida Zoyembekezera - Zida zomwe zikudikirira kuvomerezedwa ndi woyang'anira kuti akhazikitse. Tikufuna kudziwa amene amaika chithumwa chathu pa kompyuta.
• Multicast Transmissions - kutumiza makalata ambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika chithunzi chimodzi kwa makasitomala ambiri.
• madalaivala - oyendetsa. Amathandizira kuwonjezera madalaivala ofunikira pazithunzi pa seva ndikupewa zolakwika zamtunduwu:
  
  Pambuyo powonjezera madalaivala ku seva ya WDS, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chithunzi chomwe mukufuna.

Inde, ndi chinthu chinanso - muyenera kudzipangira ma bootloaders anu ndi oyika pazozama zilizonse. Zosiyanasiyana pa zoo zimabwera pamtengo.
Ndipotu, WDS yathu yakonzeka kale. Titha kuyambiranso pa intaneti kuchokera pamakina ndikuwona zenera losankhidwa ndi zithunzi zathu zoyambira.
Sindidzalongosola magawo onse okonzekera chithunzi choyenera, koma ndingosiya ulalo wa nkhani yomwe ndagwiritsa ntchito ndekha: Zotsatira za Windows 7 (Pazifukwa zina ndinali ndi mtundu wakale wa WAIK woikidwa - 6.1.7100.0, kunali kosatheka kupanga fayilo yoyankhira Windows 7 SP1 mmenemo. Ndikufuna yatsopano panthawiyi - 6.1.7600.16385)
Ndipo kotero komabe Malangizo okonzekera Windows XP pa WDS. Sitidzalembanso mwatsatanetsatane - zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri zili mu gawo lachiwiri!

2. Universal bootloader

Ndizosangalatsa kuti tsopano tili ndi dongosolo loterolo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosangalatsa. Koma kodi pali njira ina iliyonse yosinthira moyo wanu kukhala wosavuta?
Ndikufuna kukhazikitsa Linux kudzera pamenepo!
Choyamba, monga ambiri a inu mukukumbukira, kukhazikitsa Windows ndi Ubuntu molumikizana sikumatha bwino pa Windows bootloader. Ikusinthidwa ndi GRUB yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ndi chimodzimodzi pano. Tikufuna bootloader yapadziko lonse lapansi, kukumana ndi izi Mtengo wa PXELINUX
1) Tsitsani mtundu waposachedwa (panthawi yolemba izi ndi 5.01
Tikuchita chidwi ndi mafayilo awa:
corepxelinux.0
com32menuvesamenu.c32 (mutha kutenga menyu.c32 ya mawonekedwe a mawu potsegula)
com32chainchain.c32
Mabuku onse ogwiritsira ntchito bootloader amanena kuti chirichonse chimagwira ntchito ndi zitatuzi. Ndinayenera kuwonjezera ldlinux.c32, libcom.c32 ndi libutil_com.c32. Mutha kuchita izi - kukopera zomwe mwalimbikitsa ndikuziyendetsa. Ndi fayilo iti yomwe idzadandaule - ikopereni ku foda.
Timafunikiranso fayilo ya memdisk kuti titsitse iso. Timayikanso mufoda iyi
2) Ikani mu foda momwe mumasungira zithunzi zonse za WDS. Izi ndizo - RemoteInstallBootx64 (tidzangoyika 64, chifukwa 86 ikani mafayilo omwewo mufodayo.)
3) Sinthani dzina la pxelinux.0 kukhala pxelinux.com
4) Tiyeni tipange chikwatu pxelinux.cfg pa fayilo yosinthira, fayilo yokha (yomwe ili mkati mwa fodayi, inde) ndiyokhazikika (popanda kuwonjezera!) ndi izi:

ZOCHITA VEsamenu.c32
KUTHANDIZA 0
NOESCAPE 0
ZOTHANDIZA 0
# Kutha kwa nthawi mu magawo a 1/10 s
KUKHALA 300
MENU MARGIN 10
MENU ROWS 16
MENU TABMSGROW 21
NTHAWI YA MENU 26
MENU COLOR BORDER 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 palibe
MENU COLOR SCROLLBAR 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 palibe
MENU COLOR TITLE 0 #ffffffff #00000000 palibe
MENU COLOR SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff
MENU BACKGROUND pxelinux.cfg/picture.jpg #picture 640×480 for background
MENU MUTU Sankhani tsogolo lanu!

LABEL mawu
MENU LABEL Windows Deployment Services (7, XP, zithunzi za Boot)
KERNEL pxeboot.0

LABEL mdera lanu
KUSINTHA KWA MENU
MENU LABEL Yambani kuchokera ku Harddisk
LOCALBOOT 0
mtundu 0x80

5) Pangani kopi ya fayilo pxeboot.n12 ndikuyitcha pxeboot.0
6) Pambuyo pa izi, tiyenera kuphunzitsa WDS yathu kuti iyambe kuchokera ku bootloader yapadziko lonse. Mu 2008 izi zidachitika kudzera mu GUI, mu 2008 R2 - kudzera pamzere wolamula. Tsegulani ndi kulowa:

• wdsutil /set-server /bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com /architecture:x64
• wdsutil / set-server / N12bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com /architecture:x64

Command line output:

Ndiye, tikuyamba ndikuwona chophimba chomwe chimasilira:

Izi ndi zofunika kasinthidwe, inu mukhoza kusintha izo kuti zofuna zanu (chizindikiro kampani, jombo dongosolo, etc. Pakali pano, akhoza kusamutsa ulamuliro WDS ndi jombo kuchokera chosungira kachiwiri. Tiyeni tiphunzitse izo kuti jombo Ubuntu!

3. Kuphunzitsa chiwombankhanga kuwuluka

Tinkafuna chiyani kumeneko? Ubuntu, Gparted? Tiyeni tiwonjezere memtest kwa dongosolo.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zosavuta:
memtest
Tiyeni tipange chikwatu chosiyana cha mafayilo a Linux mufoda ya Boot/x64 WDS, mwachitsanzo Distr. Ndipo mafoda ang'onoang'ono momwemo pamakina athu:

Kutsitsa izi mtmtest ndikuwonjezera mizere yotsatirayi pakutsitsa kwathu (fayilo yosasinthika):

lembani MemTest
chizindikiro cha menyu MemTest86+
Kernel memdisk ndi yaiwisi
initrd Linux/mt420.iso

Ndi ichi tidzakweza chithunzi chathu chaching'ono kukumbukira ndikuchiyambitsa kuchokera pamenepo. Tsoka ilo, izi sizinagwire ntchito kwa ine ndi zithunzi zazikulu.

Zagawanika
Kutsitsa mtundu waposachedwa, masulani chithunzi cha iso ndi kutenga mafayilo atatu - /live/vmlinuz, /live/initrd.img ndi /live/filesystem.squashfs
Kodi mafayilowa ndi chiyani? (Ndikhoza kulakwitsa m'mawu, ndikupempha owerenga kuti andikonze ngati ndikulakwitsa)

• vmlinuz (yomwe imawonedwa kwambiri vmlinux) - fayilo ya kernel yoponderezedwa
• initrd.img - chithunzi cha mizu yamafayilo (zochepera zomwe zimafunikira kuti muyambitse)
• filesystem.squashfs - mafayilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito

Timayika mafayilo awiri oyamba mufoda yotsitsa (kwa ine ndi Bootx64DistrGparted) ndi yachitatu pa seva ya IIS (mwamwayi idakhazikitsidwa kale ku WSUS).
Kuyimba kwanyimbo - mwatsoka, chinyengo chotsitsa chithunzi cha iso mu memdisk yokhala ndi magawo akulu sichinandigwire ntchito. Ngati mutadziwa mwadzidzidzi chinsinsi cha kupambana, iyi idzakhala yankho labwino kwambiri lomwe lingakuthandizeni kuti muyambe kuthamanga dongosolo lililonse kuchokera pa chithunzi cha iso.
Onjezani filesystem.squashfs ku IIS kuti iwerengedwe pa netiweki (musaiwale kuwonjezera tag ya MIME pakukulitsa uku.

Tsopano tikuwonjezera zolowera ku pxelinux.cfg/default:

LABEL GParted Live
MENU LABEL GParted Live
KERNEL Distr/Gparted/vmlinuz
ZOYENERA initrd=Distr/Gparted/initrg.img boot=live config union=aufs noswap nopromt vga=788 fetch=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Gparted/filesystem.squashfs

Tiyeni tiwone - zimagwira ntchito!
Ubuntu 12.04
Ndawonjezera njira ziwiri zoyikapo - zodziwikiratu (zikomo kwa wogwiritsa ntchito Malamut kwa nkhani ndi mu manual mode)
Tsitsani fayiloyo ndikuyika kwina ndikung'amba mafayilo awiri kuchokera pamenepo (monga kale) - initrd.gz ndi linux ndikuyika mu Distr/Ubuntu.
Onjezani mizere ku pxelinux.cfg/default
kwa unsembe kwathunthu pamanja

LABEL Ubuntu
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
ZOYENERA patsogolo=pansi vga=normal initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz

Koma kuti muyike zokha muyenera fayilo yokhala ndi zosintha (mutha kuwerenga apa) ndipo tidzayiyika pa seva yathu yapaintaneti. Mzere wanga mu bootloader umawoneka motere:

LABEL Ubuntu Auto Install
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
ZOYENERA initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz ksdevice=eth0 locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 console-setup/layoutcode=ru url=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Ubuntu/preseed.txt

Zothandiza m'tsogolo
Ndikuyang'ana nkhani za mutuwo ndikuyang'ana mayankho a mafunso anga, ndinapeza nkhani yabwino от Alexander_Erofeev ndikulongosola kutsitsa Kaspersky Rescue Disk pa intaneti. Tsoka ilo, silinayendere kwa ine. Koma chidacho ndi chothandiza kwambiri (ayi, ayi, makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito achangu adzagwira chinthu chonga icho ... Ndizothandiza kukhala ndi chida choterocho pafupi)

Pomaliza

Nkhaniyi ikufotokozanso za kuthekera komwe gawo la Microsoft WDS limakupatsirani. Nditayamba nkhaniyi, ndondomekozo zinali zazikulu: mwatsatanetsatane HOWTO za mbali zonse za kukweza machitidwe omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa ... angakumanepo, mwina ... Chifukwa chake tidaganiza zogawana chidule cha zomwe zingatheke ndipo, ngati nkotheka, kulumikizana ndi nkhani zabwino. Ngati owerenga ali ndi chidwi chowerenga, kapena mwadzidzidzi ndikufuna kutchuka ndi ndalama kuti ndibwezeretsenso chuma cha Habrahabr ndi zolemba, ndikhoza kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane pa gawo lililonse la kukhazikitsa seva ya WDS yamitundu yambiri.
Ndikufuna kuthokozanso olemba Alexander_Erofeev и Malamut kwa zinthu zawo, zomwe zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwa aliyense popanda kupatula.
Mwachilengedwe, panali zolemba kale za Habré pamutu womwewo, ndidayesa kuwunikira nkhaniyi mwanjira ina kapena kuwonjezera: Kamodzi и awiri, koma osasindikizidwa
Zikomo chifukwa tcheru chanu.
Ulemerero kwa maloboti!

Source: www.habr.com