Kuwonjezera WDS Versatility

Masana abwino, okondedwa okhala ku Habra!

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndi kulemba mwachidule za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito machitidwe osiyanasiyana kudzera mu WDS (Windows Ntchito Zotumizira Anthu (Ntchito Zotumizira Anthu ku Ntchito)
Nkhaniyi ipereka malangizo achidule okhudza kuyika. Windows 7 x64, Windows XP x86, Ubuntu x64 ndi kuwonjezera zida zothandiza zoyambira ma network monga Memtest ndi Gparted.
Nkhaniyi idzafotokozedwa motsatira malingaliro omwe amabwera m'maganizo mwanga. Ndipo zonse zidayamba ndi Microsoft ...

Tsopano nkhani yokha:
Posachedwapa, ndinali ndi lingaliro lanzeru logwiritsa ntchito makina ogwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito WDS. Zimakhala bwino wina akatichitira ntchitoyo. Ndipo ngati tiphunzira china chatsopano panthawiyi, zimakhala zokhutiritsa kwambiri. Sindidzafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za kukhazikitsa gawo la WDS—Microsoft imachepetsa chilichonse kukhala Next-Next-Next, ndipo pali nkhani zambiri pankhaniyi. Ndingolankhula mwachidule za kugwira ntchito ndi zithunzi. Windows Ndidzayang'ana kwambiri madera omwe adandibweretsera mavuto. Machitidwe omwe si a Microsoft (omwe ndi mfundo yaikulu ya nkhaniyi) adzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Tiyeni tiyambe.
Seva yomwe idzagwira ntchito ngati chosungira zithunzi ndi chogwirizanitsa zochita ili ndi Windows Server 2008 R2 ikugwira ntchito. Kuti ntchitoyi igwire ntchito bwino, maudindo monga DHCP ndi DNS amafunika. Ndipo AD imafunikanso kuti makina agwirizane ndi domain. (Maudindo onsewa safunika kukhala pa makina amodzi; akhoza kugawidwa mu kapangidwe konse. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti agwire ntchito bwino.)

1. Kukhazikitsa WDS

Timawonjezera maudindo ofunikira ndikulowa mwachangu mu WDS console, yambitsani seva yathu ndikuwona zotsatirazi:

• Ikani Zithunzi — zithunzi zoyika. Izi ndi makina okongola omwe tidzakhala tikukhazikitsa. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, mutha kuwonjezera magulu angapo malinga ndi mtundu wa makina: Windows 7, XP, kapena mtundu wa ntchito — Dipatimenti ya IT, Dipatimenti ya Makasitomala, Ma seva
• Boot Images — zithunzi zoyambira. Izi ndi zomwe zimayikidwa koyamba pa makinawo ndikukulolani kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa iwo. Chithunzi choyamba chomwe chimabwera pamenepo ndi chomwe chimapezeka pa disk yokhazikitsa (ya Windows 7 ndi chikwatu cha magwero ndi mafayilo a install.wim kapena boot.wim.
  Koma mutha kuchita mitundu yonse ya zinthu zosangalatsa kuchokera kwa iwo:
  • Jambulani chithunzi kapena kujambula chithunzi - chida chathu chachikulu chimakulolani kuti mupange kopi ya dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa, lomwe lidakonzedwa kale ndi sysprep ndipo ndi template yathu.
  • Chithunzi cha Discovery - amakulolani kuyika zithunzi zamakina osinthidwa pamakompyuta omwe sagwirizana ndi booting ya netiweki.

• Zida Zoyembekezera - Zida zomwe zikudikirira kuvomerezedwa ndi woyang'anira kuti akhazikitse. Tikufuna kudziwa amene amaika chithumwa chathu pa kompyuta.
• Multicast Transmissions - kutumiza makalata ambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika chithunzi chimodzi kwa makasitomala ambiri.
• madalaivala - oyendetsa. Amathandizira kuwonjezera madalaivala ofunikira pazithunzi pa seva ndikupewa zolakwika zamtunduwu:
  
  Pambuyo powonjezera madalaivala ku seva ya WDS, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chithunzi chomwe mukufuna.

Inde, ndi chinthu chinanso - muyenera kudzipangira ma bootloaders anu ndi oyika pazozama zilizonse. Zosiyanasiyana pa zoo zimabwera pamtengo.
Ndipotu, WDS yathu yakonzeka kale. Titha kuyambiranso pa intaneti kuchokera pamakina ndikuwona zenera losankhidwa ndi zithunzi zathu zoyambira.
Sindidzalongosola magawo onse okonzekera chithunzi choyenera, koma ndingosiya ulalo wa nkhani yomwe ndagwiritsa ntchito ndekha: Dinani apa kuti mupeze Windows 7 (pazifukwa zina ndinali ndi mtundu wakale wa WAIK womwe unayikidwa - 6.1.7100.0, zinali zosatheka kupanga fayilo yoyankhira Windows 7 SP1. Mukufuna yatsopano pakadali pano - 6.1.7600.16385)
Ndipo kotero komabe malangizo okonzekera Windows XP ya WDS. Sitifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane apa—zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri zili mu gawo lachiwiri!

2. Universal bootloader

Ndizosangalatsa kuti tsopano tili ndi dongosolo loterolo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosangalatsa. Koma kodi pali njira ina iliyonse yosinthira moyo wanu kukhala wosavuta?
Ndikufuna kuyiyika kudzera mu izo. Linux!
Choyamba, monga ambiri a inu mukukumbukira, kukhazikitsa Windows ndi Ubuntu molumikizana sikumatha bwino pa Windows bootloader. Ikusinthidwa ndi GRUB yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ndi chimodzimodzi pano. Tikufuna bootloader yapadziko lonse lapansi, kukumana ndi izi Mtengo wa PXELINUX
1) Tsitsani mtundu waposachedwa (panthawi yolemba izi ndi 5.01
Tikuchita chidwi ndi mafayilo awa:
corepxelinux.0
com32menuvesamenu.c32 (mutha kutenga menyu.c32 ya mawonekedwe a mawu potsegula)
com32chainchain.c32
Mabuku onse ogwiritsira ntchito bootloader amanena kuti chirichonse chimagwira ntchito ndi zitatuzi. Ndinayenera kuwonjezera ldlinux.c32, libcom.c32 ndi libutil_com.c32. Mutha kuchita izi - kukopera zomwe mwalimbikitsa ndikuziyendetsa. Ndi fayilo iti yomwe idzadandaule - ikopereni ku foda.
Timafunikiranso fayilo ya memdisk kuti titsitse iso. Timayikanso mufoda iyi
2) Ikani mu foda momwe mumasungira zithunzi zonse za WDS. Izi ndizo - RemoteInstallBootx64 (tidzangoyika 64, chifukwa 86 ikani mafayilo omwewo mufodayo.)
3) Sinthani dzina la pxelinux.0 kukhala pxelinux.com
4) Tiyeni tipange chikwatu pxelinux.cfg pa fayilo yosinthira, fayilo yokha (yomwe ili mkati mwa fodayi, inde) ndiyokhazikika (popanda kuwonjezera!) ndi izi:

ZOCHITA VEsamenu.c32
KUTHANDIZA 0
NOESCAPE 0
ZOTHANDIZA 0
# Kutha kwa nthawi mu magawo a 1/10 s
KUKHALA 300
MENU MARGIN 10
MENU ROWS 16
MENU TABMSGROW 21
NTHAWI YA MENU 26
MENU COLOR BORDER 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 palibe
MENU COLOR SCROLLBAR 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 palibe
MENU COLOR TITLE 0 #ffffffff #00000000 palibe
MENU COLOR SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff
MENU BACKGROUND pxelinux.cfg/picture.jpg #picture 640×480 for background
MENU MUTU Sankhani tsogolo lanu!

LABEL mawu
CHILEMBO CHA MENYU Windows Ntchito Zotumizira Anthu (7, XP, zithunzi za Boot)
KERNEL pxeboot.0

LABEL mdera lanu
KUSINTHA KWA MENU
MENU LABEL Yambani kuchokera ku Harddisk
LOCALBOOT 0
mtundu 0x80

5) Pangani kopi ya fayilo pxeboot.n12 ndikuyitcha pxeboot.0
6) Pambuyo pa izi, tiyenera kuphunzitsa WDS yathu kuti iyambe kuchokera ku bootloader yapadziko lonse. Mu 2008 izi zidachitika kudzera mu GUI, mu 2008 R2 - kudzera pamzere wolamula. Tsegulani ndi kulowa:

• wdsutil /set-server /bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com /architecture:x64
• wdsutil / set-server / N12bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com /architecture:x64

Command line output:

Ndiye, tikuyamba ndikuwona chophimba chomwe chimasilira:

Iyi ndi njira yoyambira yosinthira; mutha kuyisintha kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zanu (logo ya kampani, dongosolo la boot, ndi zina zotero). Pakadali pano, imangodziwa momwe ingasamutsire control ku WDS ndikuyambiranso boot kuchokera ku hard drive. Tiyeni tiphunzitseni boot. Ubuntu!

3. Kuphunzitsa chiwombankhanga kuwuluka

Kodi tinkafuna chiyani kumeneko? Ubuntu, Gparted? Tiyeni tiwonjezere memtest kuti tipeze muyeso wabwino.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zosavuta:
memtest
Tiyeni tipange chikwatu chosiyana cha mafayilo a Linux mufoda ya Boot/x64 WDS, mwachitsanzo Distr. Ndipo mafoda ang'onoang'ono momwemo pamakina athu:

Kutsitsa izi mtmtest ndikuwonjezera mizere yotsatirayi pakutsitsa kwathu (fayilo yosasinthika):

lembani MemTest
chizindikiro cha menyu MemTest86+
Kernel memdisk ndi yaiwisi
initrd Linux/mt420.iso

Ndi ichi tidzakweza chithunzi chathu chaching'ono kukumbukira ndikuchiyambitsa kuchokera pamenepo. Tsoka ilo, izi sizinagwire ntchito kwa ine ndi zithunzi zazikulu.

Zagawanika
Kutsitsa mtundu waposachedwa, masulani chithunzi cha iso ndi kutenga mafayilo atatu - /live/vmlinuz, /live/initrd.img ndi /live/filesystem.squashfs
Kodi mafayilowa ndi chiyani? (Ndikhoza kulakwitsa m'mawu, ndikupempha owerenga kuti andikonze ngati ndikulakwitsa)

• vmlinuz (yomwe imawonedwa kwambiri vmlinux) - fayilo ya kernel yoponderezedwa
• initrd.img - chithunzi cha mizu yamafayilo (zochepera zomwe zimafunikira kuti muyambitse)
• filesystem.squashfs - mafayilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito

Timayika mafayilo awiri oyamba mufoda yotsitsa (kwa ine ndi Bootx64DistrGparted) ndi yachitatu pa seva ya IIS (mwamwayi idakhazikitsidwa kale ku WSUS).
Kuyimba kwanyimbo - mwatsoka, chinyengo chotsitsa chithunzi cha iso mu memdisk yokhala ndi magawo akulu sichinandigwire ntchito. Ngati mutadziwa mwadzidzidzi chinsinsi cha kupambana, iyi idzakhala yankho labwino kwambiri lomwe lingakuthandizeni kuti muyambe kuthamanga dongosolo lililonse kuchokera pa chithunzi cha iso.
Onjezani filesystem.squashfs ku IIS kuti iwerengedwe pa netiweki (musaiwale kuwonjezera tag ya MIME pakukulitsa uku.

Tsopano tikuwonjezera zolowera ku pxelinux.cfg/default:

LABEL GParted Live
MENU LABEL GParted Live
KERNEL Distr/Gparted/vmlinuz
ZOYENERA initrd=Distr/Gparted/initrg.img boot=live config union=aufs noswap nopromt vga=788 fetch=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Gparted/filesystem.squashfs

Tiyeni tiwone - zimagwira ntchito!
Ubuntu 12.04
Ndawonjezera njira ziwiri zoyikapo - zodziwikiratu (zikomo kwa wogwiritsa ntchito Malamut kwa nkhani ndi mu manual mode)
Tsitsani fayiloyo ndi njira ina yokhazikitsira ndikuchotsamo (monga kale) mafayilo awiri - initrd.gz ndi linux ndikuyika mu Distr/Ubuntu
Onjezani mizere ku pxelinux.cfg/default
kwa unsembe kwathunthu pamanja

LABEL Ubuntu
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
ONANI patsogolo = otsika vga = yachibadwa initrd = Distr /Ubuntu/initrd.gz

Koma kuti muyike zokha muyenera fayilo yokhala ndi zosintha (mutha kuwerenga apa) ndipo tidzayiyika pa seva yathu yapaintaneti. Mzere wanga mu bootloader umawoneka motere:

LABEL Ubuntu Kukhazikitsa Kokha
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
ONANI initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz ksdevice=eth0 locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 console-setup/layoutcode=ru url=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Ubuntu/preseed.txt

Zothandiza m'tsogolo
Ndikuyang'ana nkhani za mutuwo ndikuyang'ana mayankho a mafunso anga, ndinapeza nkhani yabwino от Alexander_Erofeev ndikulongosola kutsitsa Kaspersky Rescue Disk pa intaneti. Tsoka ilo, silinayendere kwa ine. Koma chidacho ndi chothandiza kwambiri (ayi, ayi, makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito achangu adzagwira chinthu chonga icho ... Ndizothandiza kukhala ndi chida choterocho pafupi)

Pomaliza

Nkhaniyi ikufotokozanso za kuthekera komwe gawo la Microsoft WDS limakupatsirani. Nditayamba nkhaniyi, ndondomekozo zinali zazikulu: mwatsatanetsatane HOWTO za mbali zonse za kukweza machitidwe omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa ... angakumanepo, mwina ... Chifukwa chake tidaganiza zogawana chidule cha zomwe zingatheke ndipo, ngati nkotheka, kulumikizana ndi nkhani zabwino. Ngati owerenga ali ndi chidwi chowerenga, kapena mwadzidzidzi ndikufuna kutchuka ndi ndalama kuti ndibwezeretsenso chuma cha Habrahabr ndi zolemba, ndikhoza kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane pa gawo lililonse la kukhazikitsa seva ya WDS yamitundu yambiri.
Ndikufuna kuthokozanso olemba Alexander_Erofeev и Malamut kwa zinthu zawo, zomwe zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwa aliyense popanda kupatula.
Mwachilengedwe, panali zolemba kale za Habré pamutu womwewo, ndidayesa kuwunikira nkhaniyi mwanjira ina kapena kuwonjezera: Kamodzi и awiri, koma osasindikizidwa
Zikomo chifukwa tcheru chanu.
Ulemerero kwa maloboti!

Source: www.habr.com