Mu macheza a Telegraph Nthawi zambiri ndimawona mafunso okhudza momwe mungasungire ndalama pogula laisensi kuchokera ku Mikrotik, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito RouterOS, kawirikawiri, kwaulere. Oddly mokwanira, koma pali njira zotere mu gawo lazamalamulo.
M'nkhaniyi, sindikhudza kupatsidwa chilolezo kwa zipangizo za hardware za Mikrotik, chifukwa ali ndi chilolezo chachikulu chomwe chimayikidwa kuchokera ku fakitale yomwe hardware ingakhoze kutumikira.
Kodi Mikrotik CHR idachokera kuti?
Mikrotik imapanga zida zosiyanasiyana zapaintaneti ndikuyikapo makina ogwiritsira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi - RouterOS. Makina ogwiritsira ntchitowa ali ndi ntchito yaikulu komanso mawonekedwe omveka bwino a kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito sizokwera mtengo kwambiri, zomwe zimalongosola kugawidwa kwake kwakukulu.
Kuti agwiritse ntchito RouterOS kunja kwa hardware yawo, Mikrotik anatulutsa mtundu wa x86 womwe ukhoza kuikidwa pa PC iliyonse, kupereka moyo wachiwiri ku hardware yakale. Koma chiphasocho chinali chomangirizidwa ku manambala a hardware a zida zomwe adayikapo. Ndiye kuti, ngati HDD idafa, ndiye kuti zinali zotheka kutsazikana ndi chilolezo ...
hardware ndi RouterOS x86 ili ndi magawo 6 ndipo ili ndi magawo angapo:
Mtundu wa x86 unali ndi vuto lina - sunali wochezeka kwambiri ndi hypervisors ngati mlendo. Koma ngati katundu wapamwamba sanayembekezere, ndiye mtundu woyenera kwathunthu.
RouterOS x86 yovomerezeka mumlandu imatha kugwira ntchito mokwanira kwa maola 24, ndipo yaulere imakhala ndi zoletsa zambiri. Palibe woyang'anira dongosolo yemwe azitha kuwunika magwiridwe antchito onse a RouterOS m'maola 24 ...
Kuchokera pachiwonetsero cha pirated, kunali kosavuta kutsitsa chithunzi cha makina omwe ali ndi RouterOS x86 yokhazikitsidwa kale, inde ndi ndodo zake, koma kwa ine, mwachitsanzo, zinali zokwanira.
"Ngati simungathe kumenya unyinji, atsogolereni"
M'kupita kwa nthawi, kasamalidwe woyenera "Mikrotik" anaganiza kuti n'kosatheka kulimbana piracy ndi kuti kunali koyenera kuti kubera machitidwe awo opangira ntchito.
Kotero panali nthambi yochokera ku RouterOS - "Cloud Hosted Router", aka . Dongosololi limakonzedwa kuti lingogwira ntchito pamakina a virtualization. Mutha kutsitsa chithunzichi pamapulatifomu onse odziwika bwino: chithunzi cha VHDX, chithunzi cha VMDK, chithunzi cha VDI, template ya OVA, chithunzi cha Raw disk. Disiki yomaliza yomaliza imatha kutumizidwa pafupifupi papulatifomu iliyonse.
Dongosolo lopereka ziphaso zasinthanso:
Zoletsazo zimagwira ntchito pa liwiro la madoko a netiweki. Pa mtundu waulere, ndi 1 Mbps, yomwe ndi yokwanira kupanga maimidwe enieni (mwachitsanzo, pa )
Mtundu wolipidwa patsamba lovomerezeka umaluma kwambiri, koma mutha kugula zotsika mtengo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka:
Ndipo ngati mukukhutitsidwa ndi liwiro la 1 Gbit / s pamadoko, ndiye kuti chilolezo cha P1 ndichokwanira kwa inu:
Kodi CHR ndi chiyani? Zitsanzo zanga.Nthawi zambiri ndimamva funso: mukufuna chiyani rauta iyi? Nazi zitsanzo zingapo za zomwe ine ndekha ndimagwiritsa ntchito. Chonde musatchule zisankho izi, chifukwa simutu wankhaniyi. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito.
Central router yophatikiza maofesi
Nthawi zina pamafunika kuphatikiza maofesi angapo kukhala maukonde amodzi. Palibe ofesi yokhala ndi njira yapaintaneti yamafuta ndi ip yoyera. Mwina aliyense akukhala pa Yota, kapena njira ya 5 Mbps. Ndipo woperekayo amatha kusefa ma protocol aliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, ndinazindikira kuti L2TP siimatuluka kudzera ku St. Petersburg wothandizira Comfortel ...
Pachifukwa ichi, ndinakweza CHR mu data center, komwe amapereka njira yokhazikika yamafuta a vd imodzi (zowona, ndinayesa kuchokera ku maofesi onse). Kumeneko, maukonde nthawi zambiri samagwa kwathunthu, mosiyana ndi omwe amapereka "ofesi".
Maofesi onse ndi ogwiritsa ntchito amalumikizana ndi CHR kudzera pa VPN protocol yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni (Android, IOS) amamva bwino pa IPSec Xauth.
Nthawi yomweyo, ngati database ya makumi angapo a gigabytes ilumikizidwa pakati pa ofesi 1 ndi ofesi 2, ndiye kuti wogwiritsa ntchito akuyang'ana makamera patsambalo sangazindikire izi, chifukwa liwiro lidzakhala lochepa ndi m'lifupi mwa njira pa chipangizo chomaliza. , osati ndi njira ya CHR.
Chipata cha hypervisor
Pochita lendi ma seva ochepa mu DC ntchito zingapo, ndimagwiritsa ntchito VMWare ESXi virtualization (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ina iliyonse, mfundoyi sikusintha), yomwe imakulolani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zilipo ndikuzigawa pakati pa ntchito zomwe zakwezedwa mu kachitidwe ka alendo.
Kasamalidwe ka netiweki ndi chitetezo Ndikhulupirira CHR ngati rauta yokwanira, yomwe ndimayang'anira zochitika zonse za netiweki, zotengera zonse ndi netiweki yakunja.
Mwa njira, pambuyo khazikitsa ESXi, seva thupi alibe woyera ipv4. Kuchuluka komwe kungawonekere ndi adilesi ya ipv6. Zikatero, kuzindikira hypervisor ndi scanner yosavuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wa "chiwopsezo chatsopano" sizowona.
Moyo wachiwiri kwa PC yakale
Ndikuganiza kuti ndanena kale :-). Popanda kugula rauta yamtengo wapatali, mutha kukweza CHR pa PC yakale.
CHR Yathunthu kwaulere
Nthawi zambiri ndimakumana kuti akufunafuna CHR yaulere kuti ikweze woyimira pagulu lakunja la vds. Ndipo sakufuna kulipira ma ruble 10k pa chilolezo kuchokera kumalipiro awo.
Zocheperako, koma zilipo: utsogoleri wadyera, kukakamiza ma admins kuti apange zomangamanga kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi ndodo.
Kuyesedwa kwa masiku 60
Ndi kubwera kwa CHR, mlandu wawonjezeka kuchoka pa maola 24 kufika pa masiku 60! Chofunikira pakuperekedwa kwake ndikuloleza kukhazikitsa pansi pa malowedwe omwewo ndi mawu achinsinsi omwe muli nawo
Mbiri yakukhazikitsaku iwonekera mu akaunti yanu patsamba:
Kodi mlanduwu utha? Chotsatira ndi chani???
Ndipo palibe!
Madoko azigwira ntchito mwachangu ndipo ntchito zonse zipitiliza kugwira ntchito ...
Ingosiya kulandira zosintha za firmware, zomwe kwa ambiri sizofunikira. Ngati mumapereka chidwi chokwanira pachitetezo pakukhazikitsa, ndiye kuti simuyenera kupitako kwa zaka zambiri. Zomwe muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndidalemba m'nkhaniyi
Ndipo ngati mukufunikirabe kusintha firmware pambuyo pa kutha kwa mayesero?
Timayambiranso kuyesako motere:
1. Timapanga zosunga zobwezeretsera.
2. Timazitengera ku kompyuta yathu.
3. Ikaninso CHR pa vds kwathunthu.
4. Lowani
Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso chokhudza kukhazikitsidwa kotsatira kwa CHR chidzawonekera muakaunti yanu patsamba la Mikrotik.
5. Wonjezerani zosunga zobwezeretsera.
Zokonda zabwezeretsedwa ndipo kwatsala masiku 60!
Sizingatheke kuyikanso
Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi masitolo zana komwe PC yakale yokhala ndi CHR imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati rauta. Mumawunika CVE ndikuyesera kuyankha mwachangu pazowopsa zomwe zapezeka.
Kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri iliyonse, kukhazikitsanso CHR pazinthu zonse ndikuwononga zinthu za admin.
Koma pali njira yomwe imafuna chiphaso chimodzi chogulidwa cha CHR P1. Pafupifupi ofesi iliyonse imatha kupeza ma ruble a 2k, ndipo ngati siyingathe, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthawa ^_ ^.
Lingaliro ndikusamutsa layisensi mwalamulo kudzera muakaunti yanu pa mikrotik.com kuchokera ku chipangizo kupita ku chipangizo!
Timasankha "System ID" tikufuna rauta.
Ndipo dinani "Choka kulembetsa".
Layisensi "inasunthika" ku chipangizo chatsopano, ndipo chipangizo chakale, chomwe chinataya chilolezo, chinalandira kuyesa kwatsopano m'masiku 60 popanda kubwezeretsanso ndi manja owonjezera!
Ndiko kuti, ndi chiphaso chimodzi chokha, mutha kutumiza zombo zazikulu za CHR!
Chifukwa chiyani Mikrotik yafewetsa malamulo ake opereka ziphaso kwambiri?
Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa CHR, Mikrotik yapanga gulu lalikulu mozungulira zinthu zake. Gulu la akatswiri ndi okonda amayesa malonda awo, amapereka malipoti pa nsikidzi zomwe zapezeka, amapanga chidziwitso pazochitika zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero, ndiye kuti, zimakhala ngati polojekiti yotseguka yopambana.
Choncho, osati dziwe lachidziwitso chachisokonezo chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa m'malo enieni, koma akatswiri amaphunzitsidwa omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira ndi dongosolo linalake ndipo, motero, amapereka m'malo mwa zipangizo za wogulitsa. Ndipo atsogoleri abizinesi amakonda kumvera akatswiri omwe amawagwirira ntchito.
Chifukwa chiyani ArtΠΎmaphunziro otsika mtengo komanso misonkhano ya MUM yopitilira! M'gulu lapadera la Telegraph tsopano pali anthu oposa 3000, kumene akatswiri amakambirana njira zothetsera mavuto osiyanasiyana. Koma iyi ndi mitu yankhani zosiyana.
Chifukwa chake, phindu lalikulu la Mikrotik limachokera ku zida zogulitsa, osati zilolezo za $ 45.
Pano ndi tsopano tikuwona kukula kofulumira kwa chimphona cha IT chomwe chinawonekera posachedwa - mu 1997 ku Latvia.
Sindidzadabwa ngati m'zaka za 5 D-Link ikulengeza kutulutsidwa kwa router ina yomwe ikuyenda RouterOS kuchokera ku Mikrotik. Izi zachitika kambirimbiri mβmbiri. Kumbukirani pamene Apple idasiya PowerPC yake m'malo mwa ma processor a Intel.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi yathetsa kukayikira kwanu pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku Mikrotik.
Source: www.habr.com